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Cancer

Cancer could be defined as the uncontrollable growth of the cells inside the human body, caused by the disorder in the genes. In medical terms, the tumor formed by the uncontrollably growing cells is named as cancer. However, every tumor is not cancer. Two different types of tumors have been discovered till date and they are named as malignant and benign. A malignant tumor is comparatively more dangerous than the benign tumor and it is a cancer. It invades surrounding tissues and spreads to other parts of the body. Once the cancer cells spread to the surrounding tissue it is likely to recur even after the removal of the tumor. In contrast, benign tumor is not a cancer. It does not invade or spread to the surrounding tissue and grows slowly. Unlike the case in malignant tumor, a benign tumor does not recur once it is removed.

Description

The body of every humans relies on the trillions of the cells that it consists. These cells provide a structure for the body, absorbs the nutrients from the food, convert those nutrients into energy, and permits the body to function properly. Like the reliance of human body on the cells, cells are also dependent on another factor known as genes. Genes produces protein which assist the cells to activate and function inside the human body. For example, with their growing age, the cells inside the human bodies grows, divides, and replaces each other and during this process, the proteins produced by genes control the processes of cell growth and division, and enable the body to respirate, to think, and to move. But there is likelihood of occurring certain mutation to the DNA molecule that can disrupt the genes and cause defect in the proteins produced by the genes. This defect in the proteins can decline or completely terminate protein’s control on the growth and the division of the cells and consequently causes the cell to grow uncontrollably that ultimately forms a new growth known as tumor or neoplasm.

Causes

Cancer is a group of diseases or so called tumor that occurs in different organ of human body, thereby having many possible causes. Due to its complex manner of occurrence and varieties in its kinds, the exact cause of cancer has still remained a topic for discussion. However, based on the findings discovered from the researches conducted on this topic, scientist have listed several factors and claimed it to be the possible cause of cancer. These factors have been subgrouped under the three major cancer causing factors and they are environmental factor, lifestyle factor, and physical activity.

Physical Activity

Physical activity is anything that keeps our skeletal muscles in motion and requires more energy than does resting. Running, cycling, swimming, and playing physical games etc are some activities that people can get themselves into inorder to maintain their physical fitness. Physical activities are the most essential and effective practices that anyone could implement in their daily life inorder to maintain the balance between the number of calories consumed and the number of calories used. However, ther might be people who questions about the importance of getting involved in physical workout. They may argue about the time that needs to be spend to conduct all these physical workouts that does not pay them a single penny. If you hold the same opinion then you should take a look at this fact that scientist have discovered through their research. Obesity is linked to the increased risks of 13 different cancers (1), and people who does not practices any forms of workout ends up accumulating calories inside their body which eventually leads to obesity.

Lifestyle Factor

Another factor that influences the risk of occuring cancer is our lifestyle. Our lifestyle refers to all the manners that we choose to live our life with, food we consume and other activities that we practice in daily basis. For example, some people are habituated in smoking cigarette, drinking alcohol and chewing Tobacco etc. and through many research and studies, scientist have reasonably proven these habits to be a leading cause of cancer. The information about the findings of the negative effects that some of our habitual act possess to our health has been already widespread worldwide. But it's not the matter of lack of awareness, it's a matter of lack of commitment. Despite knowing the fact that practices such as uncontrolled diet, smoking cigarette, drinking alcohol etc. increases the risk for an individual to develop cancer, people still continues to conduct these activities.

Cancer In Women

Although facts and figures shows that the rate of deaths caused by cancer diagnosis is approximately equal in men and women, the cause of death due the cancer in different body organs varies among men and women.

Reproductive Cancer

Uterine Cancer

Uterine Sarcoma is the tumor that develops in the muscles and supporting tissues of uterus. To understand the Uterine Sarcomas first one need to learn about all the tissues connected with the entire body of uterus.The lower end of the uterus is cervix that extends into vagina and the upper part of the uterus is corpus, also referred as the body. Uterus consist an inner layer or lining known as endometrium. Its outside part is coated with a layer of tissue serosa. Further, unteres consist a thick layer in its middle. That thick layer is denoted as myometrium and it plays a key role in pushing a baby out during childbirth. American cancer society has predicted that out of 63,230 cases of cancer estimated to occured in 2018 5058 will be uterine sarcoma.

Endometrial Carcinomas

Endometrial Carcinomas is an aftermath of the uncontrollably growing cells in the inner lining of the uterus, also known as endometrium. Researchers have divided this type of cancer into three different grades. Grading has been done based on the extent of risk it possess to an individual's life and the glands that the cancer forms.<citation: ACS statistics 2> For example: Grade 1= It includes tumors that comprises 95% or more of the cancerous tissue forming glands. Grade 2= It comprises tumors that have between 50% and 94% of the cancerous tissue forming glands. Grade 3= tumors have less than half of the cancerous tissue forming glands. Grade 3 cancers tend to be aggressive and have a poorer outlook than lower-grade cancers. Both grade 1 and 2 are listed as type 1 cancer that this type of cancer are comparatively less aggressive and do not spread as quickly as the the type 2 cancer does.Type 1 endometrial cancers are believed to be caused by excess estrogen. However, atypical hyperplasia, an abnormal overgrowth of cells in the endometrium are also in the list of the cause of this type of cancer.

In contrast to type, type 2 cancer are extremely aggressive and possess a high potential to spread outside the uterus, quickly. ACS Statistics 3

'ADA amendment act of 2008'

Considering the increasing rates of discriminatory employment practices against people with disabilities, the US government have issued a federal law known as American with disabilities (ADA) under the ADA amendment act of 2008 (ADAAA) that prohibits any employer to discriminate their employee based on their medical history. This law was implemented with a purpose of eradicating the unfair practices that people with disabilities have to confront in their workplace. As the cancer substantially limits an individual ability to function the major life activity of normal cell growth, ADAAA has included cancer patient in the list of people with disabilities. Majority of the employer holds a false belief that the cancer patients are not capable to do their job properly and may ask for leave days relatively more than employee without any disabilities does. Due to this kinds of misperception regarding the people with cancer, most of the cancer patient have to confront discrimination in their workplace.