User:Mr. Ibrahem/Self-harm
Template:Good article is only for Wikipedia:Good articles.
| Self-harm | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Self-injury (SI), self-poisoning, nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), deliberate self-harm (DSH), cutting |
 | |
| Healed scars on the forearm from prior self harm | |
| Specialty | Psychiatry |
| Symptoms | Multiple cuts, stabs, or burns[1] |
| Complications | Suicide[2] |
| Usual onset | Teenagers[3] |
| Risk factors | Borderline personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, substance misuse, autism, hopelessness, friends who self harm[1][4] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptom, after ruling out a suicide attempt[1] |
| Treatment | Wound closure, counselling[4][1] |
| Medication | Naltrexone[1] |
| Prognosis | Usually resolves by early adulthood[4] |
| Frequency | 17% at some point[2] |
Self-harm is intentional behavior to harm oneself, without a desire to die by suicide.[5][1] The most common example is direct injury of the skin usually with a sharp object or heat.[1] Often multiple areas of injury are created.[1] Other methods may include overdose or punching themselves.[5] People who self-harm often feel shame afterwards.[6] They are also nearly ten times more likely to attempt suicide.[2]
It is commonly associated with borderline personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, substance misuse, and autism.[1] Thought, it may also occur in people without other mental health problems.[4] Other associations include hopelessness, friends that self-harm, and a history of abuse.[4] Some use it as a coping mechanism to provide temporary relief from intense feelings.[1] There is also support that it may be used as self-punishment, a cry for help, and to deal with interpersonal conflict.[1]
It does not include socially accepted practices such as tattooing or piercing.[4] It also does not include indirect injury such as may occur from eating disorders or substance misuse.[4] Initial treatment may require wound closure.[4] Long term management involves addressing associated conditions together with cognitive behavioral therapy.[1] Part of therapy is to develop better way to deal with stress.[1] Some people may be help by naltrexone.[1]
Self-harm is most common in teenagers, becoming less common after 18.[3][4] It affects about 17% of people at some point in time.[2] Females are affected about 1.7 times as often as males.[2] Other groups in who it is more common include LGBT, prisoners, and veterans.[5] Rates have been fairly steady between 2002 and 2017.[4] The risk of suicide is higher in older people who self-harm.[7] Captive animals, such as birds and monkeys, also may have self-harming behavior.[8]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Nonsuicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) - Psychiatric Disorders". Merck Manuals Professional Edition. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
- ^ a b c d e Gillies, D; Christou, MA; Dixon, AC; Featherston, OJ; Rapti, I; Garcia-Anguita, A; Villasis-Keever, M; Reebye, P; Christou, E; Al Kabir, N; Christou, PA (October 2018). "Prevalence and Characteristics of Self-Harm in Adolescents: Meta-Analyses of Community-Based Studies 1990-2015". Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 57 (10): 733–741. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2018.06.018. PMID 30274648.
- ^ a b Hawton, K; Saunders, KE; O'Connor, RC (23 June 2012). "Self-harm and suicide in adolescents". Lancet (London, England). 379 (9834): 2373–82. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60322-5. PMID 22726518.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Brown, RC; Plener, PL (March 2017). "Non-suicidal Self-Injury in Adolescence". Current psychiatry reports. 19 (3): 20. doi:10.1007/s11920-017-0767-9. PMID 28315191.
- ^ a b c "Self harm | Royal College of Psychiatrists". RC PSYCH ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS. Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
- ^ Gunnarsson, Nina Veetnisha (August 2021). "The Self-perpetuating Cycle of Shame and Self-injury". Humanity & Society. 45 (3): 313–333. doi:10.1177/0160597620904475.
- ^ National Institute for Clinical Excellence (2004). National Clinical Practice Guideline Number 16: Self-harm (PDF). The British Psychological Society. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-09-05. Retrieved 2009-12-13.
- ^ Jones IH, Barraclough BM (July 1978). "Auto-mutilation in animals and its relevance to self-injury in man". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 58 (1): 40–47. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06918.x. PMID 99981. S2CID 24737213.