User:Lmn23/Anandamide
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Peer-review feedback: My peer's gave me really good feedback! I will be adding more citations, as well as add to the lead to set up the article better. I will also be adding clarification of some abbreviations.
Article Draft
[edit]Lead
[edit]Anandamide (ANA), also known as N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA), an N-acylethanolamine (NAE), is a fatty acid neurotransmitter. Anandamide was the first endocannabinoid to be discovered: it participates in the body's endocannabinoid system by binding to cannabinoid receptors, the same receptors that the psychoactive compound THC in cannabis acts on. Anandamide is found in nearly all tissues in a wide range of animals. Anandamide has also been found in plants, including small amounts in chocolate. The name 'anandamide' is taken from the Sanskrit word ananda, which means "joy, bliss, delight", plus amide. Copied from Anandamide
Anandamide (ANA), also referred to as N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) is a fatty acid neurotransmitter belonging to the fatty acid derivative group known as N-Acylethanolamine (NAE). Anandamide takes its name from the Sanskrit word ananda, meaning "joy, bliss, delight," plus amide. Anandamide, the first discovered endocannabinoid, engages with the body's endocannabinoid system by binding to the same cannabinoid receptors that THC found in cannabis acts on. Anandamide can be found within tissues in a wide range of animals.[1][2] It has also been found in plants, such as the cacao tree.[3] Major sections of the article include synthesis and degradation, as well as major research on behavior and obesity and liver disease.
Anandamide is derived from the non-oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid, an essential omega-6 fatty acid. It is synthesized from N-arachidonoyl phosphatidylethanolamine by multiple pathways. It is degraded primarily by the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) enzyme, which converts anandamide into ethanolamine and arachidonic acid. As such, inhibitors of FAAH lead to elevated anandamide levels and are being pursued for therapeutic use. Copied from Anandamide This information is included in the Synthesis and Degradation section, so it should be removed from the lead.
New Section- Discovery
Anandamide was discovered by Raphael Mechoulam and fellow coworkers in 1992. This was the first marijuana-like substance produced by the human body to be observed. By examining a pig brain and canine gut, they were able to isolate ANA using mass spectrometryand nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.[4] ANA works within the system of the brain associated with the feeling of reward, and as such, has been the topic of many research studies.[5]Since the 1992 findings, many studies have been completed to examine ANA further, including research on behavioral and molecular effects.
Article body
[edit]Anandamide may affect hunger, sleep, pain modulation, working memory, identification of novelty, and interpretation of environment.[citation needed] Copied from Anandamide Anandamide may affect sleep with the help of adenosine, a sleep-inducing molecule found throughout the central nervous system.
New Section: Treatment
Studies have been done on cannabinoids and their ability to potentially treat conditions such as arthritis, autoimmune disorders, and anxiety. Delta 9- THC can raise anxiety levels in humans. However, the Cannabinoid receptor 1, GABAergic, and Glutamatergic axon terminals where anandamide releases neurotransmitters work together with the cannabinoid effects to either raise or lower anxiety levels depending on the connection between the pathways. Through the inhibition of FAAH in rats, anandamide levels will increase, possibly causing a reduction in anxiety levels.
Anandamide is under research for its potential involvement in the implantation of the early stage embryo in its blastocyst form into the uterus. Copied from Anandamide Subheader added
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References
[edit][1] Murillo-Rodriguez E, Blanco-Centurion C, Sanchez C, Piomelli D, Shiromani PJ. Anandamide enhances extracellular levels of adenosine and induces sleep: an in vivo microdialysis study. Sleep. 2003 Dec 15;26(8):943-7. doi: 10.1093/sleep/26.8.943. PMID: 14746372.
- ^ Devane, William A.; Hanuš, Lumir; Breuer, Aviva; Pertwee, Roger G.; Stevenson, Lesley A.; Griffin, Graeme; Gibson, Dan; Mandelbaum, Asher; Etinger, Alexander; Mechoulam, Raphael (1992-12-18). "Isolation and Structure of a Brain Constituent That Binds to the Cannabinoid Receptor". Science. 258 (5090): 1946–1949. doi:10.1126/science.1470919. ISSN 0036-8075.
- ^ Martin, B.R.; Mechoulam, R.; Razdan, R.K. (1999-07). "Discovery and characterization of endogenous cannabinoids". Life Sciences. 65 (6–7): 573–595. doi:10.1016/S0024-3205(99)00281-7.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ di Tomaso, Emmanuelle; Beltramo, Massimiliano; Piomelli, Daniele (1996-08). "Brain cannabinoids in chocolate". Nature. 382 (6593): 677–678. doi:10.1038/382677a0. ISSN 0028-0836.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Devane, William A.; Hanuš, Lumir; Breuer, Aviva; Pertwee, Roger G.; Stevenson, Lesley A.; Griffin, Graeme; Gibson, Dan; Mandelbaum, Asher; Etinger, Alexander; Mechoulam, Raphael (1992-12-18). "Isolation and Structure of a Brain Constituent That Binds to the Cannabinoid Receptor". Science. 258 (5090): 1946–1949. doi:10.1126/science.1470919. ISSN 0036-8075.
- ^ Scherma, Maria; Masia, Paolo; Satta, Valentina; Fratta, Walter; Fadda, Paola; Tanda, Gianluigi (2019-03). "Brain activity of anandamide: a rewarding bliss?". Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. 40 (3): 309–323. doi:10.1038/s41401-018-0075-x. ISSN 1671-4083. PMC 6460372. PMID 30050084.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)CS1 maint: PMC format (link)