User:Emmanuel Koduah Tweneboah/sandbox

Computer Ethics

Kɔmputa so abrabɔ pa yɛ nyansapɛ a mfaso wɔ so no fã a ɛfa sɛnea ɛsɛ sɛ kɔmputa ho adwumayɛfo si gyinae wɔ adwumayɛfo ne asetra mu abrabɔ ho.^[1]

Margaret Anne Pierce, ɔbenfo bi a ɔwɔ Nkontaabu ne Kɔmputa Dwumadibea a ɛwɔ Georgia Southern Sukuupɔn mu no akyekyɛ abrabɔ pa ho gyinaesi ahorow a ɛfa kɔmputa mfiridwuma ne sɛnea wɔde di dwuma ho no mu ayɛ no nkɛntɛnso atitiriw abiɛsa:^[2]

Onipa no ankasa ankasa [abrabɔ pa] mmara.
Abrabɔ pa ho mmara biara a ɛnyɛ mmara kwan so de a ɛwɔ adwumayɛbea hɔ.
Abrabɔ pa ho mmara a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ a wɔde bɛda wɔn ho adi

Fapem

Walter Maner,^[3] a ɔyɛ ɔbenfo wɔ Bowling Green State Sukuupɔn mu na odii kan hyehyɛɛ kɔmputa so abrabɔ pa. Maner hyɛɛ no nsow sɛ abrabɔ pa ho haw ahorow a wɔkaa ho asɛm wɔ n’Aduruyɛ mu Abrabɔ Pa adesua mu wɔ Old Dominion Sukuupɔn mu no bɛyɛɛ nea ɛyɛ den na ɛyɛ den bere a mfiridwuma ne kɔmputa a wɔde di dwuma no de wɔn ho hyɛɛ mu no.^[4] Wɔde nsɛm ho abrabɔ pa, nyansapɛ abrabɔ pa baa dwumadibea a Luciano Floridi hyɛ ho nkuran, ne afoforo, na ɛhwehwɛ kɔmputa so abrabɔ pa ho adwene mu nnyinaso.^[5]

Abakɔsɛm

Kɔmputa so abrabɔ pa ho adwene no fii ase wɔ 1940 mfe no mu wɔ MIT ɔbenfo Norbert Wiener, Amerikani akontaabufo ne nyansapɛfo no nkyɛn. Bere a na wɔreyɛ atuo a wɔde ko tia wimhyɛn ho adwuma wɔ Wiase Ko II mu no, Wiener ne ne mfɛfo mfiridwumayɛfo yɛɛ nhyehyɛe bi a wɔde di nkitaho wɔ aprɛm fã a ɛhwɛ wimhyɛn a ɛko akyi, ɔfã a ɛyɛ akontaabu de bu ɔkwan a ɛbɛfa so, ne ɔfã a ɛhwɛ atopae so no ntam. ^[6]Wiener frɛɛ nyansahu a ɛfa nsɛm a wɔde ma ho nhyehyɛe a ɛte saa ho no, “cybernetics,” na ɔkaa saa adwuma foforo yi ho asɛm ne nea ɛfa ho a ɛfa abrabɔ pa ho wɔ ne nhoma a ɔkyerɛwee wɔ 1948 mu, Cybernetics mu. Wɔ 1950 mu no, Wiener nhoma a ɛto so abien, Nipa de Nnipa di Dwuma, hwehwɛɛ abrabɔ pa ho nsɛm a ɛfa nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔ mfiridwuma ho no mu kɔɔ akyiri na ɛde kɔmputa so abrabɔ pa nnyinaso atitiriw too hɔ.

Akyiri kakra wɔ afe koro no ara mu no, wɔyɛɛ kɔmputa so nsɛmmɔnedi a edi kan wɔ wiase. Obi a ɔyɛ nhyehyɛe no tumi de kɔmputa so mmara kakra dii dwuma de siw ne sikakorabea akontaabu ano sɛ wɔrenkyerɛw sɛ wɔagye sika a ɛboro so. Nanso, na mmara biara nni hɔ saa bere no a wɔde besiw no kwan, na nea efii mu bae ne sɛ wɔammɔ no sobo. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔahwɛ ahu sɛ obi foforo anni n’akyi no, na ɛho hia sɛ wɔhyehyɛ abrabɔ pa ho mmara ma kɔmputa.

Nsunsuanso a efi Infringing copying mu ba

Nsunsuanso a efi mfoniniyɛ a wobu so wɔ dijitaal ahemman mu, titiriw a wɔasua ho ade wɔ kɔmputa so dwumadi ne nnwom a wɔakyere agu hama so adwumayɛbea ahorow mu no ama sikasɛm ho abenfo a wɔde wɔn adwene si osuahu so no haw kɛse^[7]. Bere a softwea adwuma no tumi di yiye ɛmfa ho sɛ wɔde dijitaal mfonini yɛ no, nnwom a wɔakyere agu hama so no hu sika a wonya no so tew kɛse, titiriw bere a MP3 fael ahorow a wɔde fael kyɛ no kɔ soro no. Nkɛntɛnso a nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma a wontua ho ka nya wɔ nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma a wotua ho ka so a wɔde besi hɔ no yɛ asɛnnennen esiane ɔhaw ahorow a ɛwɔ sɛ wobenya nsɛm a ɛfa nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma a wontua ho ka ho na wɔatwe nsɛm a ɛde ba no nti. Ɛmfa ho sɛnea ɛte sɛ nea asɛmmisa no yɛ mmerɛw—baabi a nnwom a wɔakyere agu hama so a wɔnom a wontua ho ka no di nnipa a wɔde di dwuma a wotua ho ka—yɛ den mmom sɛ wobesi mmuae no so dua wɔ osuahu mu, esiane nneɛma abien nti.^[8]

References

^ Bynum, Terrell Ward. "A Very Short History of Computer Ethics". Southern Connecticut Wein University. Archived from the original on 2008-04-18. Retrieved 2011-01-05.
^ Pierce, Margaret Anne; Henry, John W. (April 1996). "Computer ethics: The role of personal, informal, and formal codes". Journal of Business Ethics. 15 (4): 425–437. doi:10.1007/BF00380363. (subscription required)
^ Bynum, Terrell Ward. "A Very Short History of Computer Ethics". Southern Connecticut Wein University. Retrieved 2011-01-05. {{cite web}}: Check |archive-url= value (help)
^ Bynum, Terrell (2018), "Computer and Information Ethics", in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2018 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, retrieved 2019-12-14
^ Floridi, Luciano, ed. (2010), "Information Ethics", The Cambridge Handbook of Information and Computer Ethics, Cambridge University Press, pp. 77–100, ISBN 9780521717724
^ Bynum, Terrell Ward. "A Very Short History of Computer Ethics". Southern Connecticut Wein University. Archived from the original on 2008-04-18. Retrieved 2011-01-05.
^ Zhang, Huaiyin; Wang, Rongrong; Cai, Kui b. "Research on the application and examination of electronic evidence preserved on the blockchain in Chinese copyright judicial practice". Computer Law and Security Review. doi:10.1016/j.clsr.2023.105891. ISSN 0267-3649.
^ Merrill, Stephen A.; William J., Raduchel (2013-05-30). Copyright in the Digital Era: Building Evidence for Policy. National Academies Press. doi:10.17226/14686. ISBN 0309278953.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)

[1] Bynum, Terrell Ward. "A Very Short History of Computer Ethics". Southern Connecticut Wein University. Archived from the original on 2008-04-18. Retrieved 2011-01-05.

[2] Pierce, Margaret Anne; Henry, John W. (April 1996). "Computer ethics: The role of personal, informal, and formal codes". Journal of Business Ethics. 15 (4): 425–437. doi:10.1007/BF00380363. (subscription required)

[3] Bynum, Terrell Ward. "A Very Short History of Computer Ethics". Southern Connecticut Wein University. Retrieved 2011-01-05. {{cite web}}: Check |archive-url= value (help)

[4] Bynum, Terrell (2018), "Computer and Information Ethics", in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2018 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, retrieved 2019-12-14

[5] Floridi, Luciano, ed. (2010), "Information Ethics", The Cambridge Handbook of Information and Computer Ethics, Cambridge University Press, pp. 77–100, ISBN 9780521717724

[6] Bynum, Terrell Ward. "A Very Short History of Computer Ethics". Southern Connecticut Wein University. Archived from the original on 2008-04-18. Retrieved 2011-01-05.

[7] Zhang, Huaiyin; Wang, Rongrong; Cai, Kui b. "Research on the application and examination of electronic evidence preserved on the blockchain in Chinese copyright judicial practice". Computer Law and Security Review. doi:10.1016/j.clsr.2023.105891. ISSN 0267-3649.

[8] Merrill, Stephen A.; William J., Raduchel (2013-05-30). Copyright in the Digital Era: Building Evidence for Policy. National Academies Press. doi:10.17226/14686. ISBN 0309278953.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]