User:Mr. Ibrahem/Neurocysticercosis
| Mr. Ibrahem/Neurocysticercosis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Magnetic resonance image of neurocysticercosis demonstrating multiple cysticerci within the brain. | |
| Pronunciation | |
| Specialty | Infectious disease, neurology |
| Symptoms | Seizures, headaches, increased intracranial pressure, other neurological problems; many have no symptoms[1] |
| Complications | Epilepsy, dementia[2] |
| Types | Parenchymal, extraparenchymal[1] |
| Causes | Eating Taenia solium eggs |
| Risk factors | Rural areas that lack proper sanitation[1] |
| Treatment | Antiparasitic medication, corticosteroids surgery[3] |
| Medication | Albendazole, praziquantel, dexamethasone[3] |
| Frequency | 2.5 to 8.3 million people[1] |
Neurocysticercosis is a form of the parasitic disease, cysticercosis, in which cysts develop in the nervous system.[1] Symptoms may include seizures, headaches, increased intracranial pressure, and other neurological problems; though many have few or no symptoms.[1] It is a frequent cause of epilepsy worldwide, representing about a third of cases were the infection is common.[1]
It is caused by eating eggs, found in the stool of humans with the tapeworm Taenia solium.[1] Risk factors include living with someone who has the tapeworm.[2] People get infected by the tapeworm from eating undercooked infected pig.[1] Diagnosis is by medical imaging, either MRI or CT scan, supported by blood tests.[1][2] It can appear similar to nearly all other neurological problems.[2]
Antiparasitic medication (albendazole or praziquantel) together with corticosteroids may be recommended in people who have live cysts within brain tissue that result in symptoms.[1][3] Antiseizure medications are also often used.[1] Surgery may be required in certain cases.[1] Prevention include vaccinating pigs, preventing their exposure to human feces, and treating humans with taeniasis.[1]
Neurocysticercosis is estimated to affect 2.5 to 8.3 million people.[1] It occurs most commonly in Latin America, South East Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa.[1] It is particularly common in rural areas that lack proper sanitation.[1] The risk of death is higher in extraparenchymal compared to parenchymal disease.[2] It is a World Health Organization neglected tropical disease.[1]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r WHO guidelines on management of taenia solium neurocysticercosis. Geneva. 2021. ISBN 978-92-4003223-1. Archived from the original on 23 December 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b c d e Garcia, HH; Nash, TE; Del Brutto, OH (December 2014). "Clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of neurocysticercosis". The Lancet. Neurology. 13 (12): 1202–15. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70094-8. PMID 25453460. Archived from the original on 2023-02-16. Retrieved 2023-04-02.
- ^ a b c Considerations for the use of anthelminthic therapy for the treatment of neurocysticercosis. World Health Organization. 28 March 2023. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 1 April 2023.