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User:Loop 9/China OSS

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1. Physical and demographic geographies of China.

2. Spatial dimension of economic changes: (a) agriculture; (b) transportation; (c) energy production and transportation; (d) industrial development; and (e) urbanization.

3. Physical and economic geographies of the two regions.

4. Export oriented and foreign investment - led industrialization of the Pearl River Delta region in the last 20 years.

5. Import-substitution and domestic firms – led industrialization of the Yangtze River Delta region in the last 20 years and its recent reorientation towards exports and foreign investment.

6. Regional industrial clustering, the development of metropolitan belts/region and the role of the state – comparison and contrast of the two regions.

7. Competition and/or cooperation between the two regions and the implications for Hong Kong.


Issues

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http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~kaplan/H371/ae02.pdf

http://www.archive.org/stream/chinaschangingma027784mbp/chinaschangingma027784mbp_djvu.txt

other

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Studies the geography of development processes, patterns, and problems in "Greater China": mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. Covers physical geography, history, and economic and political systems, with major focus on geographical issues in China's development: agriculture, population, industry and trade, and relations with Hong Kong and Taiwan. Offered: jointly with SISEA 236.

Many studies of regional disparity in China have focused on the preferential policies received by the coastal provinces. We decomposed the location dummies in provincial growth regressions to obtain estimates of the effects of geography and policy on provincial growth rates in 1996?99. Their respective contributions in percentage points were 2.5 and 3.5 for the province-level metropolises, 0.6 and 2.3 for the northeastern provinces, 2.8 and 2.8 for the coastal provinces, 2.0 and 1.6 for the central provinces, 0 and 1.6 for the northwestern provinces, and 0.1 and 1.8 for the southwestern provinces. Because the so-called preferential policies are largely deregulation policies that have allowed coastal Chinese provinces to integrate into the international economy, it is far superior to reduce regional disparity by extending these deregulation policies to the interior provinces than by re-regulating the coastal provinces. Two additional inhibitions to income convergence are the household registration system, which makes the movement of the rural poor to prosperous areas illegal, and the monopoly state bank system that, because of its bureaucratic nature, disburses most of its funds to its large traditional customers, few of whom are located in the western provinces. Improving infrastructure to overcome geographic barriers is fundamental to increasing western growth, but increasing human capital formation (education and medical care) is also crucial because only it can come up with new better ideas to solve centuries-old problems like unbalanced growth.

http://www.ndu.edu/inss/Repository/INSS_Proceedings/AEI-NDU%20China%20Seminar%20Series%202005/Seminar_5_July05/China_in_Asia_Seminar5.pdf

Economic reform in China since the late 1970s has led to remarkable economic growth and many changes in China's economic geography. Privatization, an important process in deregulating a centrally controlled economy, has been a significant component of China's economic reform and restructuring. Privatization also has significant spatial consequences linked to its role in China's regional economic development. With data from policy documents and state statistical sources, we use descriptive statistics and correlation analysis to describe, map, analyze, and explain the changing spatial dimensions of China's privatization process. A complex pattern of spatial variation in privatization has emerged related to the recent historical legacy of socialist development and new economic opportunities in different regions. Empirical analysis shows that unemployment was influential to privatization in the late 1970s, but in the 1990s, strong state employment in the commercial sector has been associated with the growth of the urban private sector. Moreover, it is geographically significant that the stronger the private sector in the provincial level, the faster the province's economic growth. Findings on the spatial variation and changes of privatization enhance our understanding of the complex processes of regional development under way in China today and can contribute to the formulation of innovative regional development policies.

http://www.cbrc.gov.cn/chinese/files/2007/2007053142A307E4C74B2FD0FFB06344E5935D00.0826.pdf

MFOZ

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Major function oriented zoning (MFOZ hereafter) is the guideline for optimizing the spatial pattern of regional development in China, which entails both theoretical and methodological innovation in the academic field of economic geography. This study analyzes the basic features of territorial function and puts forward a spatially equilibrium model for regional development. It argues that there exists a trend of regional convergence in almost any indicator measuring the average level of regional development status. Based on this finding, the study illustrates that the formation of functional zone should be conducive to the reduction of regional inequalityand that free flow of resources across region is the prerequisite to spatial equilibrium. It also investigates the impact of territorial functional evolution on spatial processes of equilibrium and suggests that the benefit to be derived from zoning proposal is contingent upon the method of regional division and correct understanding of temporal change of territorial function. After that, this study goes to examine the scientific foundation of several issues concerning the reconciliation of contradictory functions of development and protection, the selection of indicators and the spatial and temporal features of MFOZ. It is then followed by an interrogation of the rationality of achieving dual goals of efficiency and equality simultaneously through three-dimensional flow and spatial equilibrium. The paper ends with a discussion of the position, implementation and coordination of MFOZ from the perspective of institutional arrangements of spatial governance including law, planning and government policy

NIN

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In the PRC, an ID card is mandatory for all citizens who are over 16 years old. The ID number has 18 digits and is in the format RRRRRRYYYYMMDDSSSC, which is the sole and exclusive identification code for the holder (an old ID card only has 15 digits in the format RRRRRRYYMMDDIII). RRRRRR is a standard code for the political division where the holder is born (county or a district of a city), YYYYMMDD is the birth date of the holder, and SSS is a sequential code for distinguishing people with identical birthdates and birthplaces. The sequential code is odd for males and even for females. The final character, C, is a checksum value over the first 17 digits. To calculate the checksum, each digit in order is multiplied by a weight in the ordered set [7 9 10 5 8 4 2 1 6 3 7 9 10 5 8 4 2] and summed together. The sum modulus 11 is used as an index into the ordered set [1 0 X 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2], with the first index being zero. The indexed value is the checksum digit. In 15 digit IDs, III is an identification number created through certain mathematical methods (the last digit might be an English letter, such as X). The ID card is used for residential registration, army enrollment registration, registration of marriage/divorce, going abroad, taking part in various national exams, and other social or civil matters.