User:Laceymartin17/Portuguese oyster
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Crassostrea angulata, commonly known as the Portuguese oyster, is a species of oyster that is native to the south-western coast of Europe, known as the Iberian Peninsula. [1] It is a member of the phylum Mollusca, the class Bivalvia, and the family Ostreidae. [2] The Portuguese oyster is an important commercial and ecological species.
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Taxonomy
Crassostrea angulata was first described by the French naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in 1819. It belongs to the phylum Mollusca, class Bivalvia, order Ostreoida, and family Ostreidae. The genus Crassostrea contains several other important oyster species, including the Pacific oyster (C. gigas) and the American oyster (C. virginica).[3]
Morphology
The Portuguese oyster has a shell that is roughly triangular in shape, with a maximum length of 10-15 cm. The shell is composed of two valves that are joined by a hinge ligament. The exterior of the shell is generally rough and irregular, with prominent ridges and grooves. The interior of the shell is smooth and pearlescent, with a deep cup-shaped depression that holds the soft body of the animal.[3]
Habitat
The Portuguese oyster is typically found in intertidal and subtidal habitats, where it attaches itself to hard substrates such as rocks, boulders, and other oyster shells. It is a euryhaline species, meaning that it is able to tolerate a wide range of salinity levels. In its native range, it occurs in estuaries and bays with a salinity range of 25-35 ppt.[1]
Ecology
The Portuguese oyster is a filter feeder, using its gills to extract phytoplankton and other small particles from the surrounding water. It is an important ecological species, providing habitat and food for a wide range of other organisms. It is also an important bioindicator species, as it is sensitive to changes in water quality and pollution.[4][1]
Fisheries
The Portuguese oyster has been an important commercial species in Europe for centuries. It is cultivated using a variety of methods, including bottom culture, floating culture, and rack and bag culture.[4] In recent years, the species has been impacted by the spread of a parasitic disease known as Gill Disease, which has caused significant mortality in oyster populations in France, Spain, and Portugal. This causes gill erosion corresponding with high mortality rates of the oyster in certain populations. [5]
Conservation status
The Portuguese oyster is listed as a species of "Least Concern" on the IUCN Red List, as it is considered to be a widespread and abundant species with no known major threats.[6] However, local populations have been impacted by overfishing, habitat loss, and disease outbreaks, and conservation efforts are ongoing to protect and restore oyster populations in affected areas.[7]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c Michinina, Sagrario; Rebordinos, Laureana (1997). "Genetic Differentiation in Marine and Estuarine Natural Populations of Crassostrea Angulata" (PDF). Marine Ecology Progress Series. 154: 167–174.
- ^ "Portuguese oyster - Facts, Diet, Habitat & Pictures on Animalia.bio". animalia.bio. Retrieved 2023-04-14.
- ^ a b Lu, Jia-chi (2012). "The growth and reproduction of the Portuguese oyster, Crassostrea angulata, in Taixi and Qigu, Taiwan".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b Lapegue, Sylvie; Batista, Frederico; Heurtebise, Serge; Yu, Ziniu; Boudry, Pierre (2004). "Evidence for the Presence of the Portuguese Oyster, Crassostrea Angulata, in Northern China" (PDF). Journal of Shellfish Record. 23 (3): 759–763.
- ^ Government of Canada, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (2018-12-04). "Gill Disease of Portuguese Oyster". www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-04-14.
- ^ "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". 2023.
- ^ "Fish and Overfishing". Our World in Data. Retrieved 2023-04-14.