User:Lexisioda/sandbox

Week 13:

\Main Article: Shark tooth

1st paragraph

A shark tooth is one of the numerous teeth of a shark. Sharks are a great model organism to study teeth because they continually produce highly mineralized tissues. Sharks constantly shed their teeth and replace their them through a tooth replacement system. Through this system, sharks replace their teeth relatively quickly with replacement teeth that are ready to rotate because their teeth get damaged a lot with their live prey. They will replace teeth that are broken and young sharks can even replace their teeth weekly. Although sharks constantly shed their teeth, factors such as water temperature affect the turnover rate. While warmer water temperatures produced faster rates, cold water temperatures slowed tooth replacement rates in nurse sharks. Several studies suggest that sharks are able to replace their teeth once a week because they grow in the gum tissue unlike most vertebrates that grow their teeth in alveoli. They are only shed once new teeth are formed underneath and push them out of the connective tissue that was holding them in place. There are four basic types of shark teeth: dense flattened, needle-like, pointed lower with triangular upper, and non-functional. The type of tooth that a shark has depends on its diet and feeding habits. The sex of the shark also plays a role in the development of teeth and the differences in teeth in species due to gender is called sexual heterodonty. Usually, females have larger teeth because on average they are usually larger than males. Also, age can change the shape of teeth in which "juvenile teeth start out more narrow and robust, while adult teeth are broader and thinner".

3rd paragraph

Fossilized evidence of teeth have dated back to almost 450 million years ago indicating the most ancient types of sharks occurred during the Late Ordovician period.

Types and functions

Dense flattened teeth - add citation

Dense flattened teeth are used to crush prey like bivalves and crustaceans.

Needle-like teeth

Carcharodon megalodon fossil shark jaw (reconstruction) (late Cenozoic)

add citation to first sentence.

*Add image by transitional teeth

History of discovery

add citation to tongue stones sentence.

Pointed lower teeth and triangular upper teeth

add citation after swallow the pieces.

Non-functional teeth

Basking sharks feed by swimming towards its prey with its mouth open and straining their food. Through this process the shark is able to successfully eat hundreds of pounds of zooplankton each day. Whale sharks feed by using rakers on their gill bars and strain them from their gill slits after sweeping krill and other prey into its mouth. source: https://www.paleosoc.org/assets/docs/Fossil_Shark_Teeth.pdf

Main Article: Denticle

Week 12: Proposed edits

Proposed edits for Shark tooth page:

This page has a lot of great information however it still lacks a lot of citations. I will continue to add citations especially in the areas that indicate that it needs citations. Overall though the images all were very helpful and I appreciated how the article already had headings for different sections. They way that the page was formatted made sense and not much more detail was needed in the later sections of counting and how they are identified since they summed up the processes very well. I will go through again ensuring that there are no grammatical errors.

Week 11: Images/Draft 2

Main Article: Shark tooth

1st paragraph

A shark tooth is one of the numerous teeth of a shark. Sharks are a great model organism to study teeth because they continually produce highly mineralized tissues. Although sharks constantly shed their teeth, factors such as water temperature affect the turnover rate. While warmer water temperatures produced faster rates, cold water temperatures slowed tooth replacement rates in nurse sharks. Several studies suggest that sharks are able to replace their teeth once a week because they grow in the gum tissue unlike most vertebrates that grow their teeth in alveoli. They are only shed once new teeth are formed underneath and push them out of the connective tissue that was holding them in place. There are four basic types of shark teeth: dense flattened, needle-like, pointed lower with triangular upper, and non-functional. The type of tooth that a shark has depends on its diet and feeding habits. The sex of the shark also plays a role in the development of teeth and the differences in teeth in species due to gender is called sexual heterodonty. Usually, females have larger teeth because on average they are usually larger than males. Also, age can change the shape of teeth in which "juvenile teeth start out more narrow and robust, while adult teeth are broader and thinner".

3rd paragraph

Fossilized evidence of teeth have dated back to almost 450 million years ago indicating the most ancient types of sharks occurred during the Late Ordovician period.

Types and functions

Dense flattened teeth - add citation

Dense flattened teeth are used to crush prey like bivalves and crustaceans.

Needle-like teeth

Carcharodon megalodon fossil shark jaw (reconstruction) (late Cenozoic)

*Add image by transitional teeth

source: https://www.paleosoc.org/assets/docs/Fossil_Shark_Teeth.pdf

Main Article: Denticle

Week 9: Feedback Responses

Alexia Sioda

After reading my peer's feedback on my first draft edits, I have a few edits in mind to improve my draft.

Fixing grammatical mistakes/wording:

• For example, in my last sentence of my last paragraph I will fix "an" to "and"
• Also, I will fix my wording "Sharks have a constant shedding of their teeth" to "Sharks shed their teeth often..."
• Change my wording in my first sentence to ensure that I am staying neutral. I will eliminate the word "fascinating"

Add media/image:

• I will search for a good image that supplements my topic on shark teeth. I am planning on finding one that shows a full image of a shark jaw.

Structure of draft:

• I will keep the format similar without cutting and pasting the original section into your sandbox and then putting your edited version underneath because this could make my draft confusing and hard to follow. I included the page that I am making edits to right before and using the cross out function to indicate what I want to delete from the main article.

Citations:

• Find a citation for the sentence that explains "35,000 teeth in a lifetime"

Week 8: Peer Reviews

Ornithologists Group Sandbox

Peer Review: Alexia

Overall your page is very easy to follow and the parts that each member is contributing is clearly made. I like the format that both of you made for the page along with the alignment of your images.

Allie

Great use of images I appreciate the very clear and concise descriptions that you put under both. I like how you use the cross-out method that clearly distinguishes the edits that you are making to the paper. One suggestion that I have is that instead of bullet points you could list them and bold the five terms or number them if you want to keep them in a list format. Your sources are credible for the most part. I would try to stick to using peer-reviewed journal articles to obtain information for your page instead of websites.

Janet

The images that you included supplement your articles and edits very well. You made some great edits that added to the overall understanding of the syrinx. There were only a few grammatical errors such as the first sentence needs to be reworded a bit. Your journal article that you linked is a great credible source and I think if you found another one this would add more credibility to the paper as well by not going off just one source. Also, the link you have for syrinx goes to the wrong syrinx paper and could be an easy fix by making sure it links to the proper page.

Herpetologists Group Sandbox

Peer Review: Alexia

Abbie

Great job with your edits I was a bit confused with some of your quotations and if that was information you changed or was originally from the paper. For the description section I might suggest on adding some context it felt a little like a list, but also it could stay the same because it was very clear and easy to read. Also, great catch with the webbed feet and aquatic frogs.

I reviewed your sources and the last few look like great peer-review articles. However, the first couple are from websites and I might recommend finding journal articles to find that information since some websites can misleading information. Also, I was not sure if you meant to add in the diet subheading since it did not have information under it.

Kelly

Great use of images they really elevate your section on neck retraction. I also appreciate that you labeled them and are formatted well on the page.

Reading over your sections I was not entirely sure what specific contributions and edits you made to the paper. If you could potentially make a clear distinction I think it would be easier to navigate instead of having to reference the main page.

Also, good job on using credible sources I went through them and all the information was gathered from reputable papers. There were a few that were from websites and I might suggest that you find peer-reviewed articles to find that information since websites can be biased.

I have a few suggestions regarding some of the information your included. In your head section, it would be great if you added more information on cryptodires since you explain that pleurodira have flat broad skulls, but did not explain cyptodires. Also, I am curious if land and sea turtles have different nose structures. In the neck retraction section, I think some of your sentences could be condensed since a few of them repeat the same information. For example you mention a couple times that retraction is for feeding purposes. In the shell section I think it might be a good addition to link the dorsal page with the word dorsal so then you could take out the explanation of it. For me the explanation could be distracting attention away from the actual information you explain.

Olunia

Great job making your specific edits very clear. I checked your sources and they all look credible from peer reviewed journal articles.

I also like the images that you included however I am not sure if the picture of the lake supplements the paper. Also, I was not sure if you meant to add in the heading captive care at the end because I did not see additional edits. I found a couple typos that could be easy edits such as the repeated "when" from the sentence with using the 26th source. I think your plan to add more information about the development of Axolotls is a good idea and is much needed.

Week 6: Draft

Main Article: Shark tooth

A shark tooth is one of the numerous teeth of a shark. Shark teeth are a very fascinating study subject because they are highly mineralized tissues that are continually being produced by sharks. Sharks have a constant shedding of their teeth and for example, Carcharhiniformes shed approximately 35,000 teeth in a lifetime, replacing those that fall out. Several studies suggest that sharks are able to replace their teeth once a week because they grow in the gum tissue unlike most vertebrates that grow their teeth in alveoli. They are only shed once new teeth are formed underneath and push them out of the connective tissue that was holding them in place. There are four basic types of shark teeth: dense flattened, needle-like, pointed lower with triangular upper, and non-functional. The type of tooth that a shark has depends on its diet and feeding habits.

Fossilized evidence of teeth have dated back to almost 450 million years ago indicating the most ancient types of sharks occurred during the Late Ordovician period.

The sex of the shark also plays a role in the development of teeth and the differences in teeth in species due to gender is called sexual heterodonty. Usually, females have larger teeth because on average they are usually larger than males. Also, age can change the shape of teeth in which "juvenile teeth start out more narrow ad robust, while adult teeth are broader and thinner".

source: https://www.paleosoc.org/assets/docs/Fossil_Shark_Teeth.pdf

Main Article: Denticle

Week 5:

1. topics
   • shark skin functions
   • shark teeth
2. articles
   • Denticle
   • Shark tooth
   • Hyaline cartilage
   • Poikilotherm
3. images or other media
   • Went to https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
4. References:
   • denticle size and hydrodynamics
   • Structure of teeth

Week 4: Choosing Wikipedia pages

1. Shark
   • I am very curious to learn more about sharks because I took a marine ecology class during J-term and we learned that a lot about different environments of the ocean and I am curious to learn more about the animals that inhabit it. I am especially interested in learning more about how they are being affected by environmental factors such as increasingly ocean acidification and temperatures and the conservation efforts being made to combat those such as Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Sharks. Also, I want to look more into how sharks are affected by human practices such as shark culling which is not discussed as much Western Australian shark cull. Additionally, I want to research more about shark Poikilotherm which is briefly mentioned and I am curious how this works for other animals as well.
2. Shark anatomy
   • I am very intrigued by shark anatomy because I feel like in a lot of my other classes we focus on the anatomy of humans and I want to learn more about the different anatomical features sharks have. I want to add more to the section talking about shark skin and explain more about why this might be advantageous to them since it does not explain their skin thoroughly on the Denticle. Also, I think it is necessary to work on the Shark tooth page because it is lacking a lot of information plus I find their teeth growth patterns very fascinating. Another page that I want to focus on is Hyaline cartilage and its function for sharks and other animals that have this.
3. Cat anatomy
   • I have always been curious to learn more about cats because I am thinking about getting one in the near future and it would be great to understand more about how they function. One area that I am thinking about focusing on is their Lingual papillae which does not have much information about on Wikipedia and I am curious to learn more about why they adapted to have this. Also, another interesting attribute of cats is their nose, Rhinarium, and how different it is compared to the rest of their body which is covered with fur. Additionally, I want to look more into Cat senses specifically their sense in smell which is incredibly more sensitive than humans.

Week 3: Group discussion

Blog posts and press releases are considered poor sources of reliable information. Why?

Blog posts are very opinionated making them not very trustworthy sources of information because they can stretch the truth. Also, they often lack professionalism that most scholarly articles have and are also often sponsored and endorsed by companies to push a certain idea even though it may not be as relevant or correct as another idea. Additionally, blogs can make money off their advertising and so their goals can be shifted from a focus of spreading correct information to making money and some information may be more fabricated that it actually is in an attempt to grasp more people's attention. The problems of creditability are often very similar in press releases as well because they can often be biased and may not be entirely accurate information.

What are some reasons you might not want to use a company's website as the main source of information about that company?

Using a company's website as a main source of information about the company does not always provide the most accurate information. This is because the company creates the website and tries to present itself in the best way possible even if they are not doing everything they are claiming to do. A company's main goal is to sell products or gain followers so they will leave out details that may make people weary of the company and will not include any negatives associated with it. This is when outside information and scholarly sources on the company can come in handy by providing facts about what the company is actually doing and whether or not they are actually upholding their company morals and goals.

What is the difference between a copyright violation and plagiarism?

A copyright violation is when someone is copying the work of another and they are unlicensed to do so, making them subject to copyright. Plagiarism on the other hand is taking credit for another's ideas without crediting them properly. Plagiarism is not illegal, but is an offense against the author. Copyright is usually very specific and whenever a very specific phrase is mentioned they are subject to it, whereas with plagiarism it is the concepts and does not have to be word for word. This makes plagiarism very common in the writing world and is often done so unintentionally.

What are some good techniques to avoid close paraphrasing and plagiarism?

Some good techniques to avoid close paraphrasing and plagiarism is to read a paper through and afterwards write a summary without consulting the paper to ensure that you are not inserting certain phrases or sentences structures used in the paper. Also, with the summaries it may be a good idea to write one sentence summaries of paragraphs to ensure that you are understanding the paper and able to write the ideas in a different way. Also, if you do end up wanting to include a certain phrase or idea expressed in the paper it is always a good idea to use quotation marks or give credit to the author to be safe.

Week 2: Article Evaluation

The article that I will be reviewing is: Shark

Questions to consider:

Is everything in the article relevant to the article topic? Is there anything that distracted you?

I believe that the article starts off with a great background to sharks. They describe how they have evolved and includes details about where they generally live, range in size, and a few characteristics. The only thing I do not know if it was that relevant was when they talked about Finding Nemo and Austin Powers, but this does add a human perspective of how they can be seen.

Is the article neutral? Are there any claims, or frames, that appear heavily biased toward a particular position?

The article seems to be unbiased stating facts about the sharks. No opinions are stated in the article.

Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented?

No viewpoints were very overrepresented but it did include a lot of different names of sharks without going into much detail about them and often felt like a list of them and I am not sure if all of them were necessary.

Check a few citations. Are they properly formatted? Do the links work? Does the source support the claims in the article?

I checked a few of the citations and they seem to be properly formatted and the links work. Those sources also support the points made in the article.

Is each fact referenced with an appropriate, reliable reference? Where does the information come from? Are these neutral sources? If biased, is that bias noted?

The facts that I checked were referenced properly by scientific articles. They seemed to be neutral sources

Are there any instances of plagiarism on the page?

I did not find any instances of plagiarism on the page.

Is any information out of date? Is anything missing that could be added?

The information does not seem out of date, but possibly more information could be added explaining how sharks are being affected by anthropogenic measures that are so prevalent in the ocean. They briefly mentioned pollution, but I believe they could have expanded on this.

Check out the Talk page of the article. What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic?

The conversations on the article's talk page are very neutral and will either ask to change a certain word in the section or offer additional references for a topic.

How is the article rated? Is it a part of any WikiProjects?

The article has been listed as one of the Natural sciences good articles as well as a level-4 vital article in biology. The article has been duplicated by external publication with the source Griffin Technology shark. It has also been the subject of Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment between 24 August 2020 and 5 December 2020 and 17 February 2021 and 28 May 2021.

How does the way Wikipedia discusses this topic differ from the way we've talked about it in class?

One thing I found different about this topic than discussed in class is it brings up the etymology and goes into depth of who created the word and the dictionaries that it is in.

Week 2: Discussion: What's a content gap? (Group Work)

Wikipedians often talk about "content gaps." What do you think a content gap is, and what are some possible ways to identify them? - Content gaps are when information is missing in a topic researched. Some possible ways to identify them is to go to a topic that needs improvement and see if your questions are answered and how well they are.

What are some reasons a content gap might arise? What are some ways to remedy them? - These can arise because a student might not be interested in a specific topic or do not know that they should go more in depth in a certain area. A way to remedy this is to do research on this topic using reputable sources and making edits.

Does it matter who writes Wikipedia? - Anyone can edit Wikipedia as long as you can provide evidence and are using reputable sources. The main goal of Wikipedia is to provide information for the good of the people and there are no real rules as long as you are not purposefully trying to spread misinformation.

What does it mean to be "unbiased" on Wikipedia? How is that different, or similar, to your own definition of "bias"? - Do not try to persuade anyone about a certain topic and only provide facts. This is similar to my own definition of bias where only truth is to be spread without manipulation.