User:Mr. Ibrahem/Insomnia
| Insomnia | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Sleeplessness, trouble sleeping |
 | |
| A drawing of someone with insomnia from the 14th century | |
| Pronunciation | |
| Specialty | Psychiatry, sleep medicine |
| Symptoms | Trouble sleeping, daytime sleepiness, low energy, irritability, depressed mood[1] |
| Complications | Motor vehicle collisions[1] |
| Causes | Unknown, psychological stress, chronic pain, heart failure, hyperthyroidism, heartburn, restless leg syndrome, others[2] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms, sleep study[3] |
| Differential diagnosis | Delayed sleep phase disorder, restless leg syndrome, sleep apnea, psychiatric disorder[4] |
| Treatment | Sleep hygiene, cognitive behavioral therapy, sleeping pills[5][6][7] |
| Frequency | ~20%[8][9][10] |
Insomnia, also known as sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder in which people have trouble sleeping.[1] They may have difficulty falling asleep, or staying asleep as long as desired.[9][11] Insomnia is typically followed by daytime sleepiness, low energy, irritability, and a depressed mood.[1] It may result in an increased risk of motor vehicle collisions, as well as problems focusing and learning.[1] Insomnia can be short term, lasting for days or weeks, or long term, lasting more than a month.[1]
Insomnia can occur independently or as a result of another problem.[2] Conditions that can result in insomnia include psychological stress, chronic pain, heart failure, hyperthyroidism, heartburn, restless leg syndrome, menopause, certain medications, and drugs such as caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol.[2][8] Other risk factors include working night shifts and sleep apnea.[9] Diagnosis is based on sleep habits and an examination to look for underlying causes.[3] A sleep study may be done to look for underlying sleep disorders.[3] Screening may be done with two questions: "do you experience difficulty sleeping?" and "do you have difficulty falling or staying asleep?"[9]
Sleep hygiene and lifestyle changes are typically the first treatment for insomnia.[5][7] Sleep hygiene includes a consistent bedtime, exposure to sunlight, a quiet and dark room, and regular exercise.[7] Cognitive behavioral therapy may be added to this.[6][12] While sleeping pills may help, they are associated with injuries, dementia, and addiction.[5][6] These medications are not recommended for more than four or five weeks.[6] The effectiveness and safety of alternative medicine is unclear.[5][6]
Between 10% and 30% of adults have insomnia at any given point in time and up to half of people have insomnia in a given year.[8][9][10] About 6% of people have insomnia that is not due to another problem and lasts for more than a month.[9] People over the age of 65 are affected more often than younger people.[7] Females are more often affected than males.[8] Descriptions of insomnia occur at least as far back as ancient Greece.[13]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g "What Is Insomnia?". NHLBI. December 13, 2011. Archived from the original on 28 July 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
- ^ a b c "What Causes Insomnia?". NHLBI. December 13, 2011. Archived from the original on 28 July 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
- ^ a b c "How Is Insomnia Diagnosed?". NHLBI. December 13, 2011. Archived from the original on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
- ^ Watson, Nathaniel F.; Vaughn, Bradley V. (2006). Clinician's Guide to Sleep Disorders. CRC Press. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-8493-7449-4. Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2020-08-05.
- ^ a b c d "How Is Insomnia Treated?". NHLBI. December 13, 2011. Archived from the original on 28 July 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
- ^ a b c d e Qaseem A, Kansagara D, Forciea MA, Cooke M, Denberg TD (July 2016). "Management of Chronic Insomnia Disorder in Adults: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians". Annals of Internal Medicine. 165 (2): 125–33. doi:10.7326/M15-2175. PMID 27136449.
- ^ a b c d Wilson JF (January 2008). "In the clinic. Insomnia". Annals of Internal Medicine. 148 (1): ITC13–1–ITC13–16. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-148-1-200801010-01001. PMID 18166757. S2CID 42686046.
- ^ a b c d "Dyssomnias" (PDF). WHO. pp. 7–11. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2009-03-18. Retrieved 2009-01-25.
- ^ a b c d e f Roth T (August 2007). "Insomnia: definition, prevalence, etiology, and consequences". Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 3 (5 Suppl): S7–10. doi:10.5664/jcsm.26929. PMC 1978319. PMID 17824495.
- ^ a b Tasman, Allan; Kay, Jerald; Lieberman, Jeffrey A.; First, Michael B.; Riba, Michelle (2015). Psychiatry, 2 Volume Set (4 ed.). John Wiley & Sons. p. 4253. ISBN 978-1-118-75336-1. Archived from the original on 2020-06-18. Retrieved 2020-08-05.
- ^ Punnoose AR, Golub RM, Burke AE (June 2012). "JAMA patient page. Insomnia". JAMA. 307 (24): 2653. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.6219. PMID 22735439.
- ^ Trauer JM, Qian MY, Doyle JS, Rajaratnam SM, Cunnington D (August 2015). "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". Annals of Internal Medicine. 163 (3): 191–204. doi:10.7326/M14-2841. PMID 26054060. S2CID 21617330.
- ^ Attarian, Hrayr P. (2003). "chapter 1". Clinical Handbook of Insomnia. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-1-59259-662-1. Archived from the original on 2017-09-08. Retrieved 2020-08-05.