User:GJaet/Aversion therapy

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References

Spandler, H., & Carr, S. (2022). Lesbian and bisexual women’s experiences of aversion therapy in England. History of the Human Sciences, 35(3/4), 218–236.

Aversion therapy has been used in the context of subconscious or compulsive habits, such as chronic nail biting, hair-pulling (trichotillomania), or skin-picking (commonly associated with forms of obsessive compulsive disorder as well as trichotillomania).

Emetic therapy (to induce vomiting) and faradic (administered shock) aversion therapy has been used to induce aversion for cocaine dependency

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The Judge Rotenberg Center has been condemned by the United Nations for torture as a result of this practice.

In history[edit]

Pliny the Elder attempted to heal alcoholism in the first century Rome by putting putrid spiders in alcohol abusers' drinking glasses.

In 1935, Charles Shadel turned a colonial mansion in Seattle into the Shadel Sanatorium where he began treating alcoholics for their substance use disorder. His enterprise was launched with the help of gastroenterologist Walter Voegtlin and psychiatrist Fred Lemere. Together, they created a medical practice that exclusively treated chronic alcoholism through Pavlovian conditioned reflex aversion therapy.

In the 1960s and 1970s aversion therapy was used on a small group of lesbian and bisexual identifying woman in England. Electric shocks and injections to induce vomiting were used to prevent the woman from looking at other woman. This was meant to work as a form of conversion therapy.