User:Nalharbi2016/sandbox
i'm evaluating the LMNA page in Wikipedia LMNA. Nalharbi2016 (talk) 21:25, 8 September 2018 (UTC)
i will be editing the NLRP2 Gene web page on Wikipedia and collecting resources regarding the topic.
Description and Functions:
The NLRP2 gene is one of the family members of nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR). Information from many literature sources indicates that an N-terminal pyrin effector domain (PYD) is one of the components of the NLRP2 gene. Other components include a centrally-located nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NACHT) and C-terminal leucine-rich repeats (LRR)[1]. The products of NLRP2 gene are known to interact with IkB kinase (IKK) complex components. It can also regulate the activities of both caspase-1 and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB). The pyrin domain is essential and adequate to suppress the activities of NF-kB (Minkiewicz, de Rivero Vaccari and Keane 1113). An allelic variant (rs147585490) is known to block the NF-kB transcriptional activities. NLRP2 gene is one of the NLR family; it is believed to contribute to the regulation of immune responses (Minkiewicz, de Rivero Vaccari and Keane 1121). Although it is not well understood, the NLRP2 gene is responsible for maintaining fertility in females and contributes to the normal birth. The NPRP2 gene encodes for a human protein known as “NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 2”[2]. NALP2, which is one of the NALP proteins, has an N-terminal pyrin characterization also encoded as MIM 608107 and PYD domain[3]. The NALP2 protein has a role in the activation process of caspase-1, which is encoded as CASP1; MIM 147678. The activation process occurs through the Toll-like receptors. The NALP2 may also take part in protein complexes, which initiates the activation of proinflammatory caspases[4]. NLR family regulates the functioning of the immune system, which technically compromises the normal functions of the body including reproduction.
History of Discovery: The NLR gene family where the NLRP2 gene belongs was first extracted from zebrafish, which is a common specimen for the study of immune systems. The NLRP2 gene is believed to have originated from the NLR gene family through mutation[5]. The mutation was initiated by the need for organisms to fit a dynamic environment and diversification in the evolution stages[6]. Also, the mutation of the NLR gene family proteins was also due to the ability of pathogens to subvert the defense mechanism of the host[7]. Therefore, the organisms were forced to device new ways of detecting and counteracting the effects of the resistant pathogens[8]. The evolution of the NLR proteins defines the origin of the NLRP2 gene. The NLRP2 gene is now an innate immune sensor for pathogens and sterile stress signal (SSS) in multi-cellular organisms.
Mutation and Infertility: The deficiency of NLRP2 gene results in the inhibition of the activation of oocytes[9]. The NLRP2 gene is exclusivly expressed in oocytes. Therefore, it regulates the quality of the oocytes, which explains its relation to infertility in females[10]. It is remarkable that the mutation of NLRP2 gene interferes with its normal functions, especially in the activation of oocytes, with consequential infertility in females. The NLR family regulates the functioning of the immune system, which technically compromises the normal functions of the body including reproduction.
- ^ Minkiewicz, Julia; et al. "Human Astrocytes Express a Novel NLRP2 Inflammasome".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help); Explicit use of et al. in:|last1=(help) - ^ Acharya, Sudipta; et al. "Novel Symmetry-Based Gene-Gene Dissimilarity Measures Utilizing Gene Ontology: Application In Gene Clustering".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help); Explicit use of et al. in:|last1=(help) - ^ Peng, Hui; et al. "NLRP2 And FAF1 Deficiency Blocks Early Embryogenesis In The Mouse".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help); Explicit use of et al. in:|last1=(help) - ^ Vizlin-Hodzic, D; et al. "Early Onset of Inflammation during Ontogeny of Bipolar Disorder: The NLRP2 Inflammasome Gene Distinctly Differentiates Between Patients and Healthy Controls in the Transition between Ips Cell and Neural Stem Cell Stages".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help); Explicit use of et al. in:|last1=(help) - ^ Acharya, Sudipta; et al. "Novel Symmetry-Based Gene-Gene Dissimilarity Measures Utilizing Gene Ontology: Application In Gene Clustering".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help); Explicit use of et al. in:|last1=(help) - ^ Yang, Yanqing; et al. "NLRP2 Negatively Regulates Antiviral Immunity by Interacting With TBK1".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help); Explicit use of et al. in:|last1=(help) - ^ Minkiewicz, Julia; et al. "Human Astrocytes Express a Novel NLRP2 Inflammasome".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help); Explicit use of et al. in:|last1=(help) - ^ Mahadevan, Sangeetha; et al. "Erratum: Maternally Expressed NLRP2 Links the Subcortical Maternal Complex (SCMC) To Fertility, Embryogenesis and Epigenetic Reprogramming".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help); Explicit use of et al. in:|last1=(help) - ^ Minkiewicz, Julia; et al. "Human Astrocytes Express a Novel NLRP2 Inflammasome".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help); Explicit use of et al. in:|last1=(help) - ^ Acharya, Sudipta; et al. "Novel Symmetry-Based Gene-Gene Dissimilarity Measures Utilizing Gene Ontology: Application In Gene Clustering".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help); Explicit use of et al. in:|last1=(help)