User:Pushpanjali kumari

--Pushpanjali kumari (talk) 16:02, 14 October 2013 (UTC)--Pushpanjali kumari (talk) 16:02, 14 October 2013 (UTC)====Polyneoptera ====

polyneoptera or Orthopteroid are a group of insect which are wingless or winged, having Mandibulate mouth parts,Hind wings bearing a large anal lobe and presence of minimum number of malphigian tubules. The insects of this order have biting and chewing mouthparts and the fore wings are modified to tegmina that lie straight .The hind legs are modified for jumping.The female have well-develop ovipositors which are often used for digging holes in the soil where eggs are deposited. Stridulatory and auditory apparatus are well developed in many of the species There are three main groups of this order and they are abundant in the tropical areas those with 4-segmented tarsi,long antennae and laterally compressed ovipositors and long horned grasshopper,e.g.kitydid(Tettigoniidae). Those with 3-segmented tarsi.long antennae and long straight ovipositors and the crickets(Gryllidae).The mole cricket(Gryllotalpidae)also belong to this group,but in case the ovipositors are vestigial and the fore legs are fossorial ,modified for digging.They generally live a subterranean life and may do serious damage to the roots of crops.In both these groups,sound is produced by rubbing the wings and the auditory organs are the fore tibia. The third group is that of short-horned grasshopper and locusts(Acrididae),with 3-segmented tarsi,short antennae and short stout ovupositors.They produce sound by rubbing the hind femur against the fore wings. the auditory organs are located on the first abdominal segment.The desert locust,Schistocerca gregaria(Forskal),is the best-known exemple and it is the most notorious pest and scourage throughout the ages.It has two phases.in the solitary phase,it lives like other grasshopper in its natural habitat in Arabia and north Africa.In the gregarious phase,it move in swarms,many kilometers long from one contry to another,leaving nat a single blade of green vegetation behind.In the past,it has been the causes of famines and the change of kingdom.