User:Khiggin1/Drug rehabilitation

The definition of recovery remains divided and subjective in drug rehabilitation, as there are no set standards for measuring recovery. The Betty Ford Institute defined recovery as achieving complete abstinence as well as personal well-being while other studies have considered "near abstinence" as a definition. The wide range of meanings has complicated the process of choosing rehabilitation programs. The Recovery Model originates in the psychiatric survivor movement in the USA, which argues that receiving a certain diagnoses can be stigmatizing and disempowering. While other treatment programs are focused on remission or a cure for substance abuse, the Recovery Model takes a humanistic approach to help people navigate addiction. Some characteristics of the Recovery Model are social inclusion, empowerment to overcome substance use, focusing on strengths of the client instead of their deficits and providing help living more fulfilling lives in the presence of symptoms of addiction. Another key component of the Recovery Model is the collaborative relationship between client and provider in developing the client's path to abstinence. Under the Recovery Model a program is personally designed to meet an individual clients needs, and does not include a standard set of steps one must go through.

The Recovery Model uses integral theory, a four part approach focusing on the individual, the collective society, along with individual and external factors. The four quadrants corresponding with each in Integral Theory are Consciousness, Behavior, Culture and Systems. Quadrant One deals with the neurological aspect of addiction. Quadrant Two focuses on building self-esteem and a feeling of connectedness, sometimes through spirituality. Quadrant three works on mending the "eroded relationships" caused by active addiction. Quadrant Four often involves facing the harsh consequences of drug use such as unemployment, legal discrepancies, or eviction. The use of integral theory aims to break the dichotomy of "using" or "not using" and focuses instead on emotional, spiritual, and intellectual growth, along with physical wellness.

Behavioral models make use of principles of functional analysis of drinking behavior. Behavior models exist for both working with the person using the substance (community reinforcement approach) and their family (community reinforcement approach and family training). Both these models have had considerable research success for both efficacy and effectiveness. This model lays much emphasis on the use of problem-solving techniques as a means of helping the addict to overcome his/her addiction.

The way researchers think about how addictions are formed shapes the models we have. Four main Behavioral Models of addiction exist: the Moral Model, Disease Model, Socio-Cultural Model and Psycho-dynamic Model. The Moral Model of addiction theorizes that addiction is a moral weakness and that it is the sole fault of the person for becoming addicted. Supporters of the Moral Model view drug use as a choice, even for those who are addicted, and addicts as people of bad character. Disease Model of addiction frames substance abuse as ‘a chronic relapsing disease that changes the structure and function of the brain’.Research conducted on the neurobiological factors of addiction has proven to have mixed results, and the only treatment idea it offers is abstinence.The Socio-Cultural Model tries to provide an explanation of how certain populations are more susceptible to substance abuse than others. It focuses on how discrimination, poor quality of life, lack of opportunity and other problems common in marginalized communities can make them vulnerable to addiction.The Psycho-Dynamic Model looks at trauma and mental illness as a precursor to addiction. Many rehabilitation centers treat "co-occuring" disorders, which refer to substance abuse disorder paired with a mental health diagnosis.

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RESPONSE TO PEER REVIEWS: I went over my article and corrected the spelling and grammatical errors pointed out by Sok18. I did not change the reference article citation that was mentioned because if you click on in-text citation, it directs you to the correct journal and article. I elected to not add to the "behavioral models" section because I would like to finish the Recovery Model section before I begin another. In Angb2015's peer review, they mentioned that I needed more sources and to add more detail to what I already had. I did add two more sources and tried to go further in detail about the basis of the model. I added a picture to further explain what i had mentioned about quadrants in integral theory. I did add the link on "integral theory" to go to the creator of the concept because I wanted to give it context, but the wikipedia page for that subject was not verified. Would it be better to not link it at all?

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