User:Forest90/sandbox/U.S.-Mexico border crisis

Mexico–United States border
The border between Mexico and the United States spans six Mexican states and four U.S. states.
Characteristics
Entities	Mexico United States
Length	3,145 kilometers (1,954 mi)
History
Current shape	December 30, 1853
Treaties	Adams–Onís Treaty, Treaty of Limits (Mexico–United States), Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Gadsden Purchase

U.S.-Mexico border crisis new article content ...

Incident

Immigration and refugee have became one of the main subject of Trump's government policies since 2016. Donald Trump was repeatedly saying that he believes Mexican immigrants are the cause of crime in the U.S. during the his presidential campaign in 2016. He, in an interview with Time Magazine, blamed the Obama administration for the separating the migrants family's member in the border. But this policies get worst after Trump presidency period had started. He has tried to ignore the "sanctuary cities," where migrants are shielded from ICE by local authorities, and also has tried to finish federal funding to those cities, but district courts have not accepted the Trump's request. At least, 2,500 children were separated from their families in May 2019, and at least six children, between the ages of two and a half and 16, have died in US custody.

The US policies make it harder for migrants who seeking asylum to turn themselves in at ports of entry. Human rights advocates have been warning for months that deaths at the border would increase, as migrants are forced to cross in more dangerous areas because US policies. Also, Customs and Border Protection officials have said for months that surging asylum claims have overwhelmed ports of entry along the border. That, they say, has left them no choice but to turn back thousands of migrants, who then face waits of weeks or months. "We do not have the capacity and capability to address" the flow of asylum seekers, Department of Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen told the Council on Foreign Relations in November.

According to Japantimes, U.S. customs and border protection is the first agency in charge that has detained the refugees, even they arrest children sometimes for weeks. Its authorities have always complained about their lack of suitable equipment and trained agents who help refugee. CBP can't handle the large number of growing influx of migrants who cross illegally from Mexico. A CBP's spokesman confessed that according to the agency’s guidebook on treatment of detainees, the pregnant teens and teens with babies must have regular access to snacks, milk and juice.

According to the Customs and Border Protection (CBP) data, the number of unaccompanied youths and minors who enter U.S.-Mexico border has grown during 2018. The data says, over 56,200 unaccompanied youths were crossed the Southwest border, comparing to 50,000 in 2017. The number of the pregnant youths or unaccompanied minors are unknown, but according to the HHS’s Office of Refugee Resettlement, about 500 teens with babies spent in the custody in 2018. According to CBS News reports, the growth of the migrants at the El Paso border area crossed 600% between 2018-2019.

Trump after the international outcry announced, in June 2019, that the U.S. will stop the family separation policy. But, thousands of children had been removed from their family and sent to camps. Many parents have been lost their children by these policies. Observers say many of those children remain in US custody, and maintain that the separations are continuing.

Aftermath

Many reports and federal court documents have shown that the refugees and migrants problems don’t finish after they are released custody. The U.S. government inspectors reports have shown the dangerous and difficult conditions at Border Patrol holding facilities in El Paso and McAllen, Texas. The refugee problems usually continue after entering U.S., and most of them are finding job, sponsor or a relative who support them. It's difficult to find a proper job for them while they have to care their children, too. Many refugees for lack of legal status and inability to afford child care, can't living in the U.S. legally, so their case send to courts, even though their children are American citizens. If an American citizen decide to be his or her parent sponsor, he or she must to reach 21 years old at least. Nevertheless, if it is found that his or her parent were living illegally in the U.S., they will deported from America for 10 years.

Fatalities

Oscar Alberto Martinez and his 2 years old daughter, identified as El Salvador, drowned in the river of the Rio Grande on 23 June 2019. They were trying to cross the U.S.-Mexico border and their bodies were found 26 June 2019 near Matamoros, across the river from Brownsville, Texas.

Vulnerable groups

Three groups of migrants is more vulnerable than others, including teen moms, pregnant girls and children. Lawyers and doctors claim that many young migrant children are living in a bad conditions in U.S.-Mexico border. They have believed that this group don’t get their essential drugs, and usually feeding problem, have poor hygiene, forced to sleep anywhere and stand on their foots for many hours. As a result, their babies get sick. Nicole Ramos, refugee program director for Al Otro Lado, believed, trip to the U.S. could be dangerous for young moms and pregnant teens. He said, “I feel young pregnant girls are in danger during their trip to America. They’re not too smart or strong to solve problems and also don’t have access to proper sources.”

A Guatemalan girl, 16, with a baby, 1-year-old, had spent at least two weeks in CBP custody while she and her son were not feeding enough. She added, “I fed my baby three times a day with solid food, but now he is just getting breast milk and sometimes a cookie. Also, I’m making a little breast milk because I have not a good diet.” In another case, a Honduran girl, 17 years old, with a 1-year-old daughter told:

We spent in detainment for weeks at the processing center in McAllen. I were separated from my husband and they put me in a crowded area. I and my baby was allowed to shower just once during 12 days of detainment while my baby’s clothing was so dirty. We were given cold and raw sandwiches, so we didn't eat them.

Priya Konings, the deputy director of legal services for Kids in Need of Defense, stressed, “The legal process of asylum is too hard if you be an young parent or being pregnant.” She added, “Usually, the minors among refugee are facing so many challenges such as, issues in education, lack of support, lack of mental health treatment, because they can't access to legal representation.”

Clara Long, a researcher at watchdog Human Rights Watch (HRW), was done some personal monitoring about the U.S. border conditions. She reported that met a 3-year old boy who was coughing, matted his hair, wore a dirty pants and his eyes almost close with fatigue. His only caretaker was his 11-year old brother that was detained in a cage for weeks. The children can't detained by border patrol for a long time. Their detention period are less than 72 hours but Long said some of these children had been spent three to four weeks in detention.

Sexual assault of migrants

{main|Sexual assault of migrants from Latin America to the United States

Reactions

The House of Representatives voted 230-195 on 25 June 2019 to approve $4.5, and on 26 June 2019, the Republican-led Senate passed a $4.5 billion bill for solving the growing crisis at the U.S. southern border with Mexico. House Appropriations Chairwoman Nita Lowey, a Democrat from New York, unveiled proposed changes to the border aid bill, including strengthening requirements for the care of migrants in government custody and setting a time limit of 90 days for unaccompanied children to stay in temporary shelters. But, the proposed changes were updated to include additional provisions, including requiring the secretary of Health and Human Services to replace contractors who do not meet "enhanced standards required under the Flores settlement" -- which limits the length of time and conditions under which US officials can detain immigrant children. The Republicans were setting up a clash with the Democrats, and after an emotional debate, the vote's result was 84-8, and the bill has significant differences with the Senate proposal.The vote was over the package and a White House veto threat, because contains a number of problematic policy provisions that would hinder the administration's efforts to enforce our immigration laws and protect children, too. The White House has already said it "strongly opposes" the legislation and it is not clear whether the House and Senate will be able to reach an agreement the President will sign off on. Four liberal Democratic freshmen voted against the measure: Reps. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez of New York, Ayanna Pressley of Massachusetts, Rashida Tlaib of Michigan and Ilhan Omar of Minnesota and three House Republicans voted with Democrats: Brian Fitzpatrick of Pennsylvania, Will Hurd of Texas and Chris Smith of New Jersey. The funding would go to help every agencies that need money to manage the border's crisis.

Randi Weingarten, president of American Federation of Teachers, helped to arrange a protest front of the United Nations in Geneva in 17 June 2019. Demonstrators wore shirts that the phrase #classroomsnotcages were written on them. They showed their anger from the U.S. migration policies, particularly the US policy of separating migrant families crossing its southern border. Three teens stood inside a small cage, a symbol of the U.S. border cage, installed outside the gates of the United Nations's European headquarters. Dozens of demonstrators asked the UN Human Rights Council to react on Trump's migrant policies.

The American Federation of Teachers union was among 15 labor organisations that filed a complaint against Trump's administration policies of separating migrant parents and children who illegally cross the border. The complainants has reached the final stages of the Human Rights Council's review process.

Randi Weingarten told AFP news, "we react for creating more pressure, and also show how terrible is the American government policies against migrants children. Trump's administration focused on children and it is really immoral. We know kids are still being separated. We know kids are still being held". They hope that the council react against what has happened in America and see as a violation of the international protocols and international rights declarations.

Sandra Cordero, heads the organisation "Families Belong Together", has been working to reunite many of the separated families, again. She said AFP news, "There are still hundreds of cases of separation, that have not been reunited or even contacted with their families." Cordero especially slammed the government's "purposefully cruel" failure to establish a system to keep track of the children and ensure family reunification would be possible.

The deaths of the father and child prompted Salvadoran Minister of Foreign Affairs Alexandra Hill to beg her countrymen to stay and work with the government as it tries to solve the economic issues that cause many to look to migrate north. Hill said the government is working with Mexican authorities to repatriate the remains and help the family financially.she said, "Our country is in mourning, again. I beg you, to all the families, parents, don't risk it. Life is worth a lot more."

See also

• [[Refugee
• [[Mexico–United States border

External links

• www.example.com

Category:Forced migration Category:Geography of Arizona Category:Geography of California Category:Geography of New Mexico Category:Geography of Texas Category:Southwestern United States Category:Borders of the United States Category:Borders of Mexico