User:Lin linao/Mapudungun Swadesh list
Swadesh list of 207 words in English and Mapudungun.
Presentation
[edit]- For further information, read the article: Swadesh list
The Swadesh word list, developed by the linguist Morris Swadesh, is used as a tool to study the evolution of languages. It contains a set of basic words which can be found in every language. Various versions have been created, in particular:
- a complete 207 words version, in which some of the words are not found in every environment (it contains for instance snake and snow)
- a reduced 100 words version.
This word list should not be considered as an elementary lexicon to communicate with speakers of a given language; for such a purpose, the numerous existing Wikitravel lexicons are more useful. Its only objective is to give a rough idea of the language, by showing its lexical and, when possible, phonetics basis.
List
[edit]| No. | English | Mapudungun mapudungun |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | iñche |
| 2 | you (singular) | eymi |
| 3 | he | fey |
| 4 | we | iñchiñ |
| 5 | you (plural) | eymün |
| 6 | they | fey (engün) |
| 7 | this | tüfa |
| 8 | that | tie |
| 9 | here | tüfamew |
| 10 | there | tiemew |
| 11 | who | iñey (interrogative) |
| 12 | what | chem (interrogative) |
| 13 | where | chew (interrogative) |
| 14 | when | chumül (interrogative) |
| 15 | how | chum (interrogative) |
| 16 | not | -la-, -nu- (-no-), -kil-, nu (no) |
| 17 | all | fill |
| 18 | many | fentren |
| 19 | some | kiñeke |
| 20 | few | püchintu |
| 21 | other | ka |
| 22 | one | kiñe |
| 23 | two | epu |
| 24 | three | küla |
| 25 | four | meli |
| 26 | five | kechu |
| 27 | big | füta |
| 28 | long | wif |
| 29 | wide | fütarume |
| 30 | thick | püd |
| 31 | heavy | |
| 32 | small | püchi |
| 33 | short | püchi |
| 34 | narrow | püchirume |
| 35 | thin | pellüf |
| 36 | woman | domo, ullcha |
| 37 | man (adult male) | wentru |
| 38 | man (human being) | che |
| 39 | child | pichiche |
| 40 | wife | kure |
| 41 | husband | füta |
| 42 | mother | ñuke |
| 43 | father | chaw |
| 44 | animal | kulliñ |
| 45 | fish | challwa |
| 46 | bird | üñüm |
| 47 | dog | trewa |
| 48 | louse | tün |
| 49 | snake | filu |
| 50 | worm | piru |
| 51 | tree | aliwen |
| 52 | forest | lemu |
| 53 | stick | |
| 54 | fruit | |
| 55 | seed | fün |
| 56 | leaf | tapül |
| 57 | root | folil |
| 58 | bark (of a tree) | |
| 59 | flower | rayen |
| 60 | grass | kachu |
| 61 | rope | def |
| 62 | skin | trawa |
| 63 | meat | |
| 64 | blood | mollfüñ |
| 65 | bone | foro |
| 66 | fat (noun) | yiwiñ |
| 67 | egg | kuram |
| 68 | horn | müta |
| 69 | tail | külen |
| 70 | feather | pichuñ |
| 71 | hair | kal longko |
| 72 | head | longko |
| 73 | ear | pilun |
| 74 | eye | nge |
| 75 | nose | yu |
| 76 | mouth | wün |
| 77 | tooth | foro |
| 78 | tongue (organ) | kewün |
| 79 | fingernail | wili |
| 80 | foot | namun |
| 81 | leg | chang |
| 82 | knee | luku |
| 83 | hand | küwü, kug |
| 84 | wing | müpü |
| 85 | belly | pütra |
| 86 | guts | |
| 87 | neck | pel |
| 88 | back | furi |
| 89 | breast | ruku |
| 90 | heart | piwke |
| 91 | liver | ke |
| 92 | to drink | püton |
| 93 | to eat | in |
| 94 | to bite | |
| 95 | to suck | fochidü |
| 96 | to spit | tofkü |
| 97 | to vomit | rapi |
| 98 | to blow | pimu |
| 99 | to breathe | |
| 100 | to laugh | |
| 101 | to see | pen |
| 102 | to hear | allkütun |
| 103 | to know | kimün |
| 104 | to think | rakiduamün |
| 105 | to smell | |
| 106 | to fear | llüka |
| 107 | to sleep | umawtun |
| 108 | to live | mongen |
| 109 | to die | lan |
| 110 | to kill | langümün |
| 111 | to fight | kewa |
| 112 | to hunt | |
| 113 | to hit | |
| 114 | to cut | katrün |
| 115 | to split | wüdkan |
| 116 | to stab | |
| 117 | to scratch | |
| 118 | to dig | rünga |
| 119 | to swim | weyelün |
| 120 | to fly | müpü |
| 121 | to walk | trekan |
| 122 | to come | akun |
| 123 | to lie (as in a bed) | |
| 124 | to sit | anün |
| 125 | to stand | |
| 126 | to turn (intransitive) | |
| 127 | to fall | fulinagün |
| 128 | to give | elun |
| 129 | to hold | |
| 130 | to squeeze | füyemü |
| 131 | to rub | |
| 132 | to wash | küchan |
| 133 | to wipe | liftun |
| 134 | to pull | |
| 135 | to push | pelün |
| 136 | to throw | |
| 137 | to tie | |
| 138 | to sew | ñidüfün |
| 139 | to count | rakin |
| 140 | to say | pin |
| 141 | to sing | ülkantun |
| 142 | to play | kuden |
| 143 | to float | |
| 144 | to flow | |
| 145 | to freeze | |
| 146 | to swell | poi |
| 147 | sun | antü |
| 148 | moon | küyen |
| 149 | star | wangülen |
| 150 | water | ko |
| 151 | rain | mawün |
| 152 | river | lewfü |
| 153 | lake | lafken |
| 154 | sea | lafken |
| 155 | salt | chadi |
| 156 | stone | kura |
| 157 | sand | kuyüm |
| 158 | dust | trufür |
| 159 | earth | mapu |
| 160 | cloud | tromü |
| 161 | fog | trukur |
| 162 | sky | wenu |
| 163 | wind | kürüf |
| 164 | snow | pire |
| 165 | ice | |
| 166 | smoke | fitrun |
| 167 | fire | kütral |
| 168 | ash | trufken |
| 169 | to burn | |
| 170 | road | rüpü |
| 171 | mountain | mawida |
| 172 | red | kelü |
| 173 | green | karü |
| 174 | yellow | choz |
| 175 | white | lig, liüg, fülang |
| 176 | black | kurü |
| 177 | night | pün |
| 178 | day | antü |
| 179 | year | tripantu |
| 180 | warm | |
| 181 | cold | |
| 182 | full | |
| 183 | new | we |
| 184 | old | |
| 185 | good | küme |
| 186 | bad | weda |
| 187 | rotten | funa |
| 188 | dirty | |
| 189 | straight | itro |
| 190 | round | chüngküd |
| 191 | sharp (as a knife) | |
| 192 | dull (as a knife) | |
| 193 | smooth | |
| 194 | wet | |
| 195 | dry | |
| 196 | correct | nor, ad |
| 197 | near | ina |
| 198 | far | |
| 199 | right | man |
| 200 | left | wele |
| 201 | at | mew |
| 202 | in | mew |
| 203 | with | mew, engu |
| 204 | and | ka, engu |
| 205 | if | |
| 206 | because | |
| 207 | name | üy |