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Article evaluation

Education portion of the Wikipedia article, "Refugee."

Could possibly make it a "Youth" or "Children" heading and talk about education under that. The reader is lead to believe that the writer thinks refugee children are struggling and treated unfairly. However, he includes factual information for the most part. The statistics are helpful, as well as the example of the actions that schools are taking to confront this issue. The links to the citations work and they appear to come from trustworthy journals and reviews. They support the information that the writer is talking about. Facts are well referenced throughout the article. Some more about the refugee youth's general life could be added and if the students are able to succeed despite the obstacles. There is nothing on the talk page regarding the "Education" part of the article.

Contribution 1 Draft

A time of economic crisis in Spain led to a season of unemployment for young adults. The data ties together since most of the information is gathered from surveys. The events of the 1990s economic crisis help us to understand those of the 2000s. The European economy led many young adults to live in poverty during the 90s. However, in Spain, only a small amount of young adults was living below the poverty line in Spain. They were more likely to leave home for employment rather than because of poverty . Young adults were trapped in a cycle of temporary jobs in Spain. A secondary class of workers was created through reduced wages, job stability and advancement opportunities . These sort of circumstances increase a young adult’s willingness to move for employment. During this time of high unemployment rates, unmarried young adults are found to be most likely to move for work . Later years of economic crisis was thought to have a direct connection to foreign migration. However, the EPA’s research, found that most immigration was in response to the hope of raising their standard of life . Finally, Wolfl’s article suggests ways to address the issue of youth unemployment in Spain. He believes that a decrease in unemployment can occur by making labor market programs and job- search assistance accessible to the most disadvantaged youth, as well as improving the youth labor market in Spain. These are weakness that need to be addressed for improvement of youth unemployment in Spain .

Draft 2

Beginning in the 1990s, and again in the 2000s, Spain experienced periods of economic crisis that led to seasons of unemployment for young adults. Data regarding this subject is most commonly gathered from surveys conducted by the EPA, Spanish Social Security and others. The events of the 1990s economic crisis help in understanding those of the 2000s. Spain’s crisis was part of a larger, Europe-wide economic episode that led many young adults to live in poverty during the 90s. However, only a small amount of young adults was living below the poverty line in Spain. Instead, Spanish youth were more likely to emigrate for employment rather than to escape a life of poverty . Young adults were trapped in a cycle of temporary jobs in Spain. As a result, a secondary class of workers was created through reduced wages, job stability and advancement opportunities . These circumstances increased a young adult’s willingness to seek employment in neighboring countries with more job stability and better economic standings. During this time of high unemployment rates, unmarried young adults are the population that is most likely to move for work . The economic crisis of the 2000s was considered to have been the cause of foreign migration. However, research by Domínguez-Mujica and her peers, found that most immigration was in response to the hope of raising their standard of life . Finally, Wolfl’s article suggests ways to address the issue of youth unemployment in Spain, as this is an ongoing concern. He argues that a decrease in unemployment can occur by making labor market programs and job-search assistance accessible to the most disadvantaged youth, as well as improving the youth labor market in Spain. The youth labor market experienced weaknesses in the school to work transition, making it difficult to find long-term employment. Wolfl suggests making improvements by matching their skills with businesses .

Draft re-write

During the 1990s Spain experienced a period of economic crisis as a result of a larger, Europe-wide economic episode that led to a rise in unemployment rates. Many young adults in Spain often found themselves trapped in a cycle of temporary jobs, which resulted in the creation of a secondary class of workers through reduced wages, job stability and advancement opportunities. As a result many Spaniards, predominantly unmarried young adults, emigrated to other countries in order to pursue job opportunities and raise their standard of life, which left only a small amount of young adults living below the poverty line in Spain. Spain experienced another economic crisis during the 2000s, which also prompted a rise in Spanish citizens emigrating to neighboring countries with more job stability and better economic standings. Youth unemployment remains a concern in Spain, prompting researchers such as Anita Wölfl to suggest that Spain could decrease unemployment by making labor market programs and job-search assistance accessible to the most disadvantaged youth. She has also posited that this would improve Spain's weakened youth labor market, as issues with the school to work transition has made it difficult to find long-term employment. As a solution, Wölfl has suggested making improvements by matching their skills with businesses.

• Jdb322 I've done a little shuffling around of the data and merged some sentences to make it a little tighter. By large this is very good, however you need to be very careful with sourcing as some of the sourcing doesn't show up properly. For example, we don't have any information about the Wolfl source other than the name (since it was in the section) and that it is in ProQuest. The only thing that I've outright removed was the comment about who gathers the data since it felt a little superfluous, as it didn't really give any additional information per se - in other words, it's just sort of a little out of left field. Other than that, I think that this will be ready once you fix the ProQuest Wolfl source. Shalor (Wiki Ed) (talk) 14:10, 17 October 2017 (UTC)

2nd Contribution Draft

A series of studies conducted within the last decade found similar results in students studying abroad in Spain for a short-term and/or semester long program. These studies found that students can improve their speaking proficiency during one semester, there is a positive relationship between students’ integrative motivation and interaction with second language culture, and student contact with the Spanish language has a great effect on their speaking improvement. We especially see these results in students who live with host families during their program. Anne Reynolds-Case found improvements in understanding and usage of the vosotros form after studying in Spain. One study specifically studies culture perceptions of students studying abroad in Spain. Alan Meredith defines culture as consisting “of patterns, explicit and implicit, of and for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievement of human groups, including their embodiments in artifacts.” Questionnaires were given to students living with host families during a two-month program in Spain. He studies how these groups perceive customs, such as concern for personal appearance, physical contact, cooking styles, politics, etc. The study found a variety of results depending the cultural custom. However, the American students’ perceptions most closely aligned with the Young Spaniards (16-22 years old). At the same time, Angela George’s study found little significance in the adoption of regional features during their semester abroad. Though most of these studies focused on students who came from America to study in Spain, the United States is not the only one sending their students. Brian Denman’s article demonstrates an increase of Saudi student mobility for education, including locations such as Spain.

3rd Contribution Draft

for Wikipedia Article "Refugee crisis" under subsection "Europe" following "France"

Since the 1980s Spain has transitioned from a country whose people emigrated to other countries to one of immigration. Immigrants coming into Spain are categorized and ranked by their country of origin according to Spanish immigration law. Depending on the individual's origin country they can receive “preferred” status over other immigrants who are given “outsider” status due to their country of origin, such as Third World countries. Spain has also added more steps to their asylum procedures, which some critics feel makes it too difficult for refugee and asylum seekers to enter and as such serves as a deterrence tool that violates Spain's international obligation to protect this group of people.

Since 2014 the number of refugees seeking asylum in Spain has increased greatly and Spain has received criticism for what has been perceived as a failure to keep up with these numbers. As of September 2017 Spain has offered asylum to 17,337 refugees, only 744 of which were received in the country by July 2017. In 2016 the Pew Research Center found that from July 2015 to May 2016 there was an increase in percentage point of the refugee population in many European countries, however Spain was one of the few that experienced a decrease. The difficulty with refugees successfully immigrating to Spain has lead to some researchers such as Kitty Calavita to suggest that the country's marginalization and social and economic exclusion are primarily produced by law, rather than culture.