User:Kats50/Awaous stamineus

(added from submitted Word doc by Instructor)

Also, the author of this article made likely unknowingly a new article as shown below in Wikipedia. However, there is already an article on Awaous stamineus, so the info below needs to be integrated what is already there and the ʻoʻopu nakea article needs to be deleted)

Comments by A Faucci (Apr 13):

• Great work overall!
• See my suggestions for deletions (strikethrough) or additions (underlined)
• Make sure you add each section to the actual article on WIkipedia (link) and donʻt make a new one
• Nice work in using the "cite function to cite your references, but there seems to be something funny about the formatting. reach out if you need help or watch some of the help videos on how to do that properly. Just delete the actual reference in text as it is not needed. Also, if the little letter is at the end of a sentence it goes after the "." (donʻt ask me why, just one of those rules)
• Description and Biology section: I would start with the description first, then talk about the biology (like what they eat etc.)
• I have a photo a friend took from Kauai I will add to the article once its on the main page.

‘O‘opu nakea

‘O‘opu nakea

Description and Biology

They ‘O‘opu nakea are omnivores. Analyses of their gut volume have shown to have consist 84% consist of filamentous algae and the other 16% of chironomids (non-biting midges), gut volume, and animal matter (Anne M. Brasher, 1996, Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit). ‘O‘opu nakea is are about 14 inches long and have white streaks with speckles and a dark olive color (Margaret Titcomb and Mary Kawena Pukui, 1951, Native Use Of Fish In Hawaii). They lay eggs downstream where the males and females guard the nest. The males make the nest and attract the females who then lay one clutch a year (Hawai‘i State Wildlife Action Plan, 2015, Freshwater Fishes).

Distribution and Habitat

‘O‘opu nakea are found in slow-moving waters especially on Kaua‘i during their annual spawning run to the stream mouth (Anne M. Brasher, 1996, Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit). ‘O‘opu nakea swim-up stream between 10 to 200 feet in strong currents. (Delwyn S Oki, Reuben H. Wolff, and Jeff A. Perreault, 2006, Effects of Surface-Water Diversion and Ground-Water Withdrawal on Streamflow and Habitat, Punaluu Stream, Oahu, Hawaii) They have a lot of predators such as birds like the ‘auku‘u (Black-crowned night heron) and other fishes like āholehole (dark-margined flagtail), ulua (trevallies), moi (pacific threadfin), and kākü (Sphyraena barracuda). (Bishop Museum, 2010, Fish: Native species).

Human use and Cultural Significance

They are eaten raw or cooked and. The usual way to eat them is by salting them for 12 hours. (Margaret Titcomb and Mary Kawena Pukui, 1951, Native Use Of Fish In Hawaii), then wrap them in ti leaves and place them over hot coals. (Margaret Titcomb and Mary Kawena Pukui, 1951, Native Use Of Fish In Hawaii).

Reference

Anne M. Brasher, 1996, Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit

Margaret Titcomb and Mary Kawena Pukui, 1951, Native Use Of Fish In Hawaii

Hawai‘i State Wildlife Action Plan, 2015, Freshwater Fishes

Delwyn S Oki, Reuben H. Wolff, and Jeff A. Perreault, 2006, Effects of Surface-Water Diversion and Ground-Water Withdrawal on Streamflow and Habitat, Punaluu Stream, Oahu, Hawaii

Bishop Museum, 2010, Fish: Native species