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Francis Hutcheson: Influence in the American Colonies
Norman Fiering, a specialist in the intellectual history of colonial New England, has described Francis Hutcheson as “probably the most influential and respected moral philosopher in America in the eighteenth century.”[1] Hutcheson's early Inquiry into the Original of Our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue, introducing his perennial association of "unalienable rights" with the collective right to resist oppressive government, was used at Harvard College as a textbook as early as the 1730s. [2] In 1761, Hutcheson was publicly endorsed in the annual semi-official Massachusetts Election Sermon as "an approved writer on ethics." [3] Hutcheson's Short Introduction to Moral Philosophy was used as a textbook at the College of Philadelphia in the 1760s. [4] Francis Alison, the professor of moral philosophy at the College of Philadelphia, was a former student of Hutcheson who closely followed Hutcheson’s thought.[5] Alison's students included "a surprisingly large number of active, well-known patriots,” including three signers of the Declaration of Independence, who "learned their patriotic principles from Hutcheson and Alison.” [6] Another signer of the Declaration of Independence, John Witherspoon of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University), relied heavily on Hutcheson's views in his own lectures on moral philosophy. [7][8]
- ^ Fiering, Norman (1981). Moral Philosophy at Seventeenth-Century Harvard: A Discipline in Transition. University of North Carolina Press. p. 199.
- ^ Fiering. p. 199.
{{cite book}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ Stevens, Benjamin (1761). A Sermon Preached at Boston Before the Great and General Court or Assembly of the Province of Massachusetts Bay in New England, May 27, 1761. Boston. pp. 63–64.
- ^ Robbins, Caroline (Apr. 1954). "'When It Is That Colonies May Turn Independent:' An Analysis of the Environment and Politics of Francis Hutcheson (1694-1746)". The William and Mary Quarterly. 3rd Ser. 11 (no. 2): 215–16.
{{cite journal}}:|issue=has extra text (help); Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^
Sloan, Douglas (1971). The Scottish Enlightenment and the American College Ideal. New York. p. 88.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Norton, David Fate (1976). "Francis Hutcheson in America". Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century. 154: 1548, 1566, 1567.
- ^ Witherspoon, John (1982). Jack Scott (ed.). An Annotated Edition of Lectures on Moral Philosophy. Newark: University of Delaware Press. pp. 27, 29, 35–37.
- ^ Sloan. pp. 122–25.
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Plowden sources:
Commodities: http://www.archive.org/details/commoditiesofila00shea
Original Plowden petition: http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924025959390
Scheyichbi And The Strand: Or, Early Days Along the Delaware, By Edward S. Wheeler (page 28!) http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=MU4mWLZsEwwC&pg=PA29&dq=Plowden+albion+Delaware&hl=en&ei=JCfhS5uTOJPl-Qbf08XVDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Plowden%20albion%20Delaware&f=false