Jump to content

User:Dianav28/sandbox

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Bodo Cranium[edit]

Observation[edit]

This specimen has an unusually large cranial capacity for its age that is estimated at around 1250 cc (in the range between ∼1,200–1,325 cc) within the (lower) range of modern Homo sapiens.[1] The cranium includes the face, much of the frontal bone, parts of the midvault and the base anterior to the foramen magnum. The cranial length, width and height are 21 cm (8.3 in), 15.87 cm (6.2 in) and 19.05 cm (7.5 in) respectively. Researchers have suggested that Bodo butchered animals because Acheulean hand axes and cleavers, along with animal bones, were found at the site. The cranium has cut marks, which indicates that immediately after the death of this individual stone tools were used to remove the flesh from the bone.[2][3] Cuts on the Bodo cranium show the earliest evidence of removal of flesh immediately after the death of an individual using a stone tool.[4] The findings of symmetrical cut marks with specific patterns and directionality on the cranium serve as strong evidence that de-fleshing was done purposefully for cannibalism purposes[5] but could be as well used for polishing mortuary practices.[6] The cut marks were located “laterally among the maxilla” causing speculation among researchers that the specific reason for de-fleshing was to remove the mandible. [7]

  1. ^ Milner, Richard. "Cranial Capacity." The Encyclopedia of Evolution: Humanity's Search For Its Origins. New York: Holt, 1990: 98. "Living humans have a cranial capacity ranging from about 950 cc to 1800 cc, with the average about 1400 cc."
  2. ^ "Bodo Skull and Jaw". Skulls Unlimited. Archived from the original on 2015-12-08. Retrieved 15 October 2012.
  3. ^ White, Tim (1986), "Cut marks on the Bodo cranium: a case of prehistoric defleshing", American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 69 (4): 503–509, doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330690410, PMID 3087212
  4. ^ White, Tim D. (1986). "Cut marks on the Bodo cranium: A case of prehistoric defleshing". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 69 (4): 503–509. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330690410. ISSN 1096-8644. PMID 3087212.
  5. ^ White, T. D. (1986-4). "Cut marks on the Bodo cranium: a case of prehistoric defleshing". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 69 (4): 503–509. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330690410. ISSN 0002-9483. PMID 3087212. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. ^ Tarlow, Sarah; Stutz, Liv Nilsson (2013-06-06). The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Death and Burial. OUP Oxford. ISBN 9780199569069.
  7. ^ Pickering, Travis Rayne; White, Tim D.; Toth, Nicholas (2000). "Brief communication: Cutmarks on a Plio-Pleistocene hominid from Sterkfontein, South Africa". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 111 (4): 579–584. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(200004)111:4<579::AID-AJPA12>3.0.CO;2-Y. ISSN 1096-8644. PMID 10727975.