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Language Policy in Indonesian Education
[edit]This article is about the language policy in Indonesian Education. For an overview on education in Indonesia, see Education in Indonesia. This article briefly discusses the place of specific languages in education, describing the conditions for using Indonesian language, local or international languages, especially English, in education. In addition, there is a discussion about the language challenges in Indonesia and how language policy is in education. A correct understanding of the challenges faced will help determine policies, especially the language policy in education in Indonesia.
About one-seventh of the equator is occupied by the archipelago of more than 17,000 islands that make up the Republic of Indonesia.[1] Over 225 million people live in the archipelago. "Bhineka Tunggal Ika" or Unity in Diversity is the Sanskrit message that Indonesian share with each other. In spite of this, they have a variety of ethnicities, religious beliefs, and languages. In Indonesia, there should be more than 1000 languages spoken at home by children as their mother tongue or what prefer to call their home language. Indonesia has determined its national language policy in a highly successful manner, unlike other multilingual nations such as India and the Philippines that have struggled with socio-political problems due to the adoption of a single national language.[2] During the historic event of the First Congress of Indonesian Youth in 1928, Bahasa Indonesia or Indonesian language was made public as the national language for this archipelago country and was later affirmed when the first language congress was held in1938.
The place of specific language in education
[edit]Indonesian language has historical and symbolic value for Indonesian as the language of national unity and independence from colonial rulers.[3] After the independence period, Indonesian language played an essential role in all government administrations, businesses, media, and as a medium of official instruction in all schools, with many other schools continuing to use the local language.[4] In this case, schools are the mechanisms that shape national language standards, but not just Indonesian language featured in language education policies. The following will explain The place of specific languages in education.
Indonesian Language
[edit]Indonesian language as the language of unity is the language that they will speak in every school in Indonesia. Indonesian can use the regional language in kindergarten and the first three years (Regulation No. 4, 1950, Chapter IV part 5).[5]Indonesian language was implemented as the primary language of instruction in the education system in the 1940s, and this policy continues to be in place today. Indonesian language has grown to be the primary language of socialization in some urban areas, although it is difficult to estimate how many children in the middle class can speak Indonesian language.[2]
Local language
[edit]
The maintaining of "bahasa kita" above "bahasa kami" doesn't imply that the neighborhood language is then wound down. Local languages played an important part in education until the mid-20th century, when some languages were employed as teaching mediums. After the mid-1970s, schools had to use only the standardized form of Indonesian language and It became the sole medium of instruction.[2] As part of the Republic Indonesia's 1999 constitutional reform, the Habibie administration introduced the Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia No. 22/1999 about Local Government (Regional Administration Law, No. 22/1999) that devolved administrative and fiscal powers to local authorities.It gave regional governments greater autonomy and, for some of them, led to a change in their language policies.
English Language
[edit]The instructing of English in Indonesian schooling began in the college area with the foundation of an English language program at Universitas Nasional Jakarta in 1949.[6]There was a general penchant for English since at first it had nothing to do with former colonizers. Later, Suharto was empathically aligned with the West and saw English as crucial for solid financial ties. Indeed, the help for English during Suharto's Presidency was entirely solid, to the point that English divisions developed from 15 to 106.[7] English has been embraced as a mode of guidance close by Indonesian in tertiary levels through bilingual/drenching advanced education programs starting around 2003.[8] But English has been acknowledged by a gigantic number to be a critical language to figure out how to participate in globalization, the public power's attitude doesn't show a ton of help for including English as a piece of its language procedure. To the potential gain of Indonesian language, the use will proceed to create and unsurprising execution of the language methodology will ensure its procedure with progress.[9]
The challenge of language policy in Education
[edit]
The policy of language in Indonesia in general policy is quite elaborate. As described in Government Regulation of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia Number 57 of 2014 Development, Development and Protection of Language and Literature, and Improvement of Indonesian Functions, where Article 36, which began in the 1928 Youth Pledge, continued in the 1945 Constitution. The change period in Indonesia, which started in 1999, has carried with it a decentralization of instructive administration. Although Indonesian language has a position as the national language, the language of unity, and the language of the state, globalization is a necessity that causes cultural acculturation, especially in education. [10]The challenges faced by Indonesian are light in the era of globalization. Globalization is closely related to the development of science and technology. [11]Communication tools used in the technology is a foreign language, especially English. Thus the policy regarding language in education is crucial, and it is important to discuss how the future of language education policy in Indonesia is.[12]
The future of language education policy
[edit]Government officials are aware of the importance of language, especially in the national tongue. This can be seen from several efforts and policies that have been carried out government, including the issuance of Law no. 24/2009, which regulates the National Language, Indonesian Language. Since 2002, regional languages have been included in the 4th amendment to the 1945 Constitution (article 32).[13]Many issues drive the importance of implementing language policy in social and national life, including non-linguistic problems (the influence of globalization and the threat of national disintegration). The language problem occurs in 2 domains: on a national scale (language attitude and English intervention on the use of Indonesian Language) and regional scale (extinction and shift of local languages).[14]This recommends a language strategy that works on the nature of the educational plan, instructing, and learning in state schooling, just as an approach that assists with situating the job of the various dialects in a more sure and secured setting.[15]
Further Reading
[edit]Government regulations of the Republic of Indonesia regarding the development, development, and protection of language and literature, as well as the function of the Indonesian language https://jdih.kemenkeu.go.id/fullText/2014/57TAHUN2014PP.HTM
A collection of rules that exist in Indonesia https://peraturan.go.id/uu.html
References
[edit]- ^ "Indonesia Facts and Figures".
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b c Kohler, Michelle (2019). "Language education policy in Indonesia –a struggle for unity in diversity". University of South Australia.
- ^ Ridwan, Muhammad (2018). "National and Official Language: The Long Journey of Indonesian Language". Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal). 1.
- ^ Kohler, Michelle (2019). Language Education Policy in Indonesia: a struggle for unity in diversity. New York: Routledge. pp. 4–5.
- ^ Simanjuntak, Risa (2009). "BAHASA INDONESIA POLICY, IMPLEMENTATION, AND PLANNING" (PDF). Bina Nusantara University. 1: 14 – via media.neliti.com.
- ^ Diyanti, B. Yuniar. "THE PROFILE OF PRIMARY ENGLISH TEACHERS IN INDONESIA". Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.
- ^ Candraningrum, Dewi (2008). The Challenge of Teaching English in Indonesian's Muhammadiyah Universities (1958-2005): Mainstreaming Gender Through Postcolonial Muslim Women Writers. Lit Verlag.
- ^ Abduh, Amirullah (2009). "Language policy, identity, and bilingual education in Indonesia: a historical overview". XLinguae. 12: 222.
- ^ "Language Education Policies in Indonesia (2): Indigenous and Foreign Language Education". Language Education Policy Studies.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Wardani, Khusnul. "Kedudukan Bahasa Indonesia dan Eksistensi Bahasa Inggris Dalam Ranah Pendidikan Sebagai Upaya Menjawab Tantangan Global". Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia Universitas Sebelas Maret.
- ^ "Utamakan Bahasa Indonesia, Kuasai Bahasa Asing, Lestarikan Bahasa Daerah".
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Tantangan Bahasa Indonesia di Era Globalisasi".
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Dalimunte, Ahmad Amin (2016). "Implementasi Kebijakan Bahasa dan Implikasinya dalam Penguatan Identitas, Integritas, dan Pluaritas Bangsa". UIN Sumatera Utara.
- ^ Indihadi, Dian. perkembangan bahasa indonesia dalam tataran kebijakan.
- ^ King, Lid (2018). The Impact of Multilingualism on Global Education and Language Learning. p. 2.