User:Monica Tadros/Sanitation

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Lack of sanitation[edit]

Lack of sanitation refers to the absence of sanitation. In practical terms it usually means lack of toilets or lack of hygienic toilets that anybody would want to use voluntarily. The result of lack of sanitation is usually open defecation (and open urination but this is of less concern) with associated serious public health issues.^[1] It is estimated that 2.4 billion people still lacked improved sanitation facilities including 660 million people who lack access to safe drinking water as of 2015.^[2]^[3][edit]

^ Mara, Duncan (2017). "The elimination of open defecation and its adverse health effects: a moral imperative for governments and development professionals". Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development. 7 (1): 1–12. doi:10.2166/washdev.2017.027. ISSN 2043-9083.Mara, Duncan (2017). "The elimination of open defecation and its adverse health effects: a moral imperative for governments and development professionals". Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development. 7 (1): 1–12. doi:10.2166/washdev.2017.027. ISSN 2043-9083.
^ WHO and UNICEF Progress on Sanitation and Drinking-water: 2015 Update, WHO, Geneva and UNICEF, New York
^ European Investment Bank (2019). On Water. European Investment Bank. doi:10.2867/509830. ISBN 9789286143199. Retrieved 2020-12-07. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)European Investment Bank (2019). On Water. European Investment Bank. European Investment Bank. doi:10.2867/509830. ISBN 9789286143199. Retrieved 2020-12-07.

[:3-1] Mara, Duncan (2017). "The elimination of open defecation and its adverse health effects: a moral imperative for governments and development professionals". Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development. 7 (1): 1–12. doi:10.2166/washdev.2017.027. ISSN 2043-9083.Mara, Duncan (2017). "The elimination of open defecation and its adverse health effects: a moral imperative for governments and development professionals". Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development. 7 (1): 1–12. doi:10.2166/washdev.2017.027. ISSN 2043-9083.

[sanitation-2] WHO and UNICEF Progress on Sanitation and Drinking-water: 2015 Update, WHO, Geneva and UNICEF, New York

[:5-3] European Investment Bank (2019). On Water. European Investment Bank. doi:10.2867/509830. ISBN 9789286143199. Retrieved 2020-12-07. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)European Investment Bank (2019). On Water. European Investment Bank. European Investment Bank. doi:10.2867/509830. ISBN 9789286143199. Retrieved 2020-12-07.

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