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Drafting in Sandbox for Supernormal Stimulus

Edit 1:

For example, when it comes to eggs, a bird can be made to prefer the artificial versions to their own,^[1] and humans can be similarly exploited by junk food.^[2] Organisms tend to show a preference for the stimulus properties (i.e. size, colour, etc) that have evolved in nature; but when offered an artificial exaggerated stimulus, animals will show behaviour in favour of the artificial stimulus, over the naturally occurring stimulus.^[3]

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In 1979, the term supernormal stimulus was used by Richard Dawkins and John Krebs to refer to the exaggeration of pre-existing signs induced by social parasites, noting the manipulation of baby birds (hosts) from these, to illustrate the effectiveness of those signals. An example of this is the Common Cuckoo brood parasite that develops a begging call mimicry of several nestlings of Reed Warblers, just approximately one week after hatching; this sound output of the parasite increases in frequency with maturity.^[4] Since this parasite tends to grow larger than the reed warbler nestlings, it can inherit a substantial amount of food from the host parent.^[4]

References

^ Tinbergen, Niko (1951). The Study of Instinct. Oxford, Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-857343-2. Based on a series of lectures given in New York, 1947, under the auspices of the American Museum of Natural History and Columbia University
^ Barrett, Deirdre (2007). "Supernormal Stimuli--Why Birds Are Cuckoo". Waistland: The (R)Evolutionary Science Behind Our Weight and Fitness Crisis. New York, New York: W.W. Norton & Co. pp. 31–51. ISBN 978-0-393-06216-8.
^ "A Dictionary of Animal Behaviour". 2014-01-01. doi:10.1093/acref/9780191761577.001.0001. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ ^a ^b Tunheim, Odd Helge; Stokke, Bård G.; Wang, Longwu; Yang, Canchao; Jiang, Aiwu; Liang, Wei; Røskaft, Eivin; Fossøy, Frode (2019-02-07). "Development and behavior of Plaintive Cuckoo (Cacomantis merulinus) nestlings and their Common Tailorbird (Orthotomus sutorius) hosts". Avian Research. 10 (1). doi:10.1186/s40657-019-0143-z. ISSN 2053-7166.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[Study_of_Instinct-1] Tinbergen, Niko (1951). The Study of Instinct. Oxford, Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-857343-2. Based on a series of lectures given in New York, 1947, under the auspices of the American Museum of Natural History and Columbia University

[waistland-2] Barrett, Deirdre (2007). "Supernormal Stimuli--Why Birds Are Cuckoo". Waistland: The (R)Evolutionary Science Behind Our Weight and Fitness Crisis. New York, New York: W.W. Norton & Co. pp. 31–51. ISBN 978-0-393-06216-8.

[3] "A Dictionary of Animal Behaviour". 2014-01-01. doi:10.1093/acref/9780191761577.001.0001. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[:0-4] Tunheim, Odd Helge; Stokke, Bård G.; Wang, Longwu; Yang, Canchao; Jiang, Aiwu; Liang, Wei; Røskaft, Eivin; Fossøy, Frode (2019-02-07). "Development and behavior of Plaintive Cuckoo (Cacomantis merulinus) nestlings and their Common Tailorbird (Orthotomus sutorius) hosts". Avian Research. 10 (1). doi:10.1186/s40657-019-0143-z. ISSN 2053-7166.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

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