User:Mckenzie.galster/sandbox

To-do List

• Work on lead section
• Research more on early life, family, schooling
• Make a list of important theories/ideas in psychotherapy
• Research on written works, notable talks or speeches
• Research difference between CBT developed by Lazarus vs Elliot and Beck
• Find possible other psychotherapy interests besides CBT
• Look into effects on the field from his research and ideas

Add more in your own section and we can put the lists together after this is due so we can get credit for doing it separately :)

Mckenzie.galster (talk) 03:46, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

• Include a section on Multi-modal approach to therapy
• Include In-text links to any other wikipedia pages that better explain theories (CBT, psychotherapy, etc.)
• If applicable include any Psychologists that may have had an influence on Lazarus
• Create text-box with brief info on Lazarus and picture if possible

Franklin.berg (talk) 16:59, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

Just to add to the above to-do lists by Mckenzie and Franklin

• Check external link
• Decide subsections in major sections
• Discuss importance of his findings to contributions in psych, so there isn’t an overwhelming amount of detail on everything

IsabelleVivian (talk) 21:42, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

• Include work on emotive imagery for phobia treatment in children and personal enrichment via imagery.
• Table summarizing written works (title, year published, etc.)
• List of institutions where he worked
• I agree with Isabelle, we'll need to work to not drowning the reader with information

Weston.clark (talk) 13:22, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

Outline

Here's a tentative outline suggestion that might work... feel free to use this to make your own with additions or changes

Lead Section

Early Life - place of birth - family life (if applicable to his work) - schooling (Universities in South Africa and US) - mentors/influences to him in the psychology field

Discoveries/Theories

- especially CBT - Multimodal approach to therapies - Imagery for phobia treatment and personal enrichment

Notable Works/Awards/Ways his work has continued to help the field ---I'd say do this in chart/table form to give a break from blocks of text

Death

References

p.s. how do we make one of those things on the right side of some articles with a picture and some facts? (If we need one - idk.)

Mckenzie.galster (talk) 03:29, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

Hey all, I added some thing to the Outline so far.

Mckenzie, I think one of the documents Dr. Council handed out has information on how to do that. When we get to dividing up to do list, I'd be happy to do that part.

Franklin.berg (talk) 16:59, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

I added a few things to the outline! I think it looks great so far. I love when Wiki pages have the side bar with a picture and dates, etc. So that is a great idea McKenzie! I also added all of our references from assignment 4 to the reference section as a start!

IsabelleVivian (talk) 21:42, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

I added a couple of things. The outline looks really good so far, and I don't see an issue expanding on any of these topics. Thanks to Isabelle for transferring our references to this section! :)

Weston.clark (talk) 13:24, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

References

Arnold A. Lazarus Obituary. (13, October 9). Topic Towns- Princetion's Weekly Community Newspaper. Retrieved February 27, 2016, from http://www.towntopics.com/wordpress/2013/10/09/obituaries-10-9-13/

Kohlenberg, R. J. (2003). AABT, Human Misery, and Transference: A Response to Arnold Lazarus. The Behavior Therapist, 26(7), 381-383.

Lazarus, A. A. (1996). Some reflections after 40 years of trying to be an effective psychotherapist. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 33(1), 142-145. doi:10.1037/0033-3204.33.1.142

Lazarus, A. A. (1990). Stressing or depressing?. American Psychologist, 45(4), 562. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.45.4.562

Lazarus, A.A. (1977). In the Mind’s eye: The Power of Imagery for Personal Enrichment. New York, NY: Rawson Associates.

Lazarus, A.A., & Abramovita, A. (n.d.) The use of “Emotive Imagery” in the Treatment of Children’s Phobias. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 108 (453), 191-195. From http://bjo.rcpsych.org/content/108/453/191.short

Lazarus, A. A. (2006). Brief but comprehensive psychotherapy: The multimodal way. New York, NY, US: Springer Publishing Co.

Lazarus, C. N. (2013, October 15). The Man Who Ushered in the Era of Effective Psychotherapy. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/think-[1]well/201310/the-man-who-ushered-in-the-era-effective-psychotherapy

Norcross, J. C., & Goldfried, M. R. (2005). Handbook of Psychotherapy Integration. New York: Oxford University Press.

IsabelleVivian (talk) 21:31, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

Task Divisions

Time to start dividing up the sections we want to cover!

I'll take on the chart of major works (if we agree to use this approach) and his work with imagery as treatments. I also think the early life section is either going to be difficult to find information or super easy. We could divide this section between 2 people just in case, maybe. I'd be willing to jump in on that one too.

Weston.clark (talk) 13:28, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

I would love to look into the background of Arnold. Weston I can start it and if it is difficult i can ask for help, if it is easy, ill get it done and jump in on other tasks! As well as, Ill take the death section because that fits with all the personal background information! Then we will go from there!

IsabelleVivian (talk) 00:43, 22 March 2016 (UTC)

Lead Section - Weston

Arnold Allan Lazarus (January 27, 1932-October 1, 2013) was a South African psychologist whose name is associated with contributions to and the development of multiple psychological theories. Along with his multimodal therapy, Lazarus worked on therapies that utilized imagery for personal enrichment and phobia treatment. A 1955 graduate of South Africa’s University of the Witwatersrand, Lazarus’ accomplishments include 18 books, over 300 articles, several presidencies of psychological associations, and numerous awards and recognitions. Lazarus spent time teaching at various schools across the United States including Rutgers University, Stanford University, Temple University Medical School, and Yale University. Additionally, he was the Executive Director of the Lazarus Institute, a mental health services facility focusing on Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT).

Weston.clark (talk) 22:07, 29 March 2016 (UTC)

I really like that you included the schools he taught at. As far as his date of birth I saw a couple conflicting dates and most sources just had the year so we should probably leave off the date. I also like how you included the Lazarus institute. I saw some sources mentioned it but it didn't go into much detail. If we can find more about it I think that would be a good addition.

• Actually, you should give exact date if possible. I'm sure you can find it. I would trust a published obituary in American Psychologist for the correct date. J.R. Council (talk) 19:11, 6 April 2016 (UTC)

Mckenzie.galster (talk) 17:38, 30 March 2016 (UTC)

Hey Weston, I liked that you included what Lazarus's therapies helped patients with, I think that makes it more relatable to any potential readers. I wasn't sure about whether including the exact number of books ad articles he has published was a good idea or not, it seems it might make it difficult to expand on that area in the body.

Franklin.berg (talk) 21:25, 30 March 2016 (UTC)

Franklin, the only reason I used the exact number is because I was going to put them in a table in the article. Do we think I should leave the number out of the lead? Its not something thats super important either way

• You don't need to put exact numbers in the lead. J.R. Council (talk) 19:12, 6 April 2016 (UTC)

Weston.clark (talk) 00:21, 1 April 2016 (UTC)

Weston, I liked that you included the number of books to show the perspective of how involved he was, but i think it can be put into a publications sub section. I also like that you put the universities he spent a good amount of time at. IsabelleVivian (talk) 02:36, 8 April 2016 (UTC)

Lead Section: McKenzie

Arnold Allan Lazarus ( ? 1932 - October 1 2013) was a clinical psychologist and researcher who is best known for expanding cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and developing multimodal therapy. During his career he authored 18 books including the first text on CBT called Behaviour Therapy and Beyond, wrote over 300 clinical articles and lectured on his theories around the world while maintaining his private psychotherapy practice in New Jersey. Lazarus was a leader in the self-help movement beginning in the 1970's by writing books on positive mental imagery and avoiding negative and guilt ridden thoughts. He was also the recipient of many awards and honors in the field of psychology including the Distinguished Psychologist Award of the Division of Psychotherapy from the American Psychological Association and the Distinguished Service Award from the American Board of Professional Psychology.

Mckenzie.galster (talk) 06:45, 30 March 2016 (UTC)

McKenzie, I like that you found a date for his start in the self-help movement and that his awards. I didn't know if it would be redundant do it there and then again in the article, so I left them out. Where did you find that he developed CBT? I did a quick search and couldn't find anything. I also see that you couldn't find anything on his early life either :/ the earliest I could find was where he go this Bachelors. His other degrees I found listed in a Prezi but not in any reliable source.

Weston.clark (talk) 12:47, 30 March 2016 (UTC)

I see what you mean about CBT. I think saying he expanded CBT would be more accurate.

Mckenzie.galster (talk) 17:38, 30 March 2016 (UTC)

Hey McKenzie, good catch on the CBT point Weston. I really liked that you included the name of Lazarus's most notable book and what it's main contributions were though. I think we should expand on that in our final lead. I also like again how you included how his therapy contributed to patient care rather than just saying the name of the therapy like I did. Again, I have the same question as to whether or not it is a good idea to be very specific with the awards Lazarus received as I'm not sure if lay people know just by looking what the awards mean.

Franklin.berg (talk) 21:25, 30 March 2016 (UTC)

McKenzie, I liked that you put in some detailed work that he did as kind of a nice intro into what this will be about. Including big topics such as CBT, MMT, and the self help movement. I also included those thinking they were a good overview for the wiki page. IsabelleVivian (talk) 02:36, 8 April 2016 (UTC)

Lead Section: Franklin

Arnold Allan Lazarus (January 27, 1932-October 1, 2013) was a South African born and educated clinical psychologist who specialized in cognitive therapy. Lazarus is noted as the inventor of the name behavioral therapy in his early writings on the subject. Lazarus's early approach to behavioral therapy would grow on to be known as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Lazarus is also notable for his expansion of CBT into a broader and more in depth, Multimodal approach to therapy (MMT). MMT institutes are now located across the United States and the rest of the world. Throughout his professional career, Lazarus became an expert on psychotherapy, publishing many journals and books on the subject along with hosting many workshops. Lazarus has been awarded with a variety of honors from the American Psychological Association (APA), along with three different lifetime achievement awards.

Franklin.berg (talk) 21:16, 30 March 2016 (UTC)

I really like how you took his list of awards and found a way to name a few without feeling like you cut a lot of information. Its something I was struggling with in my Lead section.

Weston.clark (talk) 00:23, 1 April 2016 (UTC)

Good job on stating his notable work with CBT and MMT. I couldn't figure out how to make that sound as nice as you did. The only thing I would add to this is something about the Lazarus institute. Mckenzie.galster (talk) 17:37, 4 April 2016 (UTC)

• Lazarus is best known for MMT and the BASIC ID model which is central to the therapy. J.R. Council (talk) 19:14, 6 April 2016 (UTC)

Franklin, I like that you put in the important concepts as well as awards. I did that too, because it makes reader want to know what he got the rewards for. IsabelleVivian (talk) 02:36, 8 April 2016 (UTC)

Lead Section: Isabelle

'"Arnold Allan Lazarus"' (January 27, 1932 - October 1st, 2013) was a South African Clinical Psychologist who had an emphasis in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), MultiModal Therapy (MMT), and BASIC ID Model. He has written and contributed in multiple books and articles on these theories, as well as, gave lectures on his theories all over the United States. Arnold was a leader in the self-help movement by writing about positive mental health image and avoiding the negative stigma that is associated with mental illness. He also had a role in studying emotive imagery for phobia treatment and personal enrichment via imagery. He received many honors from the American Psychological Association (APA) for his work and was awarded three lifetime achievement awards.

IsabelleVivian (talk) 02:27, 8 April 2016 (UTC)

Lead Section

Arnold Allan Lazarus (27 January 1932 - 1 October 2013) was a South African born clinical psychologist and researcher who specialized in cognitive therapy and is best known for developing multimodal therapy (MMT). A 1955 graduate of South Africa's University of the Witwatersrand, Lazarus' accomplishments include authoring the first text on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) called Behaviour Therapy and Beyond and 17 other books, over 300 clinical articles, and presidencies of psychological associations; he received numerous awards including the Distinguished Psychologist Award of the Division of Psychotherapy from the American Psychological Association, the Distinguished Service Award from the American Board of Professional Psychology, and three lifetime achievement awards. Lazarus was a leader in the self-help movement beginning in the 1970s writing books on positive mental imagery and avoiding negative thoughts. He spend time teaching at various universities in the United States including Rutgers University, Stanford University, Temple University Medical School, Yale University and was Executive Director of The Lazarus Institute, a mental health services facility focusing on CBT.

Mckenzie.galster (talk) 19:21, 7 April 2016 (UTC)

Weston.clark (talk) 02:24, 8 April 2016 (UTC)

IsabelleVivian (talk) 02:36, 8 April 2016 (UTC)

Weston.clark (talk) 21:15, 17 April 2016 (UTC)

Background

Family life

Lazarus was born in South Africa, where he spent his childhood through post secondary education. He is the son of Benjamin and Rachel Lazarus, the youngest of four children to a middle class family. After episodes of being bullied by his brother-in-law, Lazarus took up body building and boxing, leading to a life long interest in health and nutrition . Lazarus was married to Daphne for 57 years before his death. He had two children Linda and Clifford. He was a grandfather to a Linda's son, Taylor, and his son, Clifford, married his daughter-in-law, Donna .

Education and teaching career

Lazarus completed his undergraduate and graduate education at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa. Upon receiving his Ph.D. in 1960, he became a private practitioner in Johannesburg until 1963 when he was invited to Stanford University for a yearlong position as an assistant professor . He then returned to Johannesburg to teach at his alma mater until 1966 when he and his family returned to the United States for his position as the director of the Behavior Therapy Institute in Sausalito, California. He was a professor at Temple University Medical School from 1967-1970 and Yale University from 1970-1972 where he was director of Clinical training. Finally in 1972, Lazarus became a distinguished professor for the Graduate School of Applied Psychology at Rutgers University in New Jersey; Lazarus would remain in this position until 1999 .

IsabelleVivian (talk) 03:51, 15 April 2016 (UTC)

Weston.clark (talk) 20:57, 17 April 2016 (UTC)

IsabelleVivian (talk) 18:19, 27 April 2016 (UTC)

Weston.clark (talk) 17:10, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

IsabelleVivian (talk) 23:06, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

Clinical work and theories

As a graduate student at Stanford University, Lazarus extended his knowledge beyond the typical psychological views of the time and is credited with coining the term for the growing field of "behavioral therapy." Lazarus and his mentor Joseph Wolpe published the book Behavioral Therapy Techniques in 1966 which was the first to show the importance of increasing adaptive behavior and decreasing maladaptive behaviors on mental health. In the process of writing their book, Lazarus and Wolpe came to differ in their stances on use of behavioral therapy. Wolpe favoring an approach centered on applying only therapy techniques and Lazarus favoring the supplementation of other techniques in addition to therapy. Later, in his book Behavior Therapy and Beyond, Lazarus presented his ideas for adding cognitive constructs to behavioral therapy as treatment for anxiety and depression. Lazarus' ideas continued to develop throughout his next few publications as his writings and theories gained popularity throughout the field.

In Multimodal Behavioral Therapy (1976) and The Practice of Multimodal Therapy (1981), arguably his most notable works, Lazarus introduced multimodal therapy (MMT). MMT is based on the idea that humans have modalities to their personality that must be addressed separately in order to properly treat a mental disorder. The modalities are referred to with the acronym BASIC ID which stands for Behavior, Affect, Sensation, Imagery, Cognition, Interpersonal Relationships, and Drugs/Biology.

Lazarus is also noted for his advocacy for the expansion of boundaries between patient and therapist. Lazarus advocated for the expansion of relationships beyond scheduled sessions, arguing that a relationship beyond scheduled professional sessions to be beneficial for patients. Lazarus himself would participate in meals, mall trips and weddings in belief that it would strengthen the adaptive abilities of patients.

Mckenzie.galster (talk) 02:30, 18 April 2016 (UTC)

Franklin.berg (talk) 17:22, 18 April 2016 (UTC)

Lazarus Institute

The Lazarus Institute (TLI) was Lazarus' practice for the rest of his life. Founded in partnership with his son Clifford and daughter-in-law Donna, the mission of TLI was to broaden Cognitive-Behavior Therapy; their motto "Think Well - Act Well - Feel Well - Be Well" reflects their focus on CBT. However, the Lazarus' went further by offering each client an individualized therapy plan to maximize their benefit. TLI promotes their use of broad practices while remaining rooted in approaches that have been scientifically supported.

Weston.clark (talk) 21:05, 17 April 2016 (UTC)

Weston.clark (talk) 16:54, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

Honors

• Fellow of three divisions of the American Psychological Association (Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy, and Psychologists in Independent Practice)
• Distinguished Service Award - American Board of Professional Psychology
• Lifetime Achievement Award - Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies
• Lifetime Achievement Award - California Psychological Association
• Cummings PSYCHE Award honoring contributions to integrated healthcare delivery systems
• Albert Ellis Humanitarian Award

Mckenzie.galster (talk) 01:27, 18 April 2016 (UTC)

Weston.clark (talk) 19:47, 13 May 2016 (UTC)