User:Naturista2018/Royal Construction School

Main entrance of the Construction work school, Munich. In 1877, after decades of provisional accommodation, it had moved to a prestigious building on Gabelsberger street 57.

The Royal School of Construction of Munich  was founded in 1823 by Gustav von Vorherr on the model of the Paris École polytechnique and the Berlin Bauakademie as the first of its kind in the German-speaking world. Unlike in these cities, however, a modern, local necessities oriented construction should be in the foreground, which even included the previously neglected rural area.

The education and training of the builders and parliaments to master builders took place from this time with the possibility of state influence.

Story

Erste Bestrebungen begabte Bauhandwerker schulisch zu Baumeistern fortzubilden, gab es im Königreich Bayern bereits zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts. Im Winter 1806 wurde dafür einer der Unterrichtsräume der Münchner Feiertagsschule zur Verfügung gestellt. Wegen erhöhtem Platzbedarf der Feiertagsschule scheiterte das Unternehmen bereits im Jahr darauf.The first efforts to train talented builders to become master builders in the Kingdom of Bavaria already existed at the beginning of the 19th century. In the winter of 1806, one of the classrooms at the Munich Holiday School was made available for this purpose. Due to increased space requirements of the holiday school, the company failed the following year.

In the peace time after the Napoleonic wars the idea was resumed. "In the winter semester, at the end of November 1821, more than thirty-two builders from the country, from various circles of our kingdom, partly on their own initiative and partly on the part of the government, encouraged them to acquire the thoroughgoing, thorough knowledge which was indispensable to them as real and future masters are to collect at the school. ... Thus in this year our school, so to speak of itself, inspired by the urgent need and necessity, formed a proper building school for future master builders, the first and only school of this kind in our kingdom."“

The question of the spatial accommodation and the financing could be clarified quickly this time. Thus, on 10 April 1823 in Munich, the Royal School of Construction (s) was founded by KingMaximilian I Joseph of Bavaria as the first educational institution for builders in German-speaking countries "for the improvement of the construction industry and especially the education of builders". This was located in the Ladies pen street 2, in which also the higher male holiday school was housed, which served the royal construction school as a "preparatory and repeating school". This "Holiday drawings school for artists and craftsmen" was founded in 1793.

Gustav Vorherr, founder of the Royal School of Construction Munich around 1830 (Joseph Karl Stieler)

The idea for the school foundation had the Royal Building Council and architect Gustav Vorherr, who was also editor of the Monthly Sheets for Construction and Land Beautification. Vorherr was next to eight other teachers (eg, the sculptor Ludwig Schwanthaler) until his death at the same time also headmaster.

The construction school was a precursor institution of the State Building School, which was merged in 1971 with six other engineering and other higher technical schools to the University of Applied Sciences Munich.

Training content

The aim of the training was "In general, the perfection of the builders and a justification of an improved nationality" by two departments, namely the journeyman and master class. Every year, an average of 140 students from German-speaking countries, but also from almost all European countries were taught. In addition to masons / parliaments, stone sculptors, carpenters, stove-makers, mill-makers, well-makers, stuccoers, locksmiths and others were also trained.

The subjects were varied, the workload had to be "between Martini and Josephi", so from 11 November and 19 March, to be mastered. The school hours were "from early morning to late evening, a deliberate treatment on a construction site, because nothing is more ruinous than the bundling of lessons."

Contents: freehand, construction and machine drawing, basic and elevation, construction, disposition and decoration, beautiful and spelling, arithmetic, with special regard to the building, algebra, geometry with exercises in surveying, performing geometry and perspective, stone and woodcut with practical exercises in modeling, practical mechanics and hydraulics, well engineering, mill construction, construction and construction engineering, technical chemistry, physics, knowledge of building materials, lectures on architecture, exercises in building reception and design, cost estimates, bosses, lithography, lightning conductor installation, Elements of land, water and road construction, "instructions pleasant and expedient to travel", excursions to interesting sites and executed important buildings, land beautification art and foreign language teaching ("if several come together").

Carl August Reuter headed the Royal School of Construction in Munich from 1847-1876.

Vorherr's Fund and Architecture Award

The lessons were free of charge except for foreign languages. In the case of "moderate strangers", a fee of four guilders was charged. Through the Vorherr's Fund, suitable graduates were given "adequate support" for educational trips. In addition, a prize of 25 gulden (from 1827 onwards of 50 guilders) was awarded every two years at Pentecost for the best certificate of the Royal School of Construction. This fund was managed by the Royal Education Foundation Administration and the price was formed from interest-bearing capital.

Legitimization card of a pupil of the Royal Building School Munich from the year 1826.

In addition, from 1813 on every two years the Vorherrische Architekturpreis was awarded for the skilful apprentice apprentice of the Munich Holiday School in the amount of a Louis d'or.

Students

• Johann Georg Behringer
• Georg Bierling
• Bernhard Borst
• Johann Nepomuk Bürkel
• Georg Hartl
• Sebastian Hartl
• Jakob Heilmann
• Josef Unterpaintner

Professors

• Dr. Karl Wilhelm Dempp
• Franz Xaver Eichheim
• Sebastian Haindl
• Dr. Georg Nagler
• Jakob Paris
• Xaver Perzl
• Carl August Reuter
• Lorenz Schröpf
• Ludwig Schwanthaler
• Joseph Sedlmair
• Wilhelm Stephani
• Franz Zell
• Eduard Zimmermann

Literature

• Stadtarchiv München: estate Gustav Vorherr, nos. 4, 21 and 23 
  
• New Common Artist Lexicon. 1852. pp. 539-541
•  Regina Prinz: The architect Gustav Vorherr (1778-1848) and the idea of country beautification. In: Journal of Bavarian History, 59, 1996. 
• Georg Waldemer: From "Sonnenbau" and "Mountain Style", to the history of rural building in Upper Bavaria from 1800-1850. In: Nicer home 3, 1886 
• Winfried Nerdinger: Classicism in Bavaria and Swabia, Munich, 1981
• Uta Poss: Is the Upper Palatinate farmhouse "Berlin"? A circumstantial process. In: Bavarian Leaves for Folklore, 2002/1
• Monthly Journal for Construction and Landscaping No. 9, Munich, 1823 
• Klaus Bäumler: Franz Xaver Eichheim (1806-1878) - The Munich School of Construction, Munich, undated