User:Mutanabbi

User:Mutanabbi/History of ontologies From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Under construction icon-blue.svg This is not a Wikipedia article: It is an individual user's work in progress page, and may be incomplete and/or unreliable.

History of Ontologies new article content ... This page is devoted to an overview of the highest level ontologies in use in different cultures throughout history. It is thus related to but distinct from a number of existing Wikipedia pages or sections of pages, in particular those dealing with the history of metaphysical and religious ontologies[1][2], scientific taxonomies[3][4], knowledge representation in general[5], library classification systems[6][7], pedagogical systems and curricula[8][9] and folksonomies [10], among others. Relevant sources are thus heterogenous, ranging from metaphysical or religious works, to explicitly scientific attempts at classification, to practical systems for arranging reference works or organizing education, The point is to permit a synoptic overview of how a culture in one time and place organized the world around it, facilitating comparison with the perspective of other cultures. The ontologies to be referenced on this page need not have been intended to be entirely comprehensive, an intention that is often difficult to determine, but merely that they are extremely general. When the categorization is explicitly intended to be include everything in human experience it is hoped that contributors will draw attention to that fact. It is meant to include all attempts to distinguish the major categories of human experience and activity as well as natural phenomena.

c. 500 India.

 the three Vedas 

18 silpas (of uncertain nature- often including
law
medicine
mathematics
accounting
surveying
agriculture
cattlebreeding
administration 
archery
hunting
military strategy
majic
elephant lore
snake charming
art of finding treasures

c. 500 China

Rites (禮)
Music (樂)
Archery (射)
Charioteering (禦)
Calligraphy (書)
Mathematics (數)

Plato: Curriculum in Seventh Book of Republic 1 arithmetic 2 geometry 3 solids in motion 4 astronomy 5 music 6 dialectic

c, 235 Pinakes of Callimachus. Catalog of Library of Alexandria [11]

1 rhetoric, 
2 law, 
3 epic, 
4 tragedy, 
5 comedy, 
6 lyric poetry, 
7 history, 
8 medicine, 
9 mathematics, 
10 natural science
11  miscellanies

c. 420 Martianus Capella: Seven Liberal Arts

1 Grammar
2 Logic/Dialectic
3 Rhetoric
4 Geometry
5 Arithmetic
6 Astronomy
7 Music

c. 520 Quadrivium named by Boethius

 1 Arithmetic
 2 Geometry
 3 Music
 4 Astronomy

c. 840 Trivium named

  1 Grammar
  2 Logic/Dialectic
  3 Rhetoric

c. 850 張彥遠 : 法書要錄 Zhang Yanyuan's Fashu Yaolu

 四藝:

   qin (the guqin, a stringed instrument. 琴
   qi (the strategy game of Go, 棋), 
   shu (Chinese calligraphy 書) and
   hua (Chinese painting 畫).

10th century

   Ibn al Nadim [12]
    938: Firhist:  An index of all books written in Arabic.
     
1 the Holy Scriptures of Muslims, Jews, and Christians, with emphasis on the Qur'an and hadith;
2  works on grammar and philology;
3  history, biography, genealogy and the like;
4  poetry;
5  dialectical theology (kalam);
6  law (fiqh) and hadith.
7  philosophy and the 'secular sciences';
8  legends, fables, magic, conjuring, etc.;
9  the doctrines (maqalat) of other religions (Manichaeans, Hindus, Buddhists and Chinese);

10 alchemy.

1885 Dewey Decimal System

000 – General Reference works, 
100 – Philosophy and psychology
200 – Religion
300 – Social sciences
400 – Language
500 – Pure Science
600 – Technology
700 – Arts & recreation
800 – Literature
900 – History & geography

1897 Library of Congress System, LCC

A -- GENERAL WORKS -
B -- PHILOSOPHY. PSYCHOLOGY. RELIGION - 
C -- AUXILIARY SCIENCES OF HISTORY - 
D -- WORLD HISTORY AND HISTORY OF EUROPE, ASIA, AFRICA, AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND, ETC. - 
E -- HISTORY OF THE AMERICAS - 
F -- HISTORY OF THE AMERICAS - 
G -- GEOGRAPHY. ANTHROPOLOGY. RECREATION - 
H -- SOCIAL SCIENCES - 
J -- POLITICAL SCIENCE - 
K -- LAW - 
L --  EDUCATION - 
M -- MUSIC AND BOOKS ON MUSIC -
N -- FINE ARTS - 
P -- LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE - 
Q -- SCIENCE - 
R -- MEDICINE - 
S -- AGRICULTURE - 
T -- TECHNOLOGY - 
U -- MILITARY SCIENCE - 
V -- NAVAL SCIENCE - 
Z -- BIBLIOGRAPHY. LIBRARY SCIENCE. INFORMATION RESOURCES (GENERAL

References[edit] Jump up ^ https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Ontology#History Jump up ^ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_element Jump up ^ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_classification#Early_systems Jump up ^ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology) Jump up ^ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_organization Jump up ^ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_classification Jump up ^ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_catalog#History Jump up ^ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_education Jump up ^ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogy Jump up ^ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folksonomy Jump up ^ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinakes Jump up ^ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_al-Nadim