User:Hew Folly/Sources

The Azerbaijani Khanates as mentioned in WP:SECONDARY

Маркова О. П. Россия, Закавказье и международные отношения в XVIII веке. М.: Наука, 1966. С. 176. Фатали-хан писал Екатерине II (в конце 1782 г.), что весь Азербайджан недоволен поступками царя Ираклия и Ибрагим-хана (заключением в тюрьму гянджинского и ереванского ханов). Он, Фатали-хан, «за должность свою признал, чтобы честь и право адырбайджанских ханов защитить».

Айрапетов О. Р., Волхонский М. А., Муханов В. М. Дорога на Гюлистан… Из истории российской политики на Кавказе во второй половине XVIII — первой четверти XIX в. — М.: Книжный Мир, Международный институт новейших государств, 2014. — С. 180—181. — ISBN 978-5-8041-0673-8. Фирман Ага Мохаммед Шаха Каджара ко всем «адербайджанским» и дагестанским владетелям: Высочайший повелителя Персии фирман в том состоит, дабы известно и ведомо вам было, что удостоился уже я быть в Персии шахом; адербейджанские же ханы и владельцы все мне покорились, и я прибыл теперь с войском к стороне здешней с тем, чтобы наказать противников. Почему и можете вы прислать своего посланника с прошением и изъяснить все до вас касающееся, что, конечно, приму я за благо. Только пришлите ко мне нарочного своего с обстоятельным вашим прошением; по исполнении же сего и по мере услуг ваших, не останетесь вы без воздаяния (ссылка на Дубровин Н. Ф. История войны и владычества русских на Кавказе: в 6 томах. — СПб.: Тип. И. Н. Скороходова, 1886. — Т. 3. — С. 64.).

Левиатов В. Н. Очерки из истории Азербайджана в XVIII веке. — Баку: Изд-во АН Азербайджанской ССР, 1948. — С. 144. Один из современников Фатали-хана, полковник Бурнашёв, живший в Тбилиси в качестве уполномоченного российского правительства при царе Ираклии II, в 1786 г., в составленном им описании политического состояния областей азербайджанских писал следующее: «К теперешнему положению тех земель, которые под именем Адребиджани разумеются, начиная с севера прилежит Грузия, то есть царства Кахетинское и Карталинское; от востока море Каспийское и: провинция Гилян, от полудня область Ирак, от запада Туреция… Азербайджанских владельцев разделять должно на самовластных и зависимых, а первых — на могущих и маломощных. Дербентский или Куба-хан есть из числа могущих, почитают его довольно богатым, сила его собственная состоит из 3000 человек, но к предприятиям важным против своих соседей призывает он как ближние Адербиджанские ханы, как-то: Нухинский, Ширванский и Шушинский, владельцев из Дагестана и приводит бродяг лезгинских…».

The term Azerbaijani (or Azeri) khanates is used by several authors: Swietochowski, Tadeusz (2004), "Azerbaijani khanates and the conquest by Russia", Russian Azerbaijan, 1905-1920: The Shaping of National Identity in a Muslim Community, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521522455,

In 1747 Nadir Shah, the strong ruler who had established his hold over Persia eleven years earlier, was assassinated in a palace coup, and his empire fell into chaos and anarchy. These circumstances effectively terminated the suzerainty of Persia over Azerbaijan, where local centers of power emerged in the form of indigenous principalities, independent or virtually so, inasmuch as some maintained tenuous links to Persia's weak Zand dynasty.

Thus began a half-century-long period of Azerbaijani independence, albeit in a condition of deep political fragmentation and internal warfare. Most of the principalities were organized as khanates, small replicas of the Persian monarchy, including Karabagh, Sheki, Ganja, Baku, Derbent, Kuba, Nakhchivan, Talysh, and Erivan in northern Azerbaijan and Tabriz, Urmi, Ardabil, Khoi, Maku, Maragin, and Karadagh in its southern part. Many of the khanates were subdivided into mahals (regions), territorial units inhabited by members of the same tribe, reflecting the fact that residue of tribalism was still strong.

Swietochowski, Tadeusz (1993), Russia's Transcaucasian Policies and Azerbaijan: Ethnic Conflict and Regional Unity // In a collapsing empire. Feltrinelli Editore, p. 190, An Armenian oblast' (district) was created on the territory of the former Azerbaijani khanates of Erivan and Nakhichevan, yet remarkably there followed no large scale manifestation of ethnic strife in the countryside.

Mostashari, Firouzeh (2006), "The Caucasian Campaigns and the Azerbaijani Khanates", On the religious frontier: Tsarist Russia and Islam in the Caucasus. I.B. Tauris, New York, ISBN 1850437718, The success of the Russian campaigns in annexing the Transcaucasian territories was not solely due to the resolve of the generals and their troops, or even their superiority over the Persian military. The independent khanates, themselves, were disintegrating from within, helplessly weakening one another with their internal rivalries. Strausz-Hupé, Robert; Hazard, Harry W. (1958), The idea of colonialism, Praeger, p. 77, In 1804 Russian troops occupied the khanate of Ganja, and this was followed by the surrender of several other autonomous Azeri khanates in western Azerbaijan.

Murinson, Alexander (2009), Turkey's Entente with Israel and Azerbaijan, Routledge, p. 2, The core territory of modern-day Azerbaijan, i.e. Shirvan, Quba and other Azeri Khanates in the Caucasus, served historically as place of refuge for Persian and later Russian Jews. Yemelianova, Galina M. (2009), Radical Islam in the Former Soviet Union, Routledge, p. 149, With the fall of the Safawid empire in 1722, a number of independent khanates emerged on the territory of modern Azerbaijan. Among them were the khanates of Bakı, Gəncə, Qarabağ, Quba, Naxçıvan, Şirvan, Şəki, and Şamaxı. By 1805, the khanates of Qarabağ and Şirvan had become protectorates of the Russian Empire. In two wars between Russia and Qajār Persia in 1804–1813 and 1826–1828, the Russians conquered other Azerbaijani khanates.

Kazemzadeh, Firuz (1951), The Struggle for Transcaucasia, Templar Press, p. 6, All through the nineteenth century Russia kept driving southward. By the treaty of Gulistan (1813) she acquired Karabagh and Shirvan, as well as Talish. Thus the Azerbaijani Khanates were separated from Persia and added to the enormous body of the Russian Empire. Huttenbach, Henry R. (1990), Soviet Nationality Policies, Mansell, p. 222, The pattern of the Russian conquest varied: in some cases, notably in the Azerbaijani khanate of Ganja, the emirate of Bukhara, the khanate of Kokand and Turkmenistan, violence and bloodshed were involved.

Nahaylo, Bohdan; Swoboda, Victor (1990), Soviet Disunion. A History of the Nationalities Problem in the USSR, Simon and Schuster, p. 12, Its inhabitants being Shiite, the Azerbaijani khanate was more closely linked with Persia than with their Turkish kin. Peter the Great defeated Persia and annexed the Derbent and Baku regions of Azerbaijan in 1724. Batalden, Stephen K. (1997), The Newly Independent States of Eurasia, Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 110, The 1812 Treaty of Gulistan and the 1828 Treaty of Turkmanchai ended the two Russo-Persian wars and brought Azerbaijani khanates north of the Aras River under Russian control.

Allworth, Edward (1994), Muslim Communities Reemerge. Historical Perspectives on Nationality, Duke University Press, p. 47, One of the first consequences of the conquest was the gradual dismantling of the Azerbaijani khanates, the principalities that had formed the political structure of the country. The khanates of Ganja, Shirvan, Talysh, Baku, Karabagh, Sheki, Nakhchivan, Derbent, and Kuba disappeared, one after the other, for the most part during the 1830s and the 1840s, and the process of breaking up these traditional polities contributed to the weakening of deeply rooted local particularisms

Encyclopædia Iranica, "ĀḴŪNDZĀDA", H. Algar (link); The third comedy, Sargoḏašt-e wazīr-e Lankarān, written in 1851, satirizes corrupt and tyrannical rulers, and is set in the period of the Azerbaijani khanates, on the eve of Russian rule.

Northern Azerbaijan

Thus began a half-century-long period of Azerbaijani independence, albeit in a condition of deep political fragmentation and internal warfare. Most of the principalities were organized as khanates, small replicas of the Persian monarchy, including Karabagh, Sheki, Ganja, Baku, Derbent, Kuba, Nakhchivan, Talysh, and Erivan in northern Azerbaijan and Tabriz, Urmi, Ardabil, Khoi, Maku, Maragin, and Karadagh in its southern part. Many of the khanates were subdivided into mahals (regions), territorial units inhabited by members of the same tribe, reflecting the fact that residue of tribalism was still strong.