User:Doc James/Electronic cigarette

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An electronic cigarette is an electronic device that simulates tobacco smoking. Electronic cigarettes, also known as e-cigarette among other names,[notes 1] are handheld battery-powered vaporizers rather than combustible tobacco products.[1][2] Using an e-cigarette is called "vaping".[3] Instead of cigarette smoke, the user inhales an aerosol, commonly called vapor.[4] E-cigarettes typically have a heating element that atomizes a liquid solution called e-liquid.[5] They are activated by taking a puff or pressing a button.[6][3] Some look like traditional cigarettes,[7] but they come in many variations.[3] Most versions are reusable.[8]

The benefits and risks of e-cigarettes are uncertain.[9][10][11] They are likely safer than smoking tobacco,[12][13] with NHS England estimating them to be around 95% less harmful.[14] There is tentative evidence that they can help people who smoke quit.[12][13][15] Young people who use them are more likely to start smoking.[16][17]

E-cigarettes create vapor made of fine and ultrafine particles of particulate matter,[18] which contain propylene glycol and/or glycerin, usually nicotine and flavors, and small amounts of toxicants,[18] carcinogens,[19] heavy metals, metal nanoparticles, and other substances.[18] Its exact composition varies, and depends on several factors including user behaviour.[notes 2]

Nicotine is toxic and highly addictive.[20] Young people are particularly susceptible to this, and most (90%) smokers start before the age of 18.[21] Among first-time users 32% of people who try nicotine become addicted.[20]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Vaporizers, E-Cigarettes, and other Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS)". United States Food and Drug Administration. 14 February 2020.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  2. ^ Caponnetto, Pasquale; Campagna, Davide; Papale, Gabriella; Russo, Cristina; Polosa, Riccardo (2012). "The emerging phenomenon of electronic cigarettes". Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine. 6 (1): 63–74. doi:10.1586/ers.11.92. ISSN 1747-6348. PMID 22283580.
  3. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Orellana-Barrios2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b Cheng, T. (2014). "Chemical evaluation of electronic cigarettes". Tobacco Control. 23 (Supplement 2): ii11–ii17. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051482. ISSN 0964-4563. PMC 3995255. PMID 24732157.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference Weaver2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference Rahman2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Pepper, J. K.; Brewer, N. T. (2013). "Electronic nicotine delivery system (electronic cigarette) awareness, use, reactions and beliefs: a systematic review". Tobacco Control. 23 (5): 375–384. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051122. ISSN 0964-4563. PMC 4520227. PMID 24259045.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference DropeCahn2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference Hartmann-BoyceMcRobbie2016 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference BradyDeLaRosa2019 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference BalsBoyd2019 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ a b Glasser, Allison M.; Collins, Lauren; Pearson, Jennifer L.; Abudayyeh, Haneen; Niaura, Raymond S.; Abrams, David B.; Villanti, Andrea C. (1 February 2017). "Overview of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review". American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 52 (2): e33–e66. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2016.10.036. ISSN 0749-3797. PMC 5253272. PMID 27914771. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  13. ^ a b Farsalinos, Konstantinos (1 January 2018). "Electronic cigarettes: an aid in smoking cessation, or a new health hazard?". Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease. 12: 1753465817744960. doi:10.1177/1753465817744960. ISSN 1753-4666. PMC 5937152. PMID 29214890.
  14. ^ "E-cigarettes around 95% less harmful than tobacco estimates landmark review". gov.uk. Public Health England.
  15. ^ Hartmann‐Boyce, Jamie; McRobbie, Hayden; Bullen, Chris; Begh, Rachna; Stead, Lindsay F.; Hajek, Peter (2016). "Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 9 (9): CD010216. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub3. ISSN 1465-1858. PMC 6457845. PMID 27622384. However, the small number of trials, low event rates and wide confidence intervals around the estimates mean that our confidence in the result is rated 'low' by GRADE standards.
  16. ^ "Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes" (PDF). Retrieved 27 February 2020. For youth and young adults, there is substantial evidence that e-cigarette use increases the risk of ever using combustible tobacco cigarettes.
  17. ^ "E-cigarettes". www.who.int. Retrieved 27 February 2020. Furthermore, there is a growing body of evidence in some settings that never-smoker minors who use ENDS at least double their chance of starting to smoke conventional tobacco cigarettes later in life.
  18. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Grana2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  19. ^ Cite error: The named reference Hajek2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  20. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference MacDonald2016 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  21. ^ Cite error: The named reference JenssenBoykan2019 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).


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