User:Dawson Thornburgh/Machiavellianism (psychology)
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Niccolò Machiavelli was a 16th century Italian author, politician, and philosopher, best known for writing his novel The Prince. His book contained information on the strategies that can be used by new royalty as an instructional guide for ruling. The Prince suggested that the aims of princes should be that of glory and survival and proposed that one can justify the use of immoral means to achieve those ends. Because of this many came to associate the name of Machiavelli with traits that can be described as callous, deceitful, and psycopathic. The truth is that the trait is named after the political theorist Niccolò Machiavelli, as psychologists Richard Christie and Florence Geis used edited and truncated statements inspired by his works to study variations in human behaviors. Their Mach IV test, a 20-question, Likert-scale personality survey, became the standard self-assessment tool and scale of the Machiavellianism construct. Those who score high on the scale (High Machs) are more likely to have a high level of deceitfulness and a cynical, unempathetic temperament. Much research and debate has been proposed as to whether or not there are age related differences with respect to Machiavellianism.
Age correlation in levels of Machiavellianism
[edit]There is a clear trend upwards with respect to Machiavellianism from late childhood to adolescence when levels of Machiavellianism are thought to peak. From adolescence throughout adulthood there is a significant and steady downward trend with regard to levels of Machiavellianism, until the age of 65 where an overall lifetime minimum is reached.[1] There has also been extensive research on Machiavellianism in young children and adolescents, via a measure dubbed the "kiddie Mach" test.[2][3] Peer reports suggest that children higher in Machiavellianism exhibit behaviors such as using both prosocial and coercive strategies based on how much is to be gained in a situation, and they tend to manipulate indirectly.[4]
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Through my groups input I decided to rewrite the lead of the article as seen above, while also adding some images to the article.
References
[edit]- ^ Götz, Friedrich M.; Bleidorn, Wiebke; Rentfrow, Peter J. (2020-10). "Age differences in Machiavellianism across the life span: Evidence from a large‐scale cross‐sectional study". Journal of Personality. 88 (5): 978–992. doi:10.1111/jopy.12545. ISSN 0022-3506.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Christie, Richard; Geis, Florence L. (2013). Studies in Machiavellianism. Academic Press. p. 331. ISBN 9781483260600.
- ^ Chabrol, Henri; Van Leeuwen, Nikki; Rodgers, Rachel; Séjourné, Natalène (November 2009). "Contributions of psychopathic, narcissistic, Machiavellian, and sadistic personality traits to juvenile delinquency". Personality and Individual Differences. 47 (7): 734–739. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.06.020.
- ^ Abell, Loren; Qualter, Pamela; Brewer, Gayle; Barlow, Alexandra; Stylianou, Maria; Henzi, Peter; Barrett, Louise (2015-08-20). "Why Machiavellianism Matters in Childhood: The Relationship Between Children's Machiavellian Traits and Their Peer Interactions in a Natural Setting". Europe's Journal of Psychology. 11 (3): 484–493. doi:10.5964/ejop.v11i3.957. ISSN 1841-0413. PMC 4873058. PMID 27247672.
Instructor feedback (delete once addressed): It was only after reviewing the original article that I understood this is a new section you plan to add. You have several examples of peer-reviewed primary literature cited, but not peer-reviewed secondary literature. The platform prefers secondary literature (e.g., review papers) and I require a minimum of 2 peer-reviewed pieces of secondary literature. The first two sentences have so much overlap that I feel you can capture the message by only including one (likely minor rewrites required). When you state "peer reports" does that literally mean the peers of the children assessed in the study? I wasn't sure if you were referencing that or if you meant peer in the context of peer review. You will need to bring over more of the original article so it is clear where your proposed edits will fit. When you do so, be sure to place your edits in a distinctive font so they are clearly visible as additions. Keep up the research and look for those peer-reviewed examples of secondary literature to cite!