Article Review

Proteinoplasts

Proteinoplasts originate from plastids.^[1] Plastids are specialized double-membrane organelles found in plant cells.^[2] Plastids perform a variety of functions such as metabolism of energy, and biological reactions.^[2]^[3] There are multiple types of plastids recognized including Leucoplasts, Chromoplasts, and Chloroplasts.^[2] Plastids are broken up into different categories based on characteristics such as size, function and physical traits.^[2] Chromoplasts help to synthesize and store large amounts of carrotenoids.^[4] Chloroplasts are photosynthesizing structures that help to make light energy for the plant. ^[4] Leucoplasts are a colorless type of plastid which means that no photosynthesis occurs here.^[3] The colorless pegmentation of the leucopplast is due to not containing the structural components of thylakoids unlike what is found in chloroplasts and chromoplasts that gives them thier pigmentation.^[4] From leucoplasts stems the subtype, proteinoplasts, which contain proteins for storage.^[2] Other subtypes of Leucoplasts include amyloplast, and elaioplasts. Amyloplasts help to store and synthesize starch molecules found in plants, while elaioplasts synthisize and store lipids in plant cells.^[1]

^ ^a ^b Dey, P. M.; Brownleader, M. D.; Harborne, J. B. (1997-01-01), Dey, P. M.; Harborne, J. B. (eds.), "1 - The Plant, the Cell and its Molecular Components", Plant Biochemistry, London: Academic Press, pp. 1–47, ISBN 978-0-12-214674-9, retrieved 2020-11-18
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Grabsztunowicz, Magda; Rokka, Anne; Farooq, Irum; Aro, Eva-Mari; Mulo, Paula (2020-09-04). "Gel-based proteomic map of Arabidopsis thaliana root plastids and mitochondria". BMC Plant Biology. 20 (1): 413. doi:10.1186/s12870-020-02635-6. ISSN 1471-2229.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
^ ^a ^b Pinard, Desre; Mizrachi, Eshchar (2018-04-01). "Unsung and understudied: plastids involved in secondary growth". Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 42 Genome studies and molecular genetics 2018. 42: 30–36. doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2018.01.011. ISSN 1369-5266.
^ ^a ^b ^c Sadali, Najiah M.; Sowden, Robert G.; Ling, Qihua; Jarvis, R. Paul (2019). "Differentiation of chromoplasts and other plastids in plants". Plant Cell Reports. 38 (7): 803–818. doi:10.1007/s00299-019-02420-2. ISSN 0721-7714. PMC 6584231. PMID 31079194.

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[:2-1] Dey, P. M.; Brownleader, M. D.; Harborne, J. B. (1997-01-01), Dey, P. M.; Harborne, J. B. (eds.), "1 - The Plant, the Cell and its Molecular Components", Plant Biochemistry, London: Academic Press, pp. 1–47, ISBN 978-0-12-214674-9, retrieved 2020-11-18

[:1-2] Grabsztunowicz, Magda; Rokka, Anne; Farooq, Irum; Aro, Eva-Mari; Mulo, Paula (2020-09-04). "Gel-based proteomic map of Arabidopsis thaliana root plastids and mitochondria". BMC Plant Biology. 20 (1): 413. doi:10.1186/s12870-020-02635-6. ISSN 1471-2229.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[:0-3] Pinard, Desre; Mizrachi, Eshchar (2018-04-01). "Unsung and understudied: plastids involved in secondary growth". Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 42 Genome studies and molecular genetics 2018. 42: 30–36. doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2018.01.011. ISSN 1369-5266.

[:3-4] Sadali, Najiah M.; Sowden, Robert G.; Ling, Qihua; Jarvis, R. Paul (2019). "Differentiation of chromoplasts and other plastids in plants". Plant Cell Reports. 38 (7): 803–818. doi:10.1007/s00299-019-02420-2. ISSN 0721-7714. PMC 6584231. PMID 31079194.

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