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History Chapter Review Section Two

P404

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10. Yes — it took ingenuity to do these things without machinery.

11. Resources were traded between regions.

P405

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1. B
2. C
3. A
4. C
5. C
6. A
7. D

History Chapter Fifteen, Lesson One

Key Terms

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• Causeways — Raised roads across water or wet ground.
• Conquistadors — Soldiers.
• Hernan Cortes — Believed to be a god by the Aztecs.
• Moctezume ll — The ruler who thought Hernan to be a god.

Outline

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I) The Aztec Empire A) The Aztecs Build An Empire 1) War, Tribute, and Trade (a) The first Aztecs were poor farmers from northern Mexico. They migrated south in the 1100s. Other tribes had taken the farmland, so the Aztecs settled on a swampy island in the middle of Lake Texcoco (tays-KoH-koh). By the early 1500s, the Aztecs ruled the most powerful empire in Mesoamerica. (b) War was key to the Aztecs' rise to power. The fierce Aztec warriors conquered many towns. The Aztecs made the people in the cities they conquered pay tribute with goods like cotton, gold, or food. This system was the basis,of the Aztec astronomy. The Aztecs also controlled a huge trade network. ,Most towns in the empire had a market. (c) Nowhere was the Aztec Empire's power and wealth more visible than in its capital, Tenochtithin (taY-NAwcH-teet-LAHN). The city's island location made travel and trade difficult, so the Aztecs built three wide causeways connecting the island to the shore. The water around the capital was undrinkable. For fresh water, the Aztecs built a stone channel to bring water from far away. With little farmland available, they built "floating gardens" on rafts tied to trees in the water. 2) Tenochtitlan (a) At its height, Tenochtithin was one of the world's largest cities, with some 200,000 people. The city featured a stunning array of temples and palaces, and a busy market. But the arrival of Europeans soon destroyed the city-and the Aztec Empire. CORTES CONQUERS THE AZTECS 1) Cortes and Moctezuma (a) In the late 1400s Spanish explorers and soldiers called conquistadors arrived in the Americas, seeking gold and desiring to spread their religion. Hernan Cortes (er-NAHN kawr-TAYs) led conquistadors into Mexico in 1519. The ruler of the Aztecs, Moctezuma II (MAwK-tay-soo-mah), thought Cortes was a god. Moctezuma sent Cortes many gifts, including gold. Wanting more gold, Cortes marched to the Aztec capitaL When he got there Moctezuma welcomed him, but Cortes took the emperor prisoner. (b) Enraged, the Aztecs attacked the Spanish and drove them out of the city. In the confusion Moctezuma was killed. Before long Cortes and his men came back, this time with reinforcements. In 1521 they conquered Tenochtithin. (c) To defeat the empire, the Spanish allied with tribes who did not like paying the Aztec rulers. The conquistadors used guns and rode horses. Their attack terrified the Aztecs, who had never seen guns or horses before. The Spanish also carried diseases like smallpox from Europe. These diseases weakened and killed many Aztecs.

Assesment

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1A) They built causeways, or raised paths to allow them to cross marshes. 1B) They built gardens and buildings on the water. 1C) It protected them, but limited resources. 2A) It was Moctezume ll. 2B) They did not want to pay tribute. 2C) He was too gullible. 3) War Experts, Good Agriculture, Good Defense, Strong Control