User:JLeigh59/DSIF
Article Draft
[edit]
DSIF (DRB Sensitivity Inducing Factor) is a protein complex that can either negatively or positively affect transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II).[2] It can interact with the negative elongation factor (NELF) to promote the stalling of Pol II which is called promoter proximal pausing.[3] The pause occurs soon after initiation, once 20-60 nucleotides have been transcribed.[3] This stalling is relieved by positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) and Pol II enters productive elongation to resume synthesis till finish.[1] In humans, DSIF is composed of hSPT4 and hSPT5.[2] hSPT5 has a direct role in mRNA capping which occurs while the elongation is paused.[4]
SPT5 is preserved in humans to bacteria.[5] SPT4 and SPT5 in yeast are the homologs of hSPT4 and hSPT5.[2] In bacteria, the homologous complex only contains NusG, a Spt5 homolog.[6] Archaea have both proteins.[7]
DSIF plays the same role for HIV-1 gene expression as it would normally in transcription.[8][9] This is because P-TEFb phosphorylates DSIF the same regardless of whether or not P-TEFb goes through normal cellular regulation or bypasses it due to Tat. [10]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Zhou, Qiang; Li, Tiandao; Price, David H. (2012-07-07). "RNA Polymerase II Elongation Control". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 81 (1): 119–143. doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-052610-095910. ISSN 0066-4154. PMC 4273853. PMID 22404626.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ a b c Wada, T.; Takagi, T.; Yamaguchi, Y.; Ferdous, A.; Imai, T.; Hirose, S.; Sugimoto, S.; Yano, K.; Hartzog, G. A.; Winston, F.; Buratowski, S.; Handa, H. (1998-02-01). "DSIF, a novel transcription elongation factor that regulates RNA polymerase II processivity, is composed of human Spt4 and Spt5 homologs". Genes & Development. 12 (3): 343–356. doi:10.1101/gad.12.3.343. ISSN 0890-9369.
- ^ a b Tettey, Theophilus T.; Gao, Xin; Shao, Wanqing; Li, Hua; Story, Benjamin A.; Chitsazan, Alex D.; Glaser, Robert L.; Goode, Zach H.; Seidel, Christopher W.; Conaway, Ronald C.; Zeitlinger, Julia; Blanchette, Marco; Conaway, Joan W. (2019-06-25). "A Role for FACT in RNA Polymerase II Promoter-Proximal Pausing". Cell Reports. 27 (13): 3770–3779.e7. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.099. ISSN 2211-1247.
- ^ Wen, Yingxia; Shatkin, Aaron J. (1999-07-15). "Transcription elongation factor hSPT5 stimulates mRNA capping". Genes & Development. 13 (14): 1774–1779. doi:10.1101/gad.13.14.1774. ISSN 0890-9369. PMC 316881. PMID 10421630.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ Decker, Tim-Michael (2021-07-09). "Mechanisms of Transcription Elongation Factor DSIF (Spt4–Spt5)". Journal of Molecular Biology. RNA polymerase II Transcription. 433 (14): 166657. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2020.09.016. ISSN 0022-2836.
- ^ Yakhnin, Alexander V.; Murakami, Katsuhiko S.; Babitzke, Paul (2016-03-04). "NusG Is a Sequence-specific RNA Polymerase Pause Factor That Binds to the Non-template DNA within the Paused Transcription Bubble*". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 291 (10): 5299–5308. doi:10.1074/jbc.M115.704189. ISSN 0021-9258.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Sanders, Travis J.; Lammers, Marshall; Marshall, Craig J.; Walker, Julie E.; Lynch, Erin R.; Santangelo, Thomas J. (2018-12-27). "TFS and Spt4/5 accelerate transcription through archaeal histone‐based chromatin". Molecular Microbiology. 111 (3): 784–797. doi:10.1111/mmi.14191. ISSN 0950-382X. PMC 6417941. PMID 30592095.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ Zhang, Zhiqiang; Klatt, Alicia; Gilmour, David S.; Henderson, Andrew J. (2007-06-08). "Negative Elongation Factor NELF Represses Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transcription by Pausing the RNA Polymerase II Complex". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 282 (23): 16981–16988. doi:10.1074/jbc.m610688200. ISSN 0021-9258.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Ping, Yueh-Hsin; Rana, Tariq M. (2001-04-20). "DSIF and NELF Interact with RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complex and HIV-1 Tat Stimulates P-TEFb-mediated Phosphorylation of RNA Polymerase II and DSIF during Transcription Elongation". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (16): 12951–12958. doi:10.1074/jbc.m006130200. ISSN 0021-9258.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Zhu, Yuerong; Pe’ery, Tsafrira; Peng, Junmin; Ramanathan, Yegnanarayana; Marshall, Nick; Marshall, Tricia; Amendt, Brad; Mathews, Michael B.; Price, David H. (1997-10-15). "Transcription elongation factor P-TEFb is required for HIV-1 Tat transactivation in vitro". Genes & Development. 11 (20): 2622–2632. doi:10.1101/gad.11.20.2622. ISSN 0890-9369. PMC 316609. PMID 9334325.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
 | This is the sandbox page where you will draft your initial Wikipedia contribution.
If you're starting a new article, you can develop it here until it's ready to go live. If you're working on improvements to an existing article, copy only one section at a time of the article to this sandbox to work on, and be sure to use an edit summary linking to the article you copied from. Do not copy over the entire article. You can find additional instructions here. Remember to save your work regularly using the "Publish page" button. (It just means 'save'; it will still be in the sandbox.) You can add bold formatting to your additions to differentiate them from existing content. |