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Ayutthaya Kingdom (1351–1767)[edit]
U-thong dynasty (1351–1370)[edit]
The U-thong dynasty was originated by U-thong, a local ruler in central Thailand. In 1351, he founded the city of city of Ayutthaya on the Chao Phraya River, establishing the kingdom of the same name; he reigned with the regnal title of Ramathibodi.[1]: 222
| Portrait | Name | Reign | Succession | Life details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Ramathibodi I รามาธิบดีที่ ๑ Somdet Phra Ramathibodi |
4 March 1351[2] – 1369 (approx. 18 years) |
Monarchy established | 1314 – 1369 (aged 63) Born U-thong. Origin is disputed. Founded Ayutthaya in 1351 |
| File:สมเด็จพระราเมศวร.jpg | Ramesuan ราเมศวร Somdet Phra Ramesuan |
1369 – 1370 (less than one year) |
Son of Ramathibodi I | 1339 – 1395 (aged 56) First reign ended when he was usurped by his relative, the king of Suphan Buri, who would rule in Ayutthaya as Borommarachathirat I |
Suphannaphum dynasty (1370–1388)[edit]
Ayutthaya was closely connected to the neighboring city of Suphan Buri ruled by the Suphannaphum dynasty, another branch of the family of Ramathibodi I. They ruled only in Suphan Buri until Borommarachathirat I usurped Ramesuan in 1370 and unified the two states.[3] Under his rule, Sukhothai was also subjugated.
The dynasty is named for the city, originally founded as Dvaravati Sri Suvarnabhumi (Thai: ทพทวารวดีศรีสุวรรณภูมิ; RTGS: Thawarawadi Si Suwannaphum). Some historical scholars believe this etymology is evidence of Suphan Buri being the legendary Suvarnabhumi of Indian legend.[4]
| Portrait | Name | Reign | Succession | Life details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Borommarachathirat I บรมราชาธิราชที่ ๑ Somdet Phra Borommarachathirat |
1370 – 1388 (18 years) |
Brother-in-law of Ramathibodi I and uncle of Ramesuan | 1310 – 1388 (aged 78) King of Suphan Buri before usurping Ramesuan. Died en route to battle | |
| 1438: Unification with Ayutthaya ends Sukhothai autonomy. | ||||
|
Thong Lan ทองลัน Somdet Phra Chao Thong Lan |
1388 – 1388 (7 days) |
Son of Borommarachathirat I | 1374 – 1388 (aged 14) Usurped and executed by Ramesuan. First Thai king to be executed |
U-thong dynasty, restored (1388–1409)[edit]
In 1388, Ramesuan restored himself to the throne by capturing and executing Thong Lan.[5] This reestablished the U-thong dynasty to the throne of Ayutthaya, but the effort was short-lived.
| Portrait | Name | Reign | Succession | Life details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:สมเด็จพระราเมศวร.jpg | Ramesuan ราเมศวร Somdet Phra Ramesuan |
1388 – 1395 (7 years) |
Son of Ramathibodi I and cousin of Thong Lan | 1339 – 1395 (aged 56) Executed Thong Lan and restored himself as king |
|
|
Ramrachathirat รามราชาธิราช Somdet Phra Ramrachathirat |
1395 – 1309 (14 years) |
Son of Ramesuan | 1356 – unknown (age unknown) Usurped by Intharacha, nephew of Borommarachathirat I, whom he had named to rule in Suphan Buri. Died in exile at an unknown date |
Suphannaphum dynasty, restored (1409–1569)[edit]
Short paragraph.
- ^ Coedès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.). The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
- ^ Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk (2017). A History of Ayutthaya: Siam in the Early Modern World. Cambridge University Press. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-316-64113-2.
- ^ p. 431, 'The Collins Encyclopedia of Military History' (4th edition), Dupuy & Dupuy, 1993.
- ^ Manit Vallibhotama, "Muang U-Thong", Muang Boran Journal, Volume 14, no.1, January–March 1988, pp.29-44. Warunee Osatharom, Muang Suphan Through Changing Periods, Bangkok, Thammasat University Press, 2004.
- ^ Čhansuwan, ‘Ēkkarāt (2011). Samretthōt nư̄a rātchabanlang สำเร็จโทษเหนือราชบัลลังก์ [Deaths Over the Throne] (in Thai). Bangkok: Yipsī. ISBN 9786167071329.