User:Mr. Ibrahem/Toddler's fracture
| Mr. Ibrahem/Toddler's fracture | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Childhood accidental spiral tibial (CAST) fractures |
 | |
| A toddler's fracture | |
| Specialty | Emergency medicine, orthopedics |
| Symptoms | Pain in lower leg, limp[1] |
| Usual onset | 9 mths to 3 yrs[1] |
| Duration | 3 to 4 wks[1] |
| Causes | Low energy injury[1] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms and examination, supported by X-rays[1] |
| Differential diagnosis | Transient synovitis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, other types of fractures[1] |
| Treatment | Splinting, casting, no immobilization[1] |
| Prognosis | Good[1] |
| Frequency | Relatively common[1] |
Toddler's fracture is a type of broken bone that involves the lower part of the shin bone (tibia).[1] Symptoms may include pain in the lower leg or a limp.[1] Some refuse to walk at all.[2]
The cause is often a twisting motion over a planted foot.[1] This may occur as the result tripping or other minor events.[1] It generally occurs in the distal thirds of the tibia, is undisplaced, and has a spiral pattern.[1] Diagnosis is often based on symptoms and examination, with initial X-rays appearing normal in about half of cases.[1]
Treatment is often by limiting movement of the affected leg by splinting or casting for 3 to 4 weeks.[1] Casting may occur above or below the knee.[1] Some just allow healing without immobilization.[1] Outcomes are nearly always good.[1]
Toddler's fracture is relatively common, making up about 1.5 per thousand visits by children to the emergency department.[1] It most commonly occurs in people between the age of 9 months and 3 years.[1] It was first described in 1964 by Dunbar.[3][4] There were previously concerns of an association with non accidental trauma; however, this is very rarely present.[5]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Wang, Y; Doyle, M; Smit, K; Varshney, T; Carsen, S (1 January 2022). "The Toddler's Fracture". Pediatric emergency care. 38 (1): 36–39. doi:10.1097/PEC.0000000000002600. PMID 34986580.
- ^ Vezzetti, R; Bordoni, B (January 2022). "Antalgic Gait In Children". PMID 30571006.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Martino, Fabio; Defilippi, Claudio; Caudana, Roberto (26 June 2011). Imaging of Pediatric Bone and Joint Trauma. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 183. ISBN 978-88-470-1655-2. Archived from the original on 5 May 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ Dunbar JS, Owen HF, Nogrady MB, McLeese R (September 1964). "Obscure tibial fracture of infants -- the toddler's fracture". J Can Assoc Radiol. 15: 136–44. PMID 14212071.
- ^ Gaillard, Frank. "Toddler fracture | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org". Radiopaedia. Archived from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2022.