User:Jrod.engl1302/Ecological impact of explosives
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TNT, RDX, and HMX
[edit]TNT Impact
[edit]A radioactive explosion results in fallout where particles arise from impact of nuclear explosives which causes its chemicals to arise and settle into earth's soil [1]. Explosives such as TNT are shown to not cause any “serious” damage to soil depending on soil types and TNT exposure. However, in another experiment it was proven that wastewater contaminated with TNT can cause photo-toxicity [2]. 70% of TNT exposure dissolves in with the soil, leaving only 30% soil clear of toxins allowing plant life to continue on in limited areas [3]. When the explosive TNT is released, the hydrogen atom is replaced with electrophile which prevents oxidative attacks. Moreover, the explosives itself causes a negative reaction in its uncooperation to biodegradation [4]. Soils contaminated with TNT chemicals are hard to distract from the earth without completely removing the soils and its surrounding sprouted plant life. Few studies have been conducted and in result few solutions have been found, such as: active chemicals, soil washing, and more all result to be highly expensive and also lead to negative results such as toxic gasses being released into the atmosphere [5].
References
[edit]- ^ "fallout | nuclear physics | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2022-04-20.
- ^ Chatterjee, Soumya; Deb, Utsab; Datta, Sibnarayan; Walther, Clemens; Gupta, Dharmendra K. (2017-10-01). "Common explosives (TNT, RDX, HMX) and their fate in the environment: Emphasizing bioremediation". Chemosphere. 184: 438–451. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.008. ISSN 0045-6535.
- ^ Erkelens, Mason; Adetutu, Eric M.; Taha, Mohamed; Tudararo-Aherobo, Laurelta; Antiabong, John; Provatas, Arthur; Ball, Andrew S. (2012-11-15). "Sustainable remediation – The application of bioremediated soil for use in the degradation of TNT chips". Journal of Environmental Management. 110: 69–76. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.05.022. ISSN 0301-4797.
- ^ Thijs, Sofie; Van Dillewijn, Pieter; Sillen, Wouter; Truyens, Sascha; Holtappels, Michelle; D´Haen, Jan; Carleer, Robert; Weyens, Nele; Ameloot, Marcel; Ramos, Juan-Luis; Vangronsveld, Jaco (2014-10-07). "Exploring the rhizospheric and endophytic bacterial communities of Acer pseudoplatanus growing on a TNT-contaminated soil: towards the development of a rhizocompetent TNT-detoxifying plant growth promoting consortium". Plant and Soil. 385 (1–2): 15–36. doi:10.1007/s11104-014-2260-0. ISSN 0032-079X.
- ^ Ayoub, Kaidar; van Hullebusch, Eric D.; Cassir, Michel; Bermond, Alain (2010-06-15). "Application of advanced oxidation processes for TNT removal: A review". Journal of Hazardous Materials. 178 (1): 10–28. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.02.042. ISSN 0304-3894.