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Jesuit science at the imperial court[edit]
Mathematics, astronomy, and the calendar[edit]
Cartography[edit]
Agriculture[edit]
Water conservancy[edit]
Medicine[edit]
Changing medical approaches[edit]
Anatomy and dissections[edit]
Western conceptions[edit]
Western sciences in the late Qing[edit]
Missionaries and translations[edit]
Chemistry[edit]
Physics[edit]
Biology and evolution[edit]
Military technology[edit]
To 1850[edit]
After 1850[edit]
Stagnation, progress, or something else?[edit]
Bibliography[edit]
