@@@
^^^^42nd parallel north^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=42}}
{{about|the [[circle of latitude]]|the novel "The 42nd Parallel" by [[John Dos Passos]]|U.S.A. trilogy}}
The '''42nd parallel north''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 42 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[true north|north]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses [[Europe]], the [[Mediterranean Sea]], [[Asia]], the [[Pacific Ocean]], [[North America]], and the [[Atlantic Ocean]].
At this latitude the [[sun]] is visible for 15 hours, 15 minutes during the [[summer solstice]] and 9 hours, 7 minutes during the [[winter solstice]].<ref>http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/Dur_OneYear.php</ref>
==Geography==
{{kml}}
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 42° north passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! width="125" | Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| {{ESP}}
| Passing just north of [[Girona]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|42|0|N|3|11|E|type:waterbody|name=Mediterranean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Mediterranean Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|8|39|E|type:country|name=France}}
| {{FRA}}
| Island of [[Corsica]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|42|0|N|9|27|E|type:waterbody|name=Mediterranean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Mediterranean Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Tyrrhenian Sea]]
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|11|58|E|type:country|name=Italy}}
| {{ITA}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|42|0|N|15|0|E|type:waterbody|name=Adriatic Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Adriatic Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|19|9|E|type:country|name=Montenegro}}
| {{MNE}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|19|23|E|type:country|name=Albania}}
| {{ALB}}
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|42|0|N|20|37|E|type:country|name=Kosovo}}
| {{flag|Kosovo}}
| [[International recognition of Kosovo|Partially recognised]] as an independent state - claimed by {{SRB}}
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|20|46|E|type:country|name=Macedonia}}
| {{MKD}}
| Passing through [[Skopje]]
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|22|52|E|type:country|name=Bulgaria}}
| {{BGR}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|26|56|E|type:country|name=Turkey}}
| {{TUR}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|27|25|E|type:country|name=Bulgaria}}
| {{BGR}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|27|51|E|type:country|name=Turkey}}
| {{TUR}}
| For about 3km
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|27|53|E|type:country|name=Bulgaria}}
| {{BGR}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|42|0|N|28|2|E|type:waterbody|name=Black Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Black Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|33|17|E|type:country|name=Turkey}}
| {{TUR}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|42|0|N|33|34|E|type:waterbody|name=Black Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Black Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|34|52|E|type:country|name=Turkey}}
| {{TUR}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|42|0|N|35|7|E|type:waterbody|name=Black Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Black Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|41|45|E|type:country|name=Georgia}}
| {{GEO}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|46|5|E|type:country|name=Russia}}
| {{RUS}}
| [[Dagestan]] - For about 2km
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|46|7|E|type:country|name=Georgia}}
| {{GEO}}
| For about 3km
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|46|9|E|type:country|name=Russia}}
| {{RUS}}
| [[Dagestan]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|42|0|N|48|20|E|type:waterbody|name=Caspian Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Caspian Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|52|27|E|type:country|name=Kazakhstan}}
| {{KAZ}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|52|48|E|type:country|name=Turkmenistan}}
| {{TKM}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|54|51|E|type:country|name=Kazakhstan}}
| {{KAZ}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|56|0|E|type:country|name=Uzbekistan}}
| {{UZB}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|57|10|E|type:country|name=Turkmenistan}}
| {{TKM}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|60|0|E|type:country|name=Uzbekistan}}
| {{UZB}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|66|0|E|type:country|name=Kazakhstan}}
| {{KAZ}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|70|20|E|type:country|name=Uzbekistan}}
| {{UZB}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|70|50|E|type:country|name=Kyrgyzstan}}
| {{KGZ}}
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|42|0|N|79|50|E|type:country|name=China}}
| {{PRC}}
| [[Xinjiang]] <br/
> [[Gansu]] <br/
> [[Inner Mongolia]]
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|103|3|E|type:country|name=Mongolia}}
| {{MNG}}
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|42|0|N|105|56|E|type:country|name=China}}
| {{PRC}}
| Inner Mongolia<br/
> [[Hebei]]<br/
> Inner Mongolia<br/
> Hebei<br/
> Inner Mongolia <br/
> Hebei <br/
> Inner Mongolia <br/
> [[Liaoning]] <br/
> Inner Mongolia <br/
> Liaoning <br/
> [[Jilin]]
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|128|3|E|type:country|name=North Korea}}
| {{PRK}}
| Passing through [[Baekdu Mountain]]
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|128|29|E|type:country|name=China}}
| {{PRC}}
| Jilin (for about 8 km)
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|128|34|E|type:country|name=North Korea}}
| {{PRK}}
|
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|42|0|N|130|2|E|type:waterbody|name=Sea of Japan}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Sea of Japan]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of [[Okushiri Island]], {{JPN}}
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|140|7|E|type:country|name=Japan}}
| {{JPN}}
| Island of [[Hokkaidō]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|42|0|N|140|53|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|143|9|E|type:country|name=Japan}}
| {{JPN}}
| Island of [[Hokkaidō]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|42|0|N|143|15|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|42|0|N|124|13|W|type:country|name=United States}}
| {{USA}}
| [[Oregon]] / [[California]] border<br/
> Oregon / [[Nevada]] border<br/
> [[Idaho]] / Nevada border<br/
> Idaho / [[Utah]] border<br/
> [[Wyoming]]<br/
> [[Nebraska]]<br/
> [[Iowa]]<br/
> [[Illinois]] - passing through [[Chicago]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|42|0|N|87|39|W|type:waterbody|name=Lake Michigan}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Lake Michigan]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|86|33|W|type:country|name=United States}}
| {{USA}}
| [[Michigan]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|42|0|N|83|11|W|type:waterbody|name=Lake Erie}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Lake Erie]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|82|58|W|type:country|name=Canada}}
| {{CAN}}
| [[Ontario]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|42|0|N|82|29|W|type:waterbody|name=Lake Erie}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Lake Erie]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|42|0|N|80|26|W|type:country|name=United States}}
| {{USA}}
| [[Pennsylvania]] ([[Erie County, Pennsylvania|Erie County]])<br/
> New York / Pennsylvania border<br/
> [[New York]]<br/
> [[Connecticut]] - running just south of the border with [[Massachusetts]]<br/
> [[Rhode Island]] - running just south of the border with Massachusetts<br/
> Massachusetts
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|42|0|N|70|42|W|type:waterbody|name=Cape Cod Bay}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Cape Cod Bay]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|70|5|W|type:country|name=United States}}
| {{USA}}
| Massachusetts ([[Cape Cod]])
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|42|0|N|70|2|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|8|53|W|type:country|name=Spain}}
| {{ESP}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|8|39|W|type:country|name=Portugal}}
| {{PRT}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|42|0|N|8|7|W|type:country|name=Spain}}
| {{ESP}}
|
|}
==United States==
The parallel 42° north forms most of the [[New York-Pennsylvania border]], although due to imperfect surveying in [[1785]]–[[1786]], this boundary wanders around on both sides of the true parallel. The area around the parallel in this region is known as the [[Twin Tiers]].
The 42nd parallel became agreed upon as the northward limit of the [[Spanish Empire]] by the [[Adams-Onís Treaty]] of 1819 with the [[United States]], which established the parallel as the border between the [[New Spain|Viceroyality of New Spain]] of the [[Kingdom of Spain]] and the western territory of the [[United States of America]] from the [[Meridian (geography)|meridian]] of the [[headwaters]] of the [[Arkansas River]] west to the [[Pacific Ocean]].<ref>{{cite book |last= Nugent |first= Walter |title= Habits of Empire: A History of American Expansion |publisher= Alfred A. Knopf |year= 2008 |isbn= 978-1-4000-4292-0 |pages= 161, 166–167}}</ref> The [[Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo]] of 1848 then ceded much of what was then northern [[Mexico]] to the [[United States]]; as a result, the northernmost [[U.S. state]]s which were created from Mexican territory ([[California]], [[Nevada]], and [[Utah]]) have the parallel 42° north as their northern border, and the adjoining [[U.S. state]]s of [[Oregon]] and [[Idaho]] have the parallel as their southern border.
The parallel passes through the states of [[Wyoming]], [[Nebraska]], [[Iowa]], [[Illinois]], [[Michigan]], [[Pennsylvania]], [[New York]], [[Connecticut]], [[Rhode Island]] and [[Massachusetts]], and passes through (or near - within one-half degree of latitude) the following cities in the United States:
*[[Crescent City, California]]
*[[Medford, Oregon]]
*[[Yreka, California]]
*[[Des Moines, Iowa]]
*[[Chicago, Illinois]]
*[[Toledo, Ohio]]
*[[Detroit, Michigan]]
*[[Cleveland, Ohio]]
*[[Erie, Pennsylvania]]
*[[Binghamton, New York]]
*[[Hartford, Connecticut]]
*[[Springfield, Massachusetts]]
*[[Providence, Rhode Island]]
*[[Boston, Massachusetts]].
==Canada==
The parallel 42° north passes through the southern end of [[Lake Michigan]] and [[Lake Erie]]. Part of the water boundary between [[Canada]] and the United States passes south of the 42nd parallel, and the southern tip of the Canadian province of [[Ontario]] just barely goes south of it - this is located at [[Point Pelee]] and [[Pelee Island]].
==See also==
*[[41st parallel north]]
*[[43rd parallel north]]
* The [[Twin Tiers]] region of New York and Pennsylvania
* The "[[Jefferson (Pacific state)|Jefferson]]" region of Oregon and California
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:42nd Parallel North}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
[[:Category:Borders of Oregon]]
[[:Category:Borders of California]]
[[:Category:Borders of Nevada]]
[[:Category:Borders of Utah]]
[[:Category:Borders of Idaho]]
[[:Category:Borders of New York]]
[[:Category:Borders of Pennsylvania]]
[[ko:북위 42도]]
[[it:42º parallelo Nord]]
[[mk:42-ри северен напоредник]]
[[pt:Paralelo 42 N]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^70th parallel south^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=-70}}
{{kml}}
The '''70th parallel south''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 70 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[south]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]] in the [[Antarctic]]. The parallel passes through the [[Southern Ocean]] and [[Antarctica]].
Mariners regard the waters in the 70° south as "Godless".{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}}
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 70° south passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Width="125" | Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-
| {{Coord|70|0|S|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Queen Maud Land]], [[Territorial claims of Antarctica|claimed]] by {{NOR}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|70|0|S|3|16|E|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | South of the [[Atlantic Ocean]]
|-
| {{Coord|70|0|S|6|22|E|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Queen Maud Land]], [[Territorial claims of Antarctica|claimed]] by {{NOR}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|70|0|S|21|9|E|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | South of the [[Indian Ocean]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|70|0|S|26|32|E|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Queen Maud Land]], [[Territorial claims of Antarctica|claimed]] by {{NOR}}<br/
> [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[Territorial claims of Antarctica|claimed]] by {{AUS}}<br/
> [[Adélie Land]], [[Territorial claims of Antarctica|claimed]] by {{FRA}}<br/
> [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[Territorial claims of Antarctica|claimed]] by {{AUS}}<br/
> [[Ross Dependency]], [[Territorial claims of Antarctica|claimed]] by {{NZL}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|70|0|S|160|34|E|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | South of the [[Pacific Ocean]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|70|0|S|74|39|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Alexander Island]] and [[Antarctic Peninsula]] - [[Territorial claims of Antarctica|claimed]] by {{ARG}}, {{CHL}} and {{UK}} (overlapping claims)
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|70|0|S|60|33|W|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Weddell Sea]], south of the [[Atlantic Ocean]]
|-
| {{Coord|70|0|S|1|57|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Queen Maud Land]], [[Territorial claims of Antarctica|claimed]] by {{NOR}}
|}
==See also==
*[[69th parallel south]]
*[[71st parallel south]]
*[[List of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:70th Parallel South}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
[[:Category:Geography of Antarctica]]
[[fr:70e parallèle sud]]
[[pt:Paralelo 70 S]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^20th parallel north^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=20}}
{{kml}}
The '''20th parallel north''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 20 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[true north|north]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses [[Africa]], [[Asia]], the [[Indian Ocean]], the [[Pacific Ocean]], [[North America]], the [[Caribbean]] and the [[Atlantic Ocean]].
The parallel defines part of the border between [[Libya]] and [[Sudan]], and within Sudan it defines the border between the [[Northern, Sudan|Northern]] and [[North Darfur]] states.
At this latitude the [[sun]] is visible for 13 hours, 21 minutes during the [[summer solstice]] and 10 hours, 55 minutes during the [[winter solstice]].<ref>http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/Dur_OneYear.php</ref>
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 20° north passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! width="125" | Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-
| {{Coord|20|0|N|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| {{MLI}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|20|0|N|2|43|E|type:country|name=Algeria}}
| {{DZA}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|20|0|N|6|27|E|type:country|name=Niger}}
| {{NER}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|20|0|N|15|47|E|type:country|name=Chad}}
| {{TCD}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|20|0|N|23|3|E|type:country|name=Libya}}
| {{LBY}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|20|0|N|26|0|E|type:country|name=Libya / Sudan border}}
| {{LBY}} / {{SDN}} border
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|20|0|N|25|0|E|type:country|name=Sudan}}
| {{SDN}}
| The parallel defines the border between the [[Northern, Sudan|Northern]] and [[North Darfur]] states
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|20|0|N|37|11|E|type:waterbody|name=Red Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Red Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|20|0|N|40|28|E|type:country|name=Saudi Arabia}}
| {{SAU}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|20|0|N|55|0|E|type:country|name=Oman}}
| {{OMN}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|20|0|N|57|48|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Arabian Sea]] - Passing just south of [[Masirah Island]], {{OMN}}
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|20|0|N|72|43|E|type:country|name=India}}
| {{IND}}
| [[Maharashtra]]<br/
> [[Chhattisgarh]]<br/
> [[Orissa]]<br/
> Chhattisgarh<br/
> Orissa
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|20|0|N|86|23|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Bay of Bengal]]
|-
| {{Coord|20|0|N|92|57|E|type:country|name=Myanmar}}
| {{MMR}} (Burma)
|
|-
| {{Coord|20|0|N|99|3|E|type:country|name=Thailand}}
| {{THA}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|20|0|N|100|32|E|type:country|name=Laos}}
| {{LAO}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|20|0|N|104|58|E|type:country|name=Vietnam}}
| {{VNM}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|20|0|N|106|11|E|type:waterbody|name=South China Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[South China Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Tonkin]]
|-
| {{Coord|20|0|N|110|8|E|type:country|name=China}}
| {{PRC}}
| Island of [[Hainan]] — passing just south of [[Haikou]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|20|0|N|110|56|E|type:waterbody|name=South China Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[South China Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|20|0|N|122|0|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Philippine Sea]]<br/
> - Passing between the [[Batanes Islands|Batanes]] and [[Babuyan Islands|Babuyan]] islands, {{PHL}}<br/
> - Passing just south of the [[Maug Islands]], {{MNP}}<br/
> into an unnamed part of the Ocean
|-
| {{Coord|20|0|N|155|50|W|type:country|name=United States}}
| {{USA}}
| [[Hawaii (island)|Hawaii island]], [[Hawaii]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|20|0|N|155|15|W|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|20|0|N|105|31|W|type:country|name=Mexico}}
| {{MEX}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|20|0|N|96|33|W|type:waterbody|name=Gulf of Mexico}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Mexico]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Bay of Campeche]]
|-
| {{Coord|20|0|N|90|28|W|type:country|name=Mexico}}
| {{MEX}}
| [[Yucatán Peninsula]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|20|0|N|87|28|W|type:waterbody|name=Caribbean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Caribbean Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|20|0|N|77|38|W|type:country|name=Cuba}}
| {{CUB}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|20|0|N|74|52|W|type:waterbody|name=Caribbean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Caribbean Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Windward Passage]]
|-
| {{Coord|20|0|N|72|43|W|type:country|name=Haiti}}
| {{HTI}}
| Island of [[Tortuga (Haiti)|Tortuga]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|20|0|N|74|52|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of the island of [[Hispaniola]], {{DOM}}
|-
| {{Coord|20|0|N|19|14|W|type:country|name=Mauritania}}
| {{MRT}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|20|0|N|5|59|W|type:country|name=Mali}}
| {{MLI}}
|
|}
==See also==
*[[19th parallel north]]
*[[21st parallel north]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:20th Parallel North}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
[[:Category:Libya–Sudan border]]
[[es:Paralelo 20 Norte]]
[[gl:Paralelo 20° N]]
[[pt:Paralelo 20 N]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^83rd parallel north^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=83}}
{{kml}}
The '''83rd parallel north''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 83 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[true north|north]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]], in the [[Arctic]]. It passes through the [[Arctic Ocean]] and [[North America]].
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 83° north passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! width="125" | Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|83|0|N|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Arctic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|83|0|N|77|25|W|type:country|name=Canada}}
| {{CAN}}
| [[Nunavut]] - [[Ellesmere Island]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|83|0|N|68|18|W|type:waterbody|name=Lincoln Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Lincoln Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|83|0|N|46|45|W|type:country|name=Greenland}}
| {{GRL}}
| [[Sverdrup Island (Greenland)|Sverdrup Island]], the mainland, [[Borup Island]], [[MacMillan Island]] and the mainland again
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|83|0|N|24|45|W|type:waterbody|name=Arctic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Arctic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
|}
==See also==
*[[82nd parallel north]]
*[[84th parallel north]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:83rd Parallel North}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
[[:Category:Geography of the Arctic]]
[[fr:83e parallèle nord]]
[[nl:83e breedtegraad noord]]
[[pt:Paralelo 83 N]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^26th parallel south^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=-26}}
{{kml}}
The '''26th parallel south''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 26 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[south]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses the [[Atlantic Ocean]], [[Africa]], the [[Indian Ocean]], [[Australasia]], the [[Pacific Ocean]] and [[South America]].
In Australia, the northernmost border of [[South Australia]], and the southernmost border of [[Northern Territory]] are defined by the parallel.
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 26° south passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Width="125" | Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|26|0|S|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|26|0|S|14|57|E|type:country|name=Namibia}}
| {{NAM}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|26|0|S|20|0|E|type:country|name=South Africa}}
| {{ZAF}}
| [[Northern Cape]]
|-
| {{Coord|26|0|S|20|49|E|type:country|name=Botswana}}
| {{BWA}}
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|26|0|S|22|43|E|type:country|name=South Africa}}
| {{ZAF}}
| [[North West (South African province)|North West]]<br/
> [[Gauteng]] - passing just north of [[Johannesburg]]<br/
> [[Mpumalanga]]
|-
| {{Coord|26|0|S|31|6|E|type:country|name=Swaziland}}
| {{SWZ}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|26|0|S|32|34|E|type:country|name=Mozambique}}
| {{MOZ}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|26|0|S|32|34|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Maputo Bay]] - passing just south of [[Maputo]], {{MOZ}}
|-
| {{Coord|26|0|S|32|55|E|type:country|name=Mozambique}}
| {{MOZ}}
| [[Inhaca Island]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|26|0|S|32|59|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|26|0|S|113|6|E|type:country|name=Australia}}
| {{AUS}}
| [[Western Australia]] - [[Dirk Hartog Island]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|26|0|S|113|11|E|type:waterbody|name=Shark Bay}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Shark Bay]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|26|0|S|113|33|E|type:country|name=Australia}}
| {{AUS}}
| [[Western Australia]] - [[Peron Peninsula]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|26|0|S|113|43|E|type:waterbody|name=Shark Bay}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Shark Bay]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[L'Haridon Bight]]
|-
| {{Coord|26|0|S|113|33|E|type:country|name=Australia}}
| {{AUS}}
| [[Western Australia]] - [[Peron Peninsula]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|26|0|S|113|52|E|type:waterbody|name=Shark Bay}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Shark Bay]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Hamelin Pool Marine Nature Reserve|Hamelin Pool]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|26|0|S|114|11|E|type:country|name=Australia}}
| {{AUS}}
| [[Western Australia]]<br/
>[[Northern Territory]] / [[South Australia]] border<br/
>[[Queensland]] / [[South Australia]] border<br/
>[[Queensland]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|26|0|S|153|9|E|type:waterbody|name=Coral Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Coral Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|26|0|S|163|44|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|26|0|S|70|38|W|type:country|name=Chile}}
| {{CHL}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|26|0|S|68|26|W|type:country|name=Argentina}}
| {{ARG}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|26|0|S|57|51|W|type:country|name=Paraguay}}
| {{PRY}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|26|0|S|54|41|W|type:country|name=Argentina}}
| {{ARG}}
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|26|0|S|53|48|W|type:country|name=Brazil}}
| {{BRA}}
| [[Paraná (state)|Paraná]]<br/
> [[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|26|0|S|48|36|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|}
==See also==
*[[25th parallel south]]
*[[27th parallel south]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
[[:Category:Borders of South Australia]]
[[:Category:Borders of the Northern Territory]]
[[:Category:Borders of Queensland]]
[[fr:26e parallèle sud]]
[[pt:Paralelo 26 S]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^61st parallel south^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=-61}}
{{kml}}
The '''61st parallel south''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 61 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[south]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. No land lies on the parallel—it crosses nothing but the [[Southern Ocean]].
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 61° south passes through:
<!--
Yes, I know that this table doesn't look very good, what with it having only one line, but it is consistent with the tables in all of the other latitude and longitude articles. There's just less in it.
Please discuss before amending or removing it.
-->
:{| class="wikitable"
! Width="125" | Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|61|0|S|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | South of the [[Atlantic Ocean]]<br/
> South of the [[Indian Ocean]]<br/
> South of the [[Pacific Ocean]]<br/
> South of the [[Atlantic Ocean]]<br/
> – passing just north of [[Elephant Island]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{ARG}}, {{CHI}} and {{UK}}<br/
> – passing just north of [[Clarence Island (South Shetland Islands)|Clarence Island]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{ARG}}, {{CHI}} and {{UK}}<br/
> – passing just south of the [[South Orkney Islands]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{ARG}} and {{UK}}
|}
==See also==
*[[60th parallel south]]
*[[62nd parallel south]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
[[fr:61e parallèle sud]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^62nd parallel south^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=-62}}
{{kml}}
The '''62nd parallel south''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 62 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[south]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses the [[Southern Ocean]] and [[Antarctica]].
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 62° south passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Width="125" | Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|62|0|S|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | South of the [[Atlantic Ocean]]<br/
> South of the [[Indian Ocean]]<br/
> South of the [[Pacific Ocean]]<br/
> South of the [[Atlantic Ocean]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|62|0|S|58|36|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[King George Island (Antarctica)|King George Island]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{ARG}}, {{CHL}} and {{UK}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|62|0|S|57|39|W|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | South of the [[Atlantic Ocean]]
|}
==See also==
*[[61st parallel south]]
*[[63rd parallel south]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
[[fr:62e parallèle sud]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^63rd parallel south^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=-63}}
{{kml}}
The '''63rd parallel south''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 63 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[south]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses the [[Southern Ocean]] and [[Antarctica]].
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 63° south passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Width="125" | Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|63|0|S|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | South of the [[Atlantic Ocean]]<br/
> South of the [[Indian Ocean]]<br/
> South of the [[Pacific Ocean]]<br/
> South of the [[Atlantic Ocean]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|63|0|S|62|37|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Smith Island (South Shetland Islands)|Smith Island]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{ARG}}, {{CHL}} and {{UK}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|63|0|S|62|28|W|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|63|0|S|60|42|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Deception Island]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{ARG}}, {{CHL}} and {{UK}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|63|0|S|60|33|W|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|63|0|S|56|30|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[D'Urville Island, Antarctica|D'Urville Island]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{ARG}}, {{CHL}} and {{UK}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|63|0|S|56|8|W|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | South of the [[Atlantic Ocean]]
|}
==See also==
*[[62nd parallel south]]
*[[64th parallel south]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
[[fr:63e parallèle sud]]
[[nl:63e breedtegraad zuid]]
[[pt:Paralelo 63 S]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^64th parallel south^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=-64}}
{{kml}}
The '''64th parallel south''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 64 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[south]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses the [[Southern Ocean]] and [[Antarctica]].
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 64° south passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Width="125" | Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|64|0|S|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | South of the [[Atlantic Ocean]]<br/
> South of the [[Indian Ocean]]<br/
> South of the [[Pacific Ocean]]<br/
> South of the [[Atlantic Ocean]] - passing just north of [[Brabant Island]], [[Antarctica]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|64|0|S|61|57|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Liège Island]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{ARG}}, {{CHL}} and {{UK}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|64|0|S|61|50|W|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | South of the [[Atlantic Ocean]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|64|0|S|60|35|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Antarctic Peninsula]] and [[James Ross Island]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{ARG}}, {{CHL}} and {{UK}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|64|0|S|57|31|W|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | South of the [[Atlantic Ocean]]
|}
==See also==
*[[63rd parallel south]]
*[[65th parallel south]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
[[fr:64e parallèle sud]]
[[nl:64e breedtegraad zuid]]
[[pt:Paralelo 64 S]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^65th parallel south^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=-65}}
{{kml}}
The '''65th parallel south''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 65 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[south]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses the [[Southern Ocean]] and [[Antarctica]].
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 65° south passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Width="125" | Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|65|0|S|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | South of the [[Atlantic Ocean]]<br/
> South of the [[Indian Ocean]]<br/
> South of the [[Pacific Ocean]]<br/
> South of the [[Atlantic Ocean]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|66|0|S|63|12|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Antarctic Peninsula]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{ARG}}, {{CHL}} and {{UK}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|66|0|S|59|3|W|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | South of the [[Atlantic Ocean]]
|}
==See also==
*[[64th parallel south]]
*[[66th parallel south]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
[[fr:65e parallèle sud]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^66th parallel south^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=-66}}
{{kml}}
The '''66th parallel south''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 66 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[south]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]], about 61km north of the [[Antarctic Circle]]. It crosses the [[Southern Ocean]] and [[Antarctica]].
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 66° south passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Width="125" | Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|66|0|S|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | South of the [[Atlantic Ocean]]<br/
> South of the [[Indian Ocean]]
|-
| {{Coord|66|0|S|51|57|E|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| Territory [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|66|0|S|55|43|E|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | South of the [[Indian Ocean]]
|-
| {{Coord|66|0|S|81|36|E|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| Territory [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|66|0|S|82|32|E|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | South of the [[Indian Ocean]]
|-
| {{Coord|66|0|S|87|45|E|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| Territory [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|66|0|S|88|1|E|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | South of the [[Indian Ocean]], passing just south of [[Drygalski Island]]
|-
| {{Coord|66|0|S|95|30|E|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| Territory [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|66|0|S|104|8|E|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | South of the [[Indian Ocean]]
|-
| {{Coord|66|0|S|111|8|E|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| Territory [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|66|0|S|113|52|E|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | South of the [[Indian Ocean]]
|-
| {{Coord|66|0|S|121|18|E|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| Territory [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|66|0|S|121|44|E|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | South of the [[Indian Ocean]]
|-
| {{Coord|66|0|S|129|29|E|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| Territory [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|66|0|S|130|5|E|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | South of the [[Indian Ocean]]
|-
| {{Coord|66|0|S|134|32|E|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| Territory [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|66|0|S|135|21|E|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | South of the [[Indian Ocean]]<br/
> South of the [[Pacific Ocean]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|66|0|S|65|21|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Antarctic Peninsula]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{ARG}}, {{CHL}} and {{UK}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|66|0|S|60|18|W|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | South of the [[Atlantic Ocean]]
|}
==See also==
*[[65th parallel south]]
*[[67th parallel south]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
[[es:Paralelo 66 Sur]]
[[fr:66e parallèle sud]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^67th parallel south^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=-67}}
{{kml}}
The '''67th parallel south''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 67 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[south]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]], about 50km south of the [[Antarctic Circle]]. It crosses the [[Southern Ocean]] and [[Antarctica]].
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 67° south passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Width="125" | Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|67|0|S|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|67|0|S|48|22|E|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|67|0|S|49|34|E|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Amundsen Bay]]
|-
| {{Coord|67|0|S|50|33|E|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|67|0|S|57|23|E|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|67|0|S|82|33|E|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}<br/
> [[Adélie Land]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{FRA}}<br/
> [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|67|0|S|146|47|E|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of [[Buckle Island]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NZL}}
|-
| {{Coord|67|0|S|68|36|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Adelaide Island]] and the [[Antarctic Peninsula]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{ARG}}, {{CHL}} and {{UK}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|67|0|S|60|17|W|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Weddell Sea]]
|}
==See also==
*[[66th parallel south]]
*[[68th parallel south]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
[[fr:67e parallèle sud]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^68th parallel south^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=-68}}
{{kml}}
The '''68th parallel south''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 68 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[south]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]], in the [[Antarctic]]. It crosses the [[Southern Ocean]] and [[Antarctica]].
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 68° south passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Width="125" | Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|68|0|S|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|68|0|S|44|3|E|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Queen Maud Land]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NOR}}<br/
> [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|68|0|S|69|51|E|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|68|0|S|80|5|E|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}<br/
> [[Adélie Land]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{FRA}}<br/
> [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|68|0|S|148|31|E|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|68|0|S|67|13|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Antarctic Peninsula]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{ARG}}, {{CHL}} and {{UK}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|68|0|S|60|6|W|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Weddell Sea]]
|}
==See also==
*[[67th parallel south]]
*[[69th parallel south]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
[[fr:68e parallèle sud]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^69th parallel south^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=-69}}
{{kml}}
The '''69th parallel south''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 69 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[south]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]], in the [[Antarctic]]. It crosses the [[Southern Ocean]] and [[Antarctica]].
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 69° south passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Width="125" | Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|69|0|S|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|69|0|S|0|1|E|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Queen Maud Land]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NOR}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|69|0|S|69|51|E|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|69|0|S|33|11|E|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|69|0|S|35|4|E|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Lutzow-Holm Bay]]
|-
| {{Coord|69|0|S|39|46|E|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|69|0|S|74|55|E|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Prydz Bay]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|69|0|S|78|10|E|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}<br/
> [[Adélie Land]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{FRA}}<br/
> [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|69|0|S|156|0|E|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|69|0|S|71|47|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Alexander Island]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{ARG}}, {{CHL}} and {{UK}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|69|0|S|70|5|W|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Marguerite Bay]]
|-
| {{Coord|69|0|S|67|34|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Antarctic Peninsula]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{ARG}}, {{CHL}} and {{UK}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|69|0|S|59|15|W|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Weddell Sea]]
|-
| {{Coord|69|0|S|1|23|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Queen Maud Land]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NOR}}
|}
==See also==
*[[68th parallel south]]
*[[70th parallel south]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
[[fr:69e parallèle sud]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^71st parallel south^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=-71}}
{{kml}}
The '''71st parallel south''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 71 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[south]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]] in the [[Antarctic]]. The parallel passes through the [[Southern Ocean]] and [[Antarctica]].
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 71° south passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Width="125" | Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|71|0|S|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Queen Maud Land]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NOR}}<br/
> [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}<br/
> [[Adélie Land]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{FRA}}<br/
> [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}<br/
> [[Ross Dependency]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NZL}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|71|0|S|167|47|E|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|71|0|S|73|18|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Alexander Island]] and [[Antarctic Peninsula]] - [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{ARG}}, {{CHL}} and {{UK}} (overlapping claims)
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|71|0|S|60|24|W|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Weddell Sea]]
|-
| {{Coord|71|0|S|10|59|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Queen Maud Land]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NOR}}
|}
==See also==
*[[70th parallel south]]
*[[72nd parallel south]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^72nd parallel south^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=-72}}
{{kml}}
The '''72nd parallel south''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 72 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[south]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]] in the [[Antarctic]]. The parallel passes through the [[Southern Ocean]] and [[Antarctica]].
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 72° south passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Width="125" | Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|72|0|S|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Queen Maud Land]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NOR}}<br/
> [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}<br/
> [[Adélie Land]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{FRA}}<br/
> [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}<br/
> [[Ross Dependency]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NZL}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|72|0|S|170|38|E|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|72|0|S|102|15|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Thurston Island]] - unclaimed territory
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|72|0|S|95|36|W|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Bellingshausen Sea]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|72|0|S|74|21|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Alexander Island]] and [[Antarctic Peninsula]] - [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{ARG}}, {{CHL}} and {{UK}} (overlapping claims)
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|72|0|S|60|5|W|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Weddell Sea]]
|-
| {{Coord|72|0|S|14|33|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Queen Maud Land]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NOR}}
|}
==See also==
*[[71st parallel south]]
*[[73rd parallel south]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^73rd parallel south^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=-73}}
{{kml}}
The '''73rd parallel south''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 73 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[south]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]] in the [[Antarctic]]. The parallel passes through the [[Southern Ocean]] and [[Antarctica]].
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 73° south passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Width="125" | Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|73|0|S|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Queen Maud Land]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NOR}}<br/
> [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}<br/
> [[Adélie Land]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{FRA}}<br/
> [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}<br/
> [[Ross Dependency]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NZL}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|73|0|S|169|37|E|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Ross Sea]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|73|0|S|103|26|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| Unclaimed territory<br/
> [[Antártica Chilena Province|Antártica Chilena]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{CHL}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|73|0|S|85|46|W|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Bellingshausen Sea]]
|-
| {{Coord|73|0|S|79|3|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|Claimed]] by {{CHL}} and {{UK}} (overlapping claims)
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|73|0|S|74|17|W|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|73|0|S|73|7|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Antarctic Peninsula]] - [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{ARG}}, {{CHL}} and {{UK}} (overlapping claims)
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|73|0|S|59|48|W|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Weddell Sea]]
|-
| {{Coord|73|0|S|19|21|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Queen Maud Land]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NOR}}
|}
==See also==
*[[72nd parallel south]]
*[[74th parallel south]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^74th parallel south^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=-74}}
{{kml}}
The '''74th parallel south''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 74 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[south]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]] in the [[Antarctic]]. The parallel passes through the [[Southern Ocean]] and [[Antarctica]].
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 74° south passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Width="125" | Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|74|0|S|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Queen Maud Land]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NOR}}<br/
> [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}<br/
> [[Adélie Land]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{FRA}}<br/
> [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}<br/
> [[Ross Dependency]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NZL}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|74|0|S|166|2|E|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Ross Sea]]
|-
| {{Coord|74|0|S|127|24|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| Unclaimed territory
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|74|0|S|113|34|W|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Amundsen Sea]]
|-
| {{Coord|74|0|S|109|20|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| Unclaimed territory
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|74|0|S|107|49|W|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Amundsen Sea]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|74|0|S|102|19|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| Unclaimed territory<br/
> [[Antártica Chilena Province|Antártica Chilena]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{CHL}}<br/
> Territory [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{CHL}} and {{UK}} (overlapping claims)<br/
> Territory [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{ARG}}, {{CHL}} and {{UK}} (overlapping claims)
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|74|0|S|60|50|W|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Weddell Sea]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|74|0|S|21|13|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[British Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{UK}}<br/
> [[Queen Maud Land]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NOR}}
|}
==See also==
*[[73rd parallel south]]
*[[75th parallel south]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^75th parallel south^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=-75}}
{{kml}}
The '''75th parallel south''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 75 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[south]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]] in the [[Antarctic]]. The parallel passes through the [[Southern Ocean]] and [[Antarctica]].
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 75° south passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Width="125" | Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|75|0|S|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Queen Maud Land]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NOR}}<br/
> [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}<br/
> [[Adélie Land]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{FRA}}<br/
> [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}<br/
> [[Ross Dependency]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NZL}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|75|0|S|163|39|E|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Ross Sea]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|75|0|S|137|0|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| Unclaimed territory<br/
> [[Antártica Chilena Province|Antártica Chilena]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{CHL}}<br/
> Territory [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{CHL}} and {{UK}} (overlapping claims)<br/
> Territory [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{ARG}}, {{CHL}} and {{UK}} (overlapping claims)
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|75|0|S|61|32|W|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Weddell Sea]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|75|0|S|24|12|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[British Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{UK}}<br/
> [[Queen Maud Land]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NOR}}
|}
==See also==
*[[74th parallel south]]
*[[76th parallel south]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
[[fr:75e parallèle sud]]
[[pt:Paralelo 75 S]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^76th parallel south^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=-76}}
{{kml}}
The '''76th parallel south''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 76 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[south]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]] in the [[Antarctic]]. The parallel passes through the [[Southern Ocean]] and [[Antarctica]].
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 76° south passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Width="125" | Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|76|0|S|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Queen Maud Land]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NOR}}<br/
> [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}<br/
> [[Adélie Land]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{FRA}}<br/
> [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}<br/
> [[Ross Dependency]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NZL}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|76|0|S|162|35|E|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Ross Sea]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|76|0|S|148|5|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| Unclaimed territory<br/
> [[Antártica Chilena Province|Antártica Chilena]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{CHL}}<br/
> Territory [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{CHL}} and {{UK}} (overlapping claims)<br/
> Territory [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{ARG}}, {{CHL}} and {{UK}} (overlapping claims)
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|76|0|S|56|54|W|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Weddell Sea]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|76|0|S|27|0|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| Territory [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{ARG}} and {{UK}} (overlapping claims)<br/
> [[British Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{UK}}<br/
> [[Queen Maud Land]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NOR}}
|}
==See also==
*[[75th parallel south]]
*[[77th parallel south]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^77th parallel south^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=-77}}
{{kml}}
The '''77th parallel south''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 77 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[south]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]] in the [[Antarctic]]. The parallel passes through the [[Southern Ocean]] and [[Antarctica]].
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 77° south passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Width="125" | Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|77|0|S|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Queen Maud Land]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NOR}}<br/
> [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}<br/
> [[Adélie Land]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{FRA}}<br/
> [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}<br/
> [[Ross Dependency]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NZL}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|77|0|S|151|22|E|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Ross Sea]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|77|0|S|148|5|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Ross Dependency]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NZL}}<br/
> Unclaimed territory<br/
> [[Antártica Chilena Province|Antártica Chilena]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{CHL}}<br/
> Territory [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{CHL}} and {{UK}} (overlapping claims)<br/
> Territory [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{ARG}}, {{CHL}} and {{UK}} (overlapping claims)<br/
> Territory [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{ARG}} and {{UK}} (overlapping claims)
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|77|0|S|51|6|W|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Weddell Sea]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|77|0|S|31|27|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| Territory [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{ARG}} and {{UK}} (overlapping claims)<br/
> [[British Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{UK}}<br/
> [[Queen Maud Land]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NOR}}
|}
==See also==
*[[76th parallel south]]
*[[78th parallel south]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^78th parallel south^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=-78}}
{{kml}}
The '''78th parallel south''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 78 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[south]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]] in the [[Antarctic]]. The parallel passes through the [[Southern Ocean]] and [[Antarctica]].
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 78° south passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Width="125" | Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|78|0|S|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Queen Maud Land]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NOR}}<br/
> [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}<br/
> [[Adélie Land]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{FRA}}<br/
> [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}<br/
> [[Ross Dependency]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NZL}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|78|0|S|177|42|E|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Ross Sea]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|78|0|S|160|26|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Ross Dependency]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NZL}}<br/
> Unclaimed territory<br/
> [[Antártica Chilena Province|Antártica Chilena]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{CHL}}<br/
> Territory [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{CHL}} and {{UK}} (overlapping claims)<br/
> Territory [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{ARG}}, {{CHL}} and {{UK}} (overlapping claims)<br/
> Territory [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{ARG}} and {{UK}} (overlapping claims)
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|78|0|S|45|44|W|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Weddell Sea]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|78|0|S|42|7|W|type:country|name=Antarctica}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| Territory [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{ARG}} and {{UK}} (overlapping claims)<br/
> [[British Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{UK}}<br/
> [[Queen Maud Land]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NOR}}
|}
==See also==
*[[77th parallel south]]
*[[79th parallel south]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^79th parallel south^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=-79}}
{{kml}}
The '''79th parallel south''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 79 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[south]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]] in the [[Antarctic]]. The parallel passes through [[Antarctica]] only.
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 79° south passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Width="125" | Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|79|0|S|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| [[Antarctica]]
| [[Queen Maud Land]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NOR}}<br/
> [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}<br/
> [[Adélie Land]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{FRA}}<br/
> [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{AUS}}<br/
> [[Ross Dependency]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NZL}}<br/
> Unclaimed territory<br/
> [[Antártica Chilena Province|Antártica Chilena]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{CHL}}<br/
> Territory [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{CHL}} and {{UK}} (overlapping claims)<br/
> Territory [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{ARG}}, {{CHL}} and {{UK}} (overlapping claims)<br/
> Territory [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{ARG}} and {{UK}} (overlapping claims)<br/
> [[British Antarctic Territory]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{UK}}<br/
> [[Queen Maud Land]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NOR}}
|}
==See also==
*[[78th parallel south]]
*[[80th parallel south]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^Polar circle^^^^
[[File:Polarkreis Finnland 1975.jpg|thumb|The polar circle in Finland, 1975.]]
[[File:Polarkreis - zwischen Narvik & Mo i Rana Norwegen.JPG|thumb|The polar circle in Norway at [[Saltfjellet]] mountain plateau. The year 1940 was added to the inscription by German soldiers during World War II (along with a swastika in the centre of the number, later removed).]]
A '''polar circle''' is either the [[Arctic Circle]] or the [[Antarctic Circle]]. On [[Earth]], the Arctic Circle is located at a [[latitude]] of {{Circle of latitude|Polar}} N, and the Antarctic Circle is located at a latitude of {{Circle of latitude|Polar}} S.<ref>[http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/ubbthreads.php?ubb=showflat&Number=1157795&site_id=1#import ''Trópico en movimiento'' (in Spanish)]</ref>
Areas between each polar circle and its associated pole ([[North Pole]] or [[South Pole]]), known geographically as the [[frigid (geography)|frigid zones]], would theoretically experience at least one 24 hour period when the sun is continuously above the [[horizon]] and at least one 24 hour period when the sun is continuously below the horizon annually. However, [[atmospheric refraction]] extends the continuous daylight area while shrinking the continuous darkness area somewhat.
<br/><br/>
The exact location of the polar circles differs annually as the rotation axis of the earth shifts due to [[nutation]] and [[precession]]. Therefore the latitudes noted above are an average of those yearly changes.{{Clarify| reason = "differs annually" is an odd and not very clear form of words. What is an "average of yearly changes"? Is it an average over a number of years, an average over one year, or what? And which year(s)? |date=June 2011}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[Image:World map with polar circles.svg|300px|]]
|-
|The polar circles.
|}
==See also==
*[[Arctic Circle]]
*[[Antarctic Circle]]
*[[Polar region]]
*[[Arctic]]
*[[Antarctica]]
*[[frigid (geography)|Frigid Zones]]
*[[Polar climate]]
*[[Midnight sun|Polar day]] & [[Polar night]]
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{Geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Polar Circle}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
[[be:Палярны круг]]
[[ca:Cercle polar]]
[[cv:Поляр çаври]]
[[cs:Polární kruh]]
[[da:Polarkreds]]
[[de:Polarkreis]]
[[et:Polaarjoon]]
[[es:Círculo polar]]
[[eo:Polusa cirklo]]
[[fa:مدار قطبی]]
[[fr:Cercle polaire]]
[[fy:Poalsirkel]]
[[ko:극권]]
[[hr:Polarni krugovi]]
[[it:Circolo polare]]
[[he:חוג הקוטב]]
[[lv:Polārais loks]]
[[lt:Poliaratis]]
[[lmo:Circul Pulaar]]
[[nl:Poolcirkel]]
[[no:Polarsirklene]]
[[nn:Polarsirkel]]
[[oc:Cercle polar]]
[[ro:Cerc polar]]
[[ru:Полярный круг]]
[[sv:Polcirkel]]
[[tl:Bilog ng Artiko]]
[[uk:Полярне коло]]
[[vi:Vòng cực]]
[[zh:極圈]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^Middle latitudes^^^^
{{Unreferenced|date=December 2009}}
{{Mergeto | Temperateness |discuss=Talk:Temperateness#Middle Latitudes Merger |date=July 2009 }}
The '''middle latitudes''' are between 23°26'22" North and 66°33'39" North, and between 23°26'22" South and 66°33'39" South [[latitude]], or, the Earth's [[temperate zone]]s between the [[tropics]] and the [[Arctic]] and [[Antarctic]]. The prevailing winds in the middle latitudes are often very strong. These parts of the world also see a wide variety of fast-changing weather as [[cold air mass]]es from the poles and [[warm air mass]]es from the tropics push up and down over them, sometimes alternating within hours of each other, especially in the [[Roaring Forties|roaring forties]] (between 40 and 50 degrees latitude in both hemispheres).
This is the "nice zone".
<br />
{{Geographical coordinates}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
[[:Category:Meteorology]]
[[cs:Mírný podnebný pás]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^11th parallel north^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=11}}
{{kml}}
The '''11th parallel north''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 11 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[true north|north]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses [[Africa]], the [[Indian Ocean]], [[South Asia]], [[Southeast Asia]], the [[Pacific Ocean]], [[Central America]], [[South America]] and the [[Atlantic Ocean]].
In [[Thailand]], a 1966 cabinet resolution restricts the rights of non-Thai companies to conduct mineral exploration or mining operations north of this parallel.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=hJG2AAAAIAAJ&q=%2211th+parallel%22&dq=%2211th+parallel%22&lr=&pgis=1 Doing Business in Thailand]. By Thailand BLC Publishing Co.;(1988)</ref>
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 11° north passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| {{GHA}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|0|2|E|type:country|name=Togo}}
| {{TOG}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|0|30|E|type:country|name=Burkina Faso}}
| {{BFA}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|0|55|E|type:country|name=Benin}}
| {{BEN}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|3|45|E|type:country|name=Nigeria}}
| {{NGA}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|13|46|E|type:country|name=Cameroon}}
| {{CMR}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|15|3|E|type:country|name=Chad}}
| {{TCD}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|22|28|E|type:country|name=Central African Republic}}
| {{CAF}}
| The extreme north of the country, for about 8 km
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|22|32|E|type:country|name=Chad}}
| {{TCD}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|22|54|E|type:country|name=Sudan}}
| {{SDN}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|32|25|E|type:country|name=South Sudan}}
| {{flag|South Sudan}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|33|14|E|type:country|name=Sudan}}
| {{SDN}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|34|58|E|type:country|name=Ethiopia}}
| {{ETH}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|41|48|E|type:country|name=Djibouti}}
| {{DJI}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|42|27|E|type:country|name=Ethiopia}}
| {{ETH}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|42|47|E|type:country|name=Djibouti}}
| {{DJI}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|42|58|E|type:country|name=Somalia}}
| {{SOM}}
| [[Somaliland]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|11|0|N|43|39|E|type:waterbody|name=Gulf of Aden}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Aden]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|47|6|E|type:country|name=Somalia}}
| {{SOM}}
| [[Somaliland]] and [[Puntland]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|11|0|N|51|7|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Arabian Sea]]<br/
>Passing between the islands of [[Bingaram]] and [[Amini, India|Amini]] in {{IND}}'s [[Lakshadweep|Lakshadweep Islands]]<br/
>[[Lakshadweep Sea]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|11|0|N|75|51|E|type:country|name=India}}
| {{IND}}
| [[Kerala]]<br/
> [[Tamil Nadu]]<br/
> [[Puducherry]] - [[Karaikal district]], for about 4 km
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|11|0|N|79|51|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Bay of Bengal]]<br/
>Passing between [[Rutland Island]] and [[Little Andaman]] in {{IND}}'s [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]<br/
>[[Andaman Sea]] - passing just north of the island of [[Lanbi Kyun]], {{MMR}}
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|11|0|N|98|26|E|type:country|name=Myanmar}}
| {{MMR}} (Burma)
| Island of [[Kau-Ye Kyun]], and the mainland
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|99|6|E|type:country|name=Thailand}}
| {{THA}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|11|0|N|99|29|E|type:waterbody|name=Gulf of Thailand}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Thailand]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|103|6|E|type:country|name=Cambodia}}
| {{KHM}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|11|0|N|103|25|E|type:waterbody|name=Bay of Kompong Som}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Bay of Kompong Som]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|103|39|E|type:country|name=Cambodia}}
| {{KHM}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|105|42|E|type:country|name=Vietnam}}
| {{VNM}}
| For about 10 km
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|105|47|E|type:country|name=Cambodia}}
| {{KHM}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|106|12|E|type:country|name=Vietnam}}
| {{VNM}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|11|0|N|108|21|E|type:waterbody|name=South China Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[South China Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing through the disputed [[Spratly Islands]]
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|119|16|E|type:country|name=Philippines}}
| {{PHL}}
| Island of [[Palawan (island)|Palawan]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|11|0|N|119|30|E|type:waterbody|name=Sulu Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Sulu Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing amongst the [[Cuyo, Palawan|Cuyo Islands]], {{PHL}}
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|122|2|E|type:country|name=Philippines}}
| {{PHL}}
| Island of [[Panay]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|11|0|N|122|51|E|type:waterbody|name=Guimaras Strait}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Guimaras Strait]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|123|11|E|type:country|name=Philippines}}
| {{PHL}}
| Island of [[Negros Island|Negros]] (northernmost tip)
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|11|0|N|123|12|E|type:waterbody|name=Visayan Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Visayan Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|123|56|E|type:country|name=Philippines}}
| {{PHL}}
| Island of [[Cebu (island)|Cebu]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|11|0|N|124|2|E|type:waterbody|name=Camotes Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Camotes Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|124|26|E|type:country|name=Philippines}}
| {{PHL}}
| Island of [[Leyte (island)|Leyte]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|11|0|N|125|2|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|125|37|E|type:country|name=Philippines}}
| {{PHL}}
| Island of [[Manicani]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|11|0|N|125|39|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|125|47|E|type:country|name=Philippines}}
| {{PHL}}
| Island of [[Calicoan Island|Calicoan]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|11|0|N|125|48|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of [[Ailinginae Atoll|Ailinginae]] and [[Rongelap Atoll|Rongelap]] atolls, {{MHL}}<br/
> Passing just south of [[Toke Atoll|Toke]] atoll, {{MHL}}
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|85|43|W|type:country|name=Costa Rica}}
| {{CRI}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|85|4|W|type:country|name=Nicaragua}}
| {{NIC}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|84|49|W|type:country|name=Costa Rica}}
| {{CRI}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|84|29|W|type:country|name=Nicaragua}}
| {{NIC}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|11|0|N|83|47|W|type:waterbody|name=Caribbean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Caribbean Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|74|47|W|type:country|name=Colombia}}
| {{COL}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|11|0|N|74|34|W|type:waterbody|name=Caribbean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Caribbean Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|74|17|W|type:country|name=Colombia}}
| {{COL}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|72|31|W|type:country|name=Venezuela}}
| {{VEN}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|11|0|N|71|37|W|type:waterbody|name=Caribbean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Caribbean Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Venezuela]]
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|71|12|W|type:country|name=Venezuela}}
| {{VEN}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|11|0|N|68|19|W|type:waterbody|name=Caribbean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Caribbean Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of [[La Tortuga Island]], {{VEN}}
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|64|23|W|type:country|name=Venezuela}}
| {{VEN}}
| [[Isla Margarita]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|11|0|N|63|47|W|type:waterbody|name=Caribbean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Caribbean Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing between the islands of [[Trinidad]] and [[Tobago]], {{TTO}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|11|0|N|61|0|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of the [[Bissagos Islands]], {{GNB}}
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|15|14|W|type:country|name=Guinea-Bissau}}
| {{GNB}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|14|57|W|type:country|name=Guinea}}
| {{GIN}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|8|41|W|type:country|name=Mali}}
| {{MLI}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|8|31|W|type:country|name=Guinea}}
| {{GIN}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|8|17|W|type:country|name=Mali}}
| {{MLI}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|9|29|W|type:country|name=Burkina Faso}}
| {{BFA}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|2|50|W|type:country|name=Ghana}}
| {{GHA}}
| For about 8 km
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|2|46|W|type:country|name=Burkina Faso}}
| {{BFA}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|1|35|W|type:country|name=Ghana}}
| {{GHA}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|1|24|W|type:country|name=Burkina Faso}}
| {{BFA}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|1|7|W|type:country|name=Ghana}}
| {{GHA}}
| For about 9 km
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|1|3|W|type:country|name=Burkina Faso}}
| {{BFA}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|0|50|W|type:country|name=Ghana}}
| {{GHA}}
| For about 2 km
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|0|48|W|type:country|name=Burkina Faso}}
| {{BFA}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|11|0|N|0|30|W|type:country|name=Ghana}}
| {{GHA}}
|
|-
|}
==As a border==
The border between [[Ghana]] and what was then [[French Upper Volta]] (now [[Burkina Faso]]) was fixed by treaty between the French and British at the Conference of Paris in 1898, to be the 11th parallel.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|article=Burkina Faso (Upper Volta): Nineteenth Century|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of African History|author=Kevin Shillington|pages=181|publisher=CRC Press|date=2005|isbn=1579582451|isbn13=9781579582456}}</ref> The border does not follow the boundary exactly, but follows it approximately, crossing over it several times.
== References ==
<references />
==See also==
*[[10th parallel north]]
*[[12th parallel north]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:11th Parallel North}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
[[pt:Paralelo 11 N]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^36°30' parallel north^^^^
#REDIRECT [[Parallel 36°30′ north]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:3630 Parallel North}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^54°40′ parallel north^^^^
#REDIRECT [[parallel 54°40′ north]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:5440 Parallel North}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^Parallel 54°40′ north^^^^
'''Parallel 54°40′ north''' is a [[line of latitude]] between the [[54th parallel north|54th]] and [[55th parallel north|55th parallels north]] that forms the southernmost boundary between the [[U.S.]] [[State of Alaska]] and the [[Canada|Canadian]] [[Province of British Columbia]]. The boundary was originally established as a result of tri-partite negotiations between the [[Russian Empire]], the [[British Empire]] and the [[United States]], resulting in parallel treaties in 1824 and 1825
==History==
The [[Russo-American Treaty]] of 1824 established the boundary between [[Russian Alaska]] and overlapping British and US claims at the parallel 54°40′ north effective January 12, 1825, a delineation which was repeated in the terms of the [[Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1825)|Anglo-Russian Convention of 1825]] between the [[Empire of Russia]] and the [[United Kingdom]]. Specifically, it was agreed, in the 1824 treaty, that no American settlement would be established on the coast or adjacent island north of 54°40′, and no Russian settlement to the south (Russian [[Fort Ross]] was in [[Mexico|Mexican California]] and was outside the purview of the treaty). The treaty did not make any explicit statements about sovereignty or territorial claims. The 1825 treaty with Britain was more strongly worded and defined the boundary between Russian and British possessions in North America, which ran north from 54°40′ through what is now the [[Alaska Panhandle]] to the [[141st meridian west]], then along that line north to the Arctic Ocean.
The [[Colony of British Columbia]] was established on August 2, 1858. The [[United States]] [[Alaska purchase|purchased Alaska]] from the [[Empire of Russia]] for $7,200,000 in 1867. [[Russian America]] became the [[United States]] [[Department of Alaska]] on October 18, 1867.
The [[Province of British Columbia]] joined the [[Confederation of Canada]] on July 21, 1871.
The [[United States]] created the [[District of Alaska]] on May 17, 1884, and the [[Territory of Alaska]] on August 24, 1912. The [[State of Alaska]] was admitted to the [[United States|Union]] on January 3, 1959.
==References==
{{unsourced|date=May 2010}}
==See also==
*[[Dixon Entrance]]
*[[Fifty-Four Forty or Fight!]]
*[[History of Alaska]]
*[[History of British Columbia]]
*[[Alaska boundary dispute]]
*[[Oregon boundary dispute]]
*[[Oregon Country]]
*[[Columbia District]]
*[[Stikine Territory]]
*[[Colony of the Queen Charlotte Islands]]
*[[New Caledonia (Canada)|New Caledonia]]
{{-}}
{{Alaska}}
{{BritishColumbia}}
{{geographical coordinates}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Parallel 5440 North}}
[[:Category:1825 establishments]]
[[:Category:Canada – United States border]]
[[:Category:Geographic history of the United States]]
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
[[:Category:History of the Pacific Northwest]]
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^^^^17th parallel south^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=-17}}
{{kml}}
The '''17th parallel south''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 17 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[south]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses the [[Atlantic Ocean]], [[Africa]], the [[Indian Ocean]], [[Australasia]], the [[Pacific Ocean]] and [[South America]].
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 17° south passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Width="125" | Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|17|0|S|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|17|0|S|11|46|E|type:country|name=Angola}}
| {{AGO}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|17|0|S|12|58|E|type:country|name=Namibia}}
| {{NAM}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|17|0|S|13|25|E|type:country|name=Angola}}
| {{AGO}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|17|0|S|22|40|E|type:country|name=Zambia}}
| {{ZMB}}
| The border with Zimbabwe is in [[Lake Kariba]]
|-
| {{Coord|17|0|S|27|48|E|type:country|name=Zimbabwe}}
| {{ZWE}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|17|0|S|32|53|E|type:country|name=Mozambique}}
| {{MOZ}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|17|0|S|35|3|E|type:country|name=Malawi}}
| {{MWI}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|17|0|S|35|18|E|type:country|name=Mozambique}}
| {{MOZ}}
|
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|17|0|S|39|5|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Mozambique Channel]] - passing just north of [[Juan de Nova Island]], {{ATF}}
|-
| {{Coord|17|0|S|44|14|E|type:country|name=Mozambique}}
| {{MDG}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|17|0|S|49|33|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|17|0|S|49|51|E|type:country|name=Mozambique}}
| {{MDG}}
| [[Île Sainte-Marie]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|17|0|S|49|53|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of [[Cargados Carajos|Coco Island]], {{MUS}}
|-
| {{Coord|17|0|S|122|21|E|type:country|name=Australia}}
| {{AUS}}
| [[Western Australia]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|17|0|S|123|15|E|type:waterbody|name=King Sound}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[King Sound]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|17|0|S|123|49|E|type:country|name=Australia}}
| {{AUS}}
| [[Western Australia]]<br/
> [[Northern Territory]]<br/
> [[Queensland]] - mainland and [[Wellesley Islands]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|17|0|S|139|5|E|type:waterbody|name=Gulf of Carpentaria}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Carpentaria]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|17|0|S|139|16|E|type:country|name=Australia}}
| {{AUS}}
| [[Queensland]] - [[Wellesley Islands|Horseshoe Island]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|17|0|S|139|17|E|type:waterbody|name=Gulf of Carpentaria}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Carpentaria]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|17|0|S|139|29|E|type:country|name=Australia}}
| {{AUS}}
| [[Queensland]] - [[Wellesley Islands|Bentnick Island]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|17|0|S|139|31|E|type:waterbody|name=Gulf of Carpentaria}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Carpentaria]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|17|0|S|140|57|E|type:country|name=Australia}}
| {{AUS}}
| [[Queensland]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|17|0|S|145|53|E|type:waterbody|name=Coral Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Coral Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing through the [[Coral Sea Islands|Coral Sea Islands Territory]], {{AUS}}
|-
| {{Coord|17|0|S|168|37|E|type:country|name=Vanuatu}}
| {{VUT}}
| Island of [[Shepherd Islands|Tongariki]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|17|0|S|168|38|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|17|0|S|177|20|E|type:country|name=Fiji}}
| {{FIJ}}
| [[Yasawa Islands]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|17|0|S|177|21|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Bligh Water]]
|-
| {{Coord|17|0|S|178|42|E|type:country|name=Fiji}}
| {{FIJ}}
| [[Vanua Levu]] island
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|17|0|S|178|46|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Koro Sea]]
|-
| {{Coord|17|0|S|179|55|E|type:country|name=Fiji}}
| {{FIJ}}
| [[Taveuni]] island
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|17|0|S|179|57|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of the [[Lau Islands]], {{FJI}}<br/
> Passing just south of [[Maupihaa]] atoll, {{PYF}}<br/
> Passing just south of [[Raiatea]] island, {{PYF}}<br/
> Passing just south of [[Huahine]] island, {{PYF}}
|-
| {{Coord|17|0|S|149|35|W|type:country|name=French Polynesia}}
| {{PYF}}
| [[Tetiaroa]] atoll
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|17|0|S|149|32|W|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of [[Tahanea]] atoll, {{PYF}}<br/
> Passing just north of [[Motutunga]] atoll, {{PYF}}<br/
> Passing just south of [[Tepoto (South)|Tepoto]] atoll, {{PYF}}
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|17|0|S|143|5|W|type:country|name=French Polynesia}}
| {{PYF}}
| [[Marutea Nord|Marutea]] atoll
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|17|0|S|143|4|W|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of [[Rekareka]] atoll, {{PYF}}
|-
| {{Coord|17|0|S|72|6|W|type:country|name=Peru}}
| {{PER}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|17|0|S|69|22|W|type:country|name=Bolivia}}
| {{BOL}}
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|17|0|S|58|25|W|type:country|name=Brazil}}
| {{BRA}}
| [[Mato Grosso]]<br/
> [[Goiás]]<br/
> [[Minas Gerais]]<br/
> [[Bahia]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|17|0|S|39|10|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
|}
==See also==
*[[17th parallel north]]
*[[16th parallel south]]
*[[18th parallel south]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
[[fr:17e parallèle sud]]
[[pt:Paralelo 17 S]]
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^^^^Circle of latitude^^^^
{{longlat}}
A '''circle of latitude''', on the [[Earth]], is an imaginary [[east]]-[[west]] circle connecting all locations (not taking into account elevation) that share a given [[latitude]]. A location's position along a circle of latitude is given by its [[longitude]].
Circles of latitude are often called '''parallels''' because they are parallel to each other-- that is, any two given parallels are everywhere the same distance apart. (Since the earth isn't spherical the distance from the equator to 10 degrees north is less than the distance from 10 to 20 degrees north.) On some map projections, including the [[Equirectangular projection]]<!-- Mercator projection causes the intervals of latitude lines to spread out as one gets closer to the poles -->, they are drawn equidistant.
Circles of latitude become smaller the farther they are from the equator and the closer they are to the [[Geographical pole|poles]]. A circle of latitude is perpendicular to all [[meridian (geography)|meridian]]s, and is hence a special case of a [[loxodrome]].
Contrary to what might be assumed from their straight-line representation on some map projections, a circle of latitude is not (except the [[Equator]]) the shortest distance between two points lying on the Earth. In other words, circles of latitude (except for the Equator) are not [[great circle]]s (see also [[great-circle distance]]), but are [[rhumb line]]s. For this reason an airplane traveling between a [[Europe]]an and [[North America]]n city that share the same latitude will fly farther north, over [[Greenland]] for example.
Arcs of circles of latitude are sometimes used as boundaries between countries or regions where distinctive natural borders are lacking (such as in deserts), or when an artificial border is drawn as a "line on a map", as happened in [[38th parallel north|Korea]].
==Major circles of latitude==
[[Image:World map with major latitude circles.svg|thumb|300px|Diagram showing the locations of the five major circles of latitude on an [[equirectangular projection]] of the [[Earth]].]]
[[Image:Earth-lighting-{{#switch: {{#expr:{{NUMBEROFEDITS:R}} mod 2}}|0=summer|1=winter}}-solstice EN.png|thumb|300px|Diagram showing the derivation of the major circles of latitude on the [[Earth]].]]
There are five major circles of latitude, listed below from north to south. The position of the Equator is fixed (90 degrees from the Earth's axis of rotation) but the other circles depends on the tilt of this axis relative to the plane of the Earth's orbit, and therefore are not perfectly fixed. The values below are for Epoch 2011.<ref>[http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/ubbthreads.php?ubb=showflat&Number=1157795&site_id=1#import ''Trópico en movimiento'' (in Spanish)]</ref>:
*[[Arctic Circle]] ({{Circle of latitude|Polar}} N)
*[[Tropic of Cancer]] ({{Circle of latitude|Tropical}} N)
*Equator (0° latitude)
*[[Tropic of Capricorn]] ({{Circle of latitude|Tropical}} S)
*[[Antarctic Circle]] ({{Circle of latitude|Polar}} S)
These circles of latitude, excluding the Equator, mark the divisions between the five principal [[geographical zone]]s.
===Equator===
The equator is the circle that is equidistant from the [[North Pole]] and [[South Pole]].
It divides the Earth into the [[Northern Hemisphere]] and the [[Southern Hemisphere]].
Of the [[parallels]] or circles of latitude, it is longest, and the only '[[great circle]]' (in that it is a circle on the surface of the earth, centered on the center of the earth). All the other parallels are smaller and centered only on the earth's axis.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[Image:World map with equator.svg|300px|]]
|-
|[[Equator]]
|}
===Polar Circles===
The Arctic Circle marks the southernmost latitude (in the Northern Hemisphere) at which the sun can remain continuously above or below the horizon for 24 hours. Similarly, the Antarctic Circle marks the northernmost latitude (in the Southern Hemisphere) at which the sun can remain continuously above or below the horizon for 24 hours.
The latitude of these circles plus the Earth's [[axial tilt]] is equal to 90°.
{|
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[Image:World map with arctic circle.svg|300px|]]
|-
|[[Arctic Circle]]
|}
|width="20px"|
|
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[Image:World map with antarctic circle.svg|300px|]]
|-
|[[Antarctic Circle]]
|}
|}
===Tropical Circles===
The Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn respectively mark the northernmost and southernmost latitudes at which the sun may be seen directly overhead (at the [[June solstice]] and [[December solstice]] respectively).
The latitude of the tropical circles is equal to the Earth's [[axial tilt]].
{|
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[Image:World map with tropic of cancer.svg|300px|]]
|-
|[[Tropic of Cancer]]
|}
|width="20px"|
|
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[Image:World map with tropic of capricorn.svg|300px|]]
|-
|[[Tropic of Capricorn]]
|}
|}
===Movement of the Tropical and Polar circles===
<!-- This section is linked from Arctic Circle -->
{{See also|Axial tilt}}
By definition, the positions of the [[Tropic of Cancer]], [[Tropic of Capricorn]], [[Arctic Circle]] and [[Antarctic Circle]] all depend on the [[Axial tilt|tilt of the Earth's axis]] relative to the plane of its orbit around the sun, known technically as the "obliquity of the ecliptic". If the Earth were completely 'upright' (its axis at right angles to the orbital plane) there would be no Arctic, Antarctic, or Tropics : at the poles the sun would permanently circle the horizon ; and at the equator the sun would always rise due east, pass directly overhead, and set due west.
The positions of the Tropical and Polar circles are not fixed because the axial tilt changes slowly - a complex motion determined by the superimposition of many different cycles with short to very long periods. As of 2000, the mean value of the tilt was about 23° 26′ 21″.
The main long-term cycle causes the axial tilt to fluctuate between about 22.1° and 24.5° with a period of 41,000 years. Currently, the ''average'' value of the tilt is decreasing by about 0.47″ per year. As a result (approximately, and on average) the Tropical Circles are drifting towards the equator (and the Polar Circles towards the poles) by 15 metres per year, and the area of the [[Tropics]] is decreasing by 1100 square km per year.
The Earth's axial tilt has additional shorter-term variations due to [[nutation]], of which the main term, with a period of 18.7 years, has an [[amplitude]] of 9" 21''' (corresponding to almost 300 metres north and south). There are many still smaller terms, resulting in varying daily shifts of some metres in any direction.
Finally, the Earth's rotational axis is not exactly fixed with respect to the Earth, but undergoes small fluctuations (on the order of 15 meters) called [[polar motion]], which have a small theoretical effect not only on the Tropics and Polar circles, but also on the Equator.
Short-term fluctuations over a matter of days do not directly affect the location of the extreme latitudes at which the sun may appear directly overhead, or at which 24-hour day or night is possible, except when they actually occur at the time of the solstices. Rather, they cause a theoretical shifting of the parallels, that would occur if the given axis tilt were maintained throughout the year.
==Other notable parallels==
A number of sub-national and international [[border]]s are defined by parallels.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Parallel !! Description
|- valign="top"
| [[70th parallel north|70°N]]
| On [[Victoria Island (Canada)|Victoria Island]], {{CAN}}, two sections of the border between [[Northwest Territories]] and [[Nunavut]].
|- valign="top"
| [[60th parallel north|60°N]]
| In {{CAN}}, the southern border of [[Yukon]] with the northern border of [[British Columbia]]; the southern border of [[Northwest Territories]] with the northern borders of [[British Columbia]], [[Alberta]] and [[Saskatchewan]]; and the southern border of mainland [[Nunavut]] with the northern border of [[Manitoba]]), leading to the expression "north of sixty" for the territories.
|- valign="top"
| [[Parallel 54°40′ north|54°40'N]]
| The border between 19th century Russian territories to the north and conflicting American and British land claims in western North America. The conflicting claims led to the [[Oregon boundary dispute]] between Britain and the United States, giving rise to the slogan "Fifty-four forty or fight."
|-valign="top"
| [[52nd parallel north|52°N]]
| In {{CAN}}, part of the border between [[Newfoundland and Labrador]] and [[Quebec]].
|-valign="top"
| [[51st parallel north|51°N]]
| The southern limit of [[Russian America]] from 1799 to 1821.
|-valign="top"
|[[49th parallel north|49°N]]
| Much of [[Canada – United States border|the border]] between {{CAN}} and the {{USA}}, from [[British Columbia]] to [[Manitoba]]; "49th parallel" is a common expression for the border, though a large majority of Canada's population actually lives south of the parallel.
|-valign="top"
| [[48th parallel north|48°N]]
| In {{CAN}}, part of the border between [[Quebec]] and [[New Brunswick]].
|- valign="top"
| [[46th parallel north|46°N]]
| In the {{USA}}, part of the border between [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]] and [[Oregon]].
|- valign="top"
| [[45th parallel north|45°N]]
| Part of the border between {{CAN}} ([[Quebec]]) and the {{USA}} ([[New York]] and [[Vermont]]). Also, in the {{USA}}, most of the border between [[Montana]] and [[Wyoming]].
|- valign="top"
| [[43rd parallel north|43°N]]
| In the {{USA}}, much of the border between [[South Dakota]] and [[Nebraska]].
|-valign="top"
| [[42nd parallel north|42°N]]
| Originally the northward limit of [[New Spain]]. In the {{USA}}, the southern borders of [[Oregon]] and [[Idaho]] where they meet the northern borders of [[California]], [[Nevada]] and [[Utah]]. The parallel also defines much of the border between [[Pennsylvania]] and [[New York]].
|-valign="top"
| [[41st parallel north|41°N]]
| In the {{USA}}, part of the border between [[Wyoming]] and [[Utah]], the border between [[Wyoming]] and [[Colorado]], and part of the border between [[Nebraska]] and [[Colorado]].
|- valign="top"
| [[40th parallel north|40°N]]
| In the {{USA}}, the border between [[Nebraska]] and [[Kansas]]. The parallel was originally chosen for the [[Mason-Dixon Line]], but the line was moved several miles south to avoid bisecting the city of [[Philadelphia]].
|- valign="top"
| [[38th parallel north|38°N]]
| The boundary between the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] and [[United States of America|American]] occupation zones in [[Korea]] from 1945 until [[Korean War]] (1950–1953).
|- valign="top"
| [[37th parallel north|37°N]]
| In the {{USA}}, the southern border of [[Utah]] with the northern border of [[Arizona]]. The southern border of [[Colorado]] with the northern borders of [[New Mexico]] and [[Oklahoma]]. The southern border of [[Kansas]] with the northern border of [[Oklahoma]].
|- valign="top"
| [[36°30' parallel north|36°30'N]]
| [[Image:Missouri Compromise Line.svg|thumb|100px]]The historic [[Missouri Compromise]] line. In the {{USA}}, defines part of the border between [[Oklahoma]] and [[Texas]], most of the border between [[Missouri]] and [[Arkansas]]. Geographically it is a Westward extension of the border between [[Virginia]] and [[North Carolina]] and part of the border between [[Kentucky]] and [[Tennessee]].
|- valign="top"
| [[36th parallel north|36°N]]
| In the {{USA}}, a short section of the border between the [[Missouri Bootheel]] and [[Arkansas]].
|- valign="top"
| [[35th parallel north|35°N]]
| In the {{USA}}, the southern border of [[Tennessee]], which meets [[Mississippi]], [[Alabama]] and [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]. Also, part of the border between [[North Carolina]] and [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]].
|- valign="top"
| [[33rd parallel north|33°N]]
| In the {{USA}}, the southern border of [[Arkansas]], which meets the northern border of [[Louisiana]]. Historically, it defined the southern border of the [[Louisiana Territory]].
|- valign="top"
| [[32nd parallel north|32°N]]
| In the {{USA}}, part of the border between [[New Mexico]] and [[Texas]].
|- valign="top"
| [[31st parallel north|31°N]]
| Part of the border between {{IRN}} and {{IRQ}}. In the {{USA}}, part of the border between [[Mississippi]] and [[Louisiana]], and part of the border between [[Alabama]] and [[Florida]].
|- valign="top"
| [[28th parallel north|28°N]]
| In {{MEX}}, the border between [[Baja California]] and [[Baja California Sur]].
|- valign="top"
| [[26th parallel north|26°N]]
| Part of the border between [[Western Sahara]] (claimed by {{MAR}}) and {{MRT}}.
|- valign="top"
| [[25th parallel north|25°N]]
| Part of the border between {{MRT}} and {{MLI}}.
|- valign="top"
| [[22nd parallel north|22°N]]
| Much of the border between {{EGY}} and {{SUD}}, partly disputed (see also [[Hala'ib Triangle]]).
|- valign="top"
| [[20th parallel north|20°N]]
| A short section of the border between {{LBY}} and {{SUD}}, and within Sudan, the northern border of the [[Darfur]] region.
|- valign="top"
| [[17th parallel north|17°N]]
| The division between Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) and Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) during the [[Vietnam War]].
|- valign="top"
| [[15th parallel north|15°N]]
| ''de facto'' maritime border between {{HON}} and {{NIC}}.<ref>[http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/120/13746.pdf Maritime Delimitation between Nicaragua and Honduras in the Caribbean Sea (Nicaragua v. Honduras)]</ref>
|- valign="top"
| [[13°05' parallel north|13°05'N]]
| Part of the border between {{CHA}} and {{CMR}}, over a stretch of 41.6 km, partly in [[Lake Chad]]
|- valign="top"
| [[10th parallel north|10°N]]
| Part of the border between {{GIN}} and {{SLE}}.
|- valign="top"
| [[8th parallel north|8°N]]
| Part of the border between {{SOM}} and {{ETH}}.
|- valign="top"
| [[1st parallel north|1°N]]
| Part of the border between {{GNQ}} and {{GAB}}.
|- valign="top"
| [[1st parallel south|1°S]]
| Most of the border between {{UGA}} and {{TZA}}, and a very short section of the border between {{KEN}} and {{TZA}} in [[Lake Victoria]].
|- valign="top"
| [[7th parallel south|7°S]]
| A short section of the border between {{COD}} and {{ANG}}.
|- valign="top"
| [[8th parallel south|8°S]]
| Two short sections of the border between {{COD}} and {{ANG}}.
|- valign="top"
| [[10th parallel south|10°S]]
| A short section of the border between {{BRA}} and {{PER}}.
|- valign="top"
| [[13th parallel south|13°S]]
| Part of the border between {{AGO}} and {{ZAM}}.
|- valign="top"
| [[16th parallel south|16°S]]
| Part of the border between {{MOZ}} and {{ZWE}}.
|- valign="top"
| [[22nd parallel south|22°S]]
| A short section of the border between {{NAM}} and {{BWA}}, and parts of the border between {{BOL}} and {{ARG}}.
|- valign="top"
| [[26th parallel south|26°S]]
| In {{AUS}}, the border between [[South Australia]] and the [[Northern Territory]], and part of the border between [[South Australia]] and [[Queensland]].
|- valign="top"
| [[29th parallel south|29°S]]
| In {{AUS}}, much of the border between [[Queensland]] and [[New South Wales]].
|- valign="top"
| [[35th parallel south|35°S]]
| In {{ARG}}, part of the border between [[Córdoba Province, Argentina|Córdoba Province]] and [[La Pampa Province]].
|- valign="top"
| [[36th parallel south|36°S]]
| In {{ARG}}, part of the border between [[Mendoza Province]] and [[La Pampa Province]].
|- valign="top"
| [[42nd parallel south|42°S]]
| In {{ARG}}, the border between [[Río Negro Province]] and [[Chubut Province]].
|- valign="top"
| [[46th parallel south|46°S]]
| In {{ARG}}, the border between [[Chubut Province]] and [[Santa Cruz Province (Argentina)|Santa Cruz Province]].
|- valign="top"
| [[52nd parallel south|52°S]]
| Part of the border between {{ARG}} and {{CHI}}.
|- valign="top"
| [[60th parallel south|60°S]]
| The northern boundary of {{ATA}} for the purposes of the [[Antarctic Treaty System]] (see [http://sd-www.jhuapl.edu/FlareGenesis/Antarctica/1999/pictures/antarctica_pol_map.jpg map]). The northern boundary of the [[Southern Ocean]].
|}
==Altitude==
[[Image:Circle of latitude elevation.svg|thumb|right|256px|Note that the features of the [[spheroid]] cross-section (orange) in this image are exaggerated with respect to the Earth.]]
Altitude has an effect on a location's position relative to the [[Plane (mathematics)|plane]] formed by a circle of latitude. Since altitude is determined by the [[surface normal|normal]] to the Earth's surface, locations sharing the same latitude—but having different elevations (e.g., lying along this normal)—no longer lie within this plane. Rather, all points sharing the same latitude and of varying elevation occupy a [[Conical surface|cone]] formed by the rotation of this normal around the Earth's axis.
<br>
{{Geographical coordinates}}
{{Greek astronomy}}
==See also==
*[http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/SunApprox.php U.S. Naval Observatory - mean obliquity of the ecliptic]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Circle Of Latitude}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
[[ast:Paralelu]]
[[az:Paralel]]
[[bg:Паралел]]
[[ca:Paral·lel]]
[[cs:Rovnoběžka]]
[[da:Breddekreds]]
[[de:Breitenkreis]]
[[et:Paralleel]]
[[es:Paralelo]]
[[eu:Paralelo]]
[[fr:Parallèle (géographie)]]
[[fy:Parallel]]
[[gl:Paralelo]]
[[ko:위선]]
[[hr:Paralela (zemljopis)]]
[[it:Parallelo (geografia)]]
[[ka:პარალელი]]
[[la:Circulus parallelus]]
[[lv:Paralēle]]
[[hu:Szélességi kör]]
[[mr:अक्षवृत्त]]
[[nl:Parallel (geografie)]]
[[ja:緯線]]
[[pms:Paralel]]
[[pl:Równoleżnik]]
[[pt:Paralelo]]
[[ru:Параллель]]
[[simple:Circle of latitude]]
[[sk:Rovnobežka (geografia)]]
[[sl:Vzporednik]]
[[th:วงกลมละติจูด]]
[[uk:Паралель]]
[[vi:Vĩ tuyến]]
[[zh:纬线]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^1st parallel north^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=1}}
{{kml}}
The '''1st parallel north''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 1 [[degree (angle)|degree]] [[true north|north]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses the [[Atlantic Ocean]], [[Africa]], the [[Indian Ocean]], [[Southeast Asia]], the [[Pacific Ocean]] and [[South America]].
The parallel defines part of the border between [[Equatorial Guinea]] and [[Gabon]].
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]], and heading eastwards, the parallel 1° north passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|1|0|N|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of the island of [[Corisco]], {{GNQ}}<br/
> Passing just north of the island of [[Elobey Grande]], {{GNQ}}
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|9|31|E|type:country|name=Equatorial Guinea}}
| {{GNQ}}
| Island of [[Elobey Chico]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|1|0|N|9|31|E|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|9|35|E|type:country|name=Gabon}}
| {{GAB}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|9|47|E|type:country|name=Equatorial Guinea}}
| {{GNQ}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|10|0|E|type:landmark|name=Equatorial Guinea / Gabon border}}
| {{GNQ}} / {{GAB}} border
|
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|11|20|E|type:country|name=Gabon}}
| {{GAB}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|14|25|E|type:country|name=Republic of the Congo}}
| {{COG}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|17|51|E|type:country|name=Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
| {{COD}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|30|13|E|type:country|name=Uganda}}
| {{UGA}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|34|29|E|type:country|name=Kenya}}
| {{KEN}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|41|0|E|type:country|name=Somalia}}
| {{SOM}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|1|0|N|43|54|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of [[Huvadhu Atoll]], {{MDV}}
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|97|23|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Nias]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|1|0|N|97|55|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|98|56|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Islands of [[Sumatra]], [[Padang Island|Padang]], [[Rantau (island)|Rantau]] and [[Rangsang]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|1|0|N|103|4|E|type:waterbody|name=Strait of Malacca}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Strait of Malacca]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|103|21|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Karimun]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|1|0|N|103|27|E|type:waterbody|name=Singapore Strait}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Singapore Strait]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|1|0|N|103|47|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Islands including [[Kapaladjernih]], [[Bulan Island|Bulan]], [[Batam]], [[Bintan]] and [[Mapur]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|1|0|N|104|51|E|type:waterbody|name=South China Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[South China Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|107|23|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| [[Tambelan archipelago]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|1|0|N|107|36|E|type:waterbody|name=South China Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[South China Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|108|58|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| [[Kalimantan]]
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|110|16|E|type:country|name=Malaysia}}
| {{MYS}}
| [[Sarawak]] - for about 3km
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|110|18|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| [[Kalimantan]] - for about 4km
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|110|20|E|type:country|name=Malaysia}}
| {{MYS}}
| [[Sarawak]]
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|110|53|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| [[Kalimantan]]
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|111|31|E|type:country|name=Malaysia}}
| {{MYS}}
| [[Sarawak]] - for about 8km
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|111|35|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| [[Kalimantan]]
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|110|46|E|type:country|name=Malaysia}}
| {{MYS}}
| [[Sarawak]] - for about 8km
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|111|51|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| [[Kalimantan]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|1|0|N|118|59|E|type:waterbody|name=Makassar Strait}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Makassar Strait]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|120|44|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Sulawesi]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|1|0|N|122|28|E|type:waterbody|name=Celebes Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Celebes Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|124|14|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Sulawesi]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|1|0|N|124|54|E|type:waterbody|name=Molucca Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Molucca Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of the island of [[Gureda]], {{IDN}}
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|127|28|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Halmahera]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|1|0|N|127|38|E|type:waterbody|name=Kao Bay}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Kao Bay]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|127|56|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Halmahera]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|1|0|N|128|33|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of the island of [[Fani, Indonesia|Fani]], {{IDN}}<br/
> Passing just north of the [[Mapia Islands]], {{IDN}}<br/
> Passing just south of [[Kapingamarangi]] atoll, {{FSM}}
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|173|0|E|type:country|name=Kiribati}}
| {{KIR}}
| [[Maiana]] atoll
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|1|0|N|173|3|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of [[Howland Island]], {{UMI}}<br/
> Passing between [[Wolf Island]] and [[Pinta Island]] in the [[Galápagos Islands]], {{ECU}}
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|79|31|W|type:country|name=Ecuador}}
| {{ECU}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|78|13|W|type:country|name=Colombia}}
| {{COL}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|69|13|W|type:country|name=Brazil}}
| {{BRA}}
| [[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]]
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|66|36|W|type:country|name=Venezuela}}
| {{VEN}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|65|41|W|type:country|name=Brazil}}
| {{BRA}}
| Amazonas - for about 11km
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|N|65|36|W|type:country|name=Venezuela}}
| {{VEN}}
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|1|0|N|65|10|W|type:country|name=Brazil}}
| {{BRA}}
| Amazonas<br/
> [[Roraima]]<br/
> [[Pará]]<br/
> [[Amapá]]<br/
> Pará - an island in the mouth of the [[Amazon River]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|1|0|N|49|56|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
|}
==See also==
*[[2nd parallel north]]
*[[Equator]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude|01st parallel north]]
[[:Category:Equatorial Guinea–Gabon border]]
[[es:Paralelo 1 Norte]]
[[fr:1er parallèle nord]]
[[pt:Paralelo 1 N]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^2nd parallel north^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=2}}
{{kml}}
The '''2nd parallel north''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 2 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[true north|north]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses the [[Atlantic Ocean]], [[Africa]], the [[Indian Ocean]], [[Southeast Asia]], the [[Pacific Ocean]] and [[South America]].
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 2° north passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|2|0|N|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Guinea]]
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|9|47|E|type:country|name=Equatorial Guinea}}
| {{GNQ}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|11|20|E|type:country|name=Gabon}}
| {{GAB}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|13|14|E|type:country|name=Republic of the Congo}}
| {{COG}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|15|2|E|type:country|name=Cameroon}}
| {{CMR}}
| For about 9km
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|15|7|E|type:country|name=Republic of the Congo}}
| {{COG}}
| For about 17km
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|15|16|E|type:country|name=Cameroon}}
| {{CMR}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|16|3|E|type:country|name=Republic of the Congo}}
| {{COG}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|18|5|E|type:country|name=Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
| {{COD}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|2|0|N|31|3|E|type:waterbody|name=Lake Albert}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Lake Albert]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | The border with Uganda is in the lake at {{Coord|2|0|N|31|14|E|type:country|name=Uganda}}
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|31|24|E|type:country|name=Uganda}}
| {{UGA}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|34|59|E|type:country|name=Kenya}}
| {{KEN}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|41|0|E|type:country|name=Somalia}}
| {{SOM}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|2|0|N|45|17|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of [[Mogadishu]], {{SOM}}
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|73|21|E|type:country|name=Maldives}}
| {{MDV}}
| [[Laamu Atoll]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|2|0|N|73|33|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of the [[Banyak Islands]], {{IDN}}
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|98|27|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Islands of [[Sumatra]] and [[Rupat]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|2|0|N|101|46|E|type:waterbody|name=Strait of Malacca}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Strait of Malacca]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|102|35|E|type:country|name=Malaysia}}
| {{MYS}}
| [[Johor]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|2|0|N|104|6|E|type:waterbody|name=South China Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[South China Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|109|35|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| [[Kalimantan]], [[Borneo]] - for about 3km
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|109|37|E|type:country|name=Malaysia}}
| {{MYS}}
| [[Sarawak]], [[Borneo]] - for about 3km
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|2|0|N|109|39|E|type:waterbody|name=South China Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[South China Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|111|10|E|type:country|name=Malaysia}}
| {{MYS}}
| [[Sarawak]], [[Borneo]]
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|114|52|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| [[Kalimantan]], [[Borneo]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|2|0|N|117|50|E|type:waterbody|name=Celebes Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Celebes Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|2|0|N|125|17|E|type:waterbody|name=Molucca Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Molucca Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of the island of [[Biaro]], {{IDN}}
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|127|46|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Halmahera]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|2|0|N|127|57|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|128|16|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Morotai]] - for about 1km
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|2|0|N|128|17|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of [[Abaiang]] atoll, {{KIR}}
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|173|15|E|type:country|name=Kiribati}}
| {{KIR}}
| [[Marakei]] atoll
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|2|0|N|173|18|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|157|47|W|type:country|name=Kiribati}}
| {{KIR}}
| [[Kiritimati]] atoll
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|2|0|N|157|40|W|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|78|39|W|type:country|name=Colombia}}
| {{COL}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|68|13|W|type:country|name=Brazil}}
| {{BRA}}
| [[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]] - for about 3km
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|68|11|W|type:country|name=Colombia}}
| {{COL}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|67|39|W|type:country|name=Brazil}}
| {{BRA}}
| Amazonas
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|67|18|W|type:country|name=Colombia}}
| {{COL}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|67|7|W|type:country|name=Venezuela}}
| {{VEN}}
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|2|0|N|63|46|W|type:country|name=Brazil}}
| {{BRA}}
| Amazonas<br/
> [[Roraima]]
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|59|44|W|type:country|name=Area disputed between Guyana and Venezuela}}
| Disputed area
| Controlled by {{GUY}}, claimed by {{VEN}}
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|58|28|W|type:country|name=Guyana}}
| {{GUY}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|57|55|W|type:country|name=Area disputed between Guyana and Suriname}}
| Disputed area
| Controlled by {{GUY}}, claimed by {{SUR}}
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|57|9|W|type:country|name=Brazil}}
| {{BRA}}
| [[Pará]] - for about 8km
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|57|4|W|type:country|name=Area disputed between Guyana and Suriname}}
| Disputed area
| Controlled by {{GUY}}, claimed by {{SUR}}
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|N|56|38|W|type:country|name=Suriname}}
| {{SUR}}
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|2|0|N|55|55|W|type:country|name=Brazil}}
| {{BRA}}
| Pará<br/
> [[Amapá]] - mainland and the island of [[Maracá]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|2|0|N|50|17|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
|}
==See also==
*[[1st parallel north]]
*[[3rd parallel north]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude|02nd parallel north]]
[[:Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo – Uganda border]]
[[es:Paralelo 2 Norte]]
[[fr:2e parallèle nord]]
[[pt:Paralelo 2 N]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^3rd parallel north^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=3}}
{{kml}}
The '''3rd parallel north''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 3 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[true north|north]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses the [[Atlantic Ocean]], [[Africa]], the [[Indian Ocean]], [[Southeast Asia]], the [[Pacific Ocean]] and [[South America]].
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 3° north passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|3|0|N|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Guinea]] - passing just south of [[Bioko]] island, {{GNQ}}
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|N|9|56|E|type:country|name=Cameroon}}
| {{CMR}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|N|12|57|E|type:country|name=Central African Republic}}
| {{CAF}}
| For about 2km
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|N|15|59|E|type:country|name=Cameroon}}
| {{CMR}}
| For about 3km
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|N|16|0|E|type:country|name=Central African Republic}}
| {{CAF}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|N|16|30|E|type:country|name=Republic of the Congo}}
| {{COG}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|N|18|30|E|type:country|name=Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
| {{COD}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|N|30|49|E|type:country|name=Uganda}}
| {{UGA}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|N|34|35|E|type:country|name=Kenya}}
| {{KEN}}
| Passing through [[Lake Turkana]]
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|N|41|10|E|type:country|name=Somalia}}
| {{SOM}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|3|0|N|46|36|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|N|73|21|E|type:country|name=Maldives}}
| {{MDV}}
| [[Laamu Atoll]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|3|0|N|73|33|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of the island of [[Simeulue Regency|Simeulue]], {{IDN}}
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|N|97|22|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Sumatra]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|3|0|N|99|54|E|type:waterbody|name=Strait of Malacca}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Strait of Malacca]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|N|101|14|E|type:country|name=Malaysia}}
| {{MYS}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|3|0|N|103|26|E|type:waterbody|name=South China Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[South China Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of the island of [[Tioman Island|Tioman]], {{MYS}}
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|N|105|41|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Anambas Islands|Jemaja]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|3|0|N|105|44|E|type:waterbody|name=South China Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[South China Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|N|107|45|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[South Natuna|Midai]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|3|0|N|107|48|E|type:waterbody|name=South China Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[South China Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|N|108|50|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[South Natuna|Subi]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|3|0|N|108|53|E|type:waterbody|name=South China Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[South China Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|N|112|26|E|type:country|name=Malaysia}}
| {{MYS}}
| [[Sarawak]], [[Borneo]]
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|N|115|15|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| [[Kalimantan]], [[Borneo]] - for about 8km
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|N|115|19|E|type:country|name=Malaysia}}
| {{MYS}}
| [[Sarawak]], [[Borneo]] - for about 10km
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|N|115|25|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| [[Kalimantan]], [[Borneo]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|3|0|N|117|35|E|type:waterbody|name=Celebes Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Celebes Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|3|0|N|125|30|E|type:waterbody|name=Molucca Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Molucca Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|3|0|N|128|13|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of [[Butaritari]] atoll, {{KIR}}
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|N|78|11|W|type:country|name=Colombia}}
| {{COL}}
| Island of [[Gorgona, Colombia|Gorgona]] island, and mainland
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|3|0|N|78|10|W|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|N|77|41|W|type:country|name=Colombia}}
| {{COL}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|N|67|42|W|type:country|name=Venezuela}}
| {{VEN}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|N|64|8|W|type:country|name=Brazil}}
| {{BRA}}
| [[Roraima]]
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|N|59|57|W|type:country|name=Area disputed between Guyana and Venezuela}}
| Disputed area
| Controlled by {{GUY}}, claimed by {{VEN}}
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|N|58|9|W|type:country|name=Guyana}}
| {{GUY}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|N|57|30|W|type:country|name=Area disputed between Guyana and Suriname}}
| Disputed area
| Controlled by {{GUY}}, claimed by {{SUR}}
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|N|57|12|W|type:country|name=Suriname}}
| {{SUR}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|N|54|11|W|type:country|name=Area disputed between France and Suriname}}
| Disputed area
| Controlled by {{FRA}}, claimed by {{SUR}}
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|N|53|59|W|type:country|name=France}}
| {{FRA}}
| [[French Guiana]]
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|N|52|22|W|type:country|name=Brazil}}
| {{BRA}}
| [[Amapá]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|3|0|N|50|57|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
|}
==See also==
*[[2nd parallel north]]
*[[4th parallel north]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude|03rd parallel north]]
[[es:Paralelo 3 Norte]]
[[fr:3e parallèle nord]]
[[pt:Paralelo 3 N]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^4th parallel north^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=4}}
{{kml}}
The '''4th parallel north''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 4 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[true north|north]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses the [[Atlantic Ocean]], [[Africa]], the [[Indian Ocean]], [[Southeast Asia]], the [[Pacific Ocean]] and [[South America]].
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 4° north passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|4|0|N|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Guinea]] - passing just north of [[Bioko]] island, {{GNQ}}
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|N|9|13|E|type:country|name=Cameroon}}
| {{CMR}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|N|15|3|E|type:country|name=Central African Republic}}
| {{CAF}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|N|18|39|E|type:country|name=Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
| {{COD}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|N|30|12|E|type:country|name=South Sudan}}
| {{flag|South Sudan}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|N|33|46|E|type:country|name=Uganda}}
| {{UGA}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|N|34|4|E|type:country|name=Kenya}}
| {{KEN}}
| Passing through [[Lake Turkana]]
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|N|37|35|E|type:country|name=Ethiopia}}
| {{ETH}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|N|40|7|E|type:country|name=Kenya}}
| {{KEN}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|N|41|6|E|type:country|name=Ethiopia}}
| {{ETH}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|N|41|55|E|type:country|name=Somalia}}
| {{SOM}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|4|0|N|47|32|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|N|72|41|E|type:country|name=Maldives}}
| {{MDV}}
| [[Ari Atoll]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|4|0|N|72|56|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|N|73|21|E|type:country|name=Maldives}}
| {{MDV}}
| [[Malé Atoll]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|4|0|N|73|30|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|N|96|17|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Sumatra]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|4|0|N|98|32|E|type:waterbody|name=Strait of Malacca}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Strait of Malacca]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|N|100|43|E|type:country|name=Malaysia}}
| {{MYS}}
| [[Perak]], [[Pahang]], [[Terengganu]] and Pahang again, [[Peninsular Malaysia]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|4|0|N|103|25|E|type:waterbody|name=South China Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[South China Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|N|107|59|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Natuna Besar]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|4|0|N|108|21|E|type:waterbody|name=South China Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[South China Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|N|113|43|E|type:country|name=Malaysia}}
| {{MYS}}
| [[Sarawak]], [[Borneo]]
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|N|115|39|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| [[Kalimantan]], [[Borneo]] - main island, and island of [[Nunukan Regency|Nunukan]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|4|0|N|117|43|E|type:waterbody|name=Celebes Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Celebes Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|N|126|37|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| [[Talaud Islands]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|4|0|N|126|47|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of [[Sonsorol#Merir|Merir]] island, {{PLW}}<br/
> Passing just north of [[Nukuoro]] atoll, {{FSM}}<br/
> Passing just north of [[Tabuaeran]] atoll, {{KIR}}<br/
> Passing just north of [[Malpelo]] island, {{COL}}
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|N|77|25|W|type:country|name=Colombia}}
| {{COL}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|N|67|42|W|type:country|name=Venezuela}}
| {{VEN}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|N|64|39|W|type:country|name=Brazil}}
| {{BRA}}
| [[Roraima]]
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|N|64|4|W|type:country|name=Venezuela}}
| {{VEN}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|N|62|45|W|type:country|name=Brazil}}
| {{BRA}}
| [[Roraima]]
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|N|59|35|W|type:country|name=Area disputed between Guyana and Venezuela}}
| Disputed area
| Controlled by {{GUY}}, claimed by {{VEN}}
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|N|58|26|W|type:country|name=Guyana}}
| {{GUY}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|N|58|2|W|type:country|name=Suriname}}
| {{SUR}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|N|54|18|W|type:country|name=France}}
| {{FRA}}
| [[French Guiana]]
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|N|51|45|W|type:country|name=Brazil}}
| {{BRA}}
| [[Amapá]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|4|0|N|51|10|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of [[Cape Palmas]], {{LBR}}
|-
|}
==See also==
*[[3rd parallel north]]
*[[5th parallel north]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude|04th parallel north]]
[[es:Paralelo 4 Norte]]
[[fr:4e parallèle nord]]
[[pt:Paralelo 4 N]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^5th parallel north^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=5}}
{{kml}}
The '''5th parallel north''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 5 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[true north|north]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses the [[Atlantic Ocean]], [[Africa]], the [[Indian Ocean]], [[Southeast Asia]], the [[Pacific Ocean]] and [[South America]].
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 5° north passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|5|0|N|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Bight of Benin]]
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|N|5|26|E|type:country|name=Nigeria}}
| {{NGA}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|N|8|41|E|type:country|name=Cameroon}}
| {{CMR}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|N|14|41|E|type:country|name=Central African Republic}}
| {{CAF}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|N|19|14|E|type:country|name=Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
| {{COD}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|N|19|53|E|type:country|name=Central African Republic}}
| {{CAF}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|N|24|18|E|type:country|name=Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
| {{COD}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|N|24|38|E|type:country|name=Central African Republic}}
| {{CAF}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|N|25|8|E|type:country|name=Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
| {{COD}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|N|27|29|E|type:country|name=South Sudan}}
| {{flag|South Sudan}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|N|35|49|E|type:country|name=Ethiopia}}
| {{ETH}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|N|45|3|E|type:country|name=Somalia}}
| {{SOM}}
|
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|5|0|N|48|16|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing between [[Southern Maalhosmadulhu Atoll]] and [[Goidhoo (Baa Atoll)#Horsburgh Atoll (Goifulhafehendhu)|Horsburgh Atoll]], {{MDV}}<br/
> Passing just north of the island of [[Kaashidhoo (Kaafu Atoll)|Kaashidhoo]], {{MDV}}
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|N|95|21|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Sumatra]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|5|0|N|97|44|E|type:waterbody|name=Strait of Malacca}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Strait of Malacca]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|N|100|24|E|type:country|name=Malaysia}}
| {{MYS}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|5|0|N|103|19|E|type:waterbody|name=South China Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[South China Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|N|114|55|E|type:country|name=Brunei}}
| {{BRN}}
| On the island of [[Borneo]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|5|0|N|115|7|E|type:waterbody|name=Brunei Bay}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Brunei Bay]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|N|115|27|E|type:country|name=Malaysia}}
| {{MYS}}
| [[Sabah]], [[Borneo]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|5|0|N|118|52|E|type:waterbody|name=Celebes Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Celebes Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing north of the [[Sibutu, Tawi-Tawi|Sibutu]] islands, {{PHL}}<br/
> Passing between the islands of [[Bongao, Tawi-Tawi|Bongao]] and [[Simunul, Tawi-Tawi|Simunul]], {{PHL}}
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|N|120|0|E|type:country|name=Philippines}}
| {{PHL}}
| Island of [[Bilatan]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|5|0|N|120|1|E|type:waterbody|name=Celebes Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Celebes Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of the islands of [[Banaran]] and [[Mantabuan]], {{PHL}}
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|5|0|N|125|23|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing between the islands of [[Sonsorol]] and [[Pulo Anna]], {{PLW}}<br/
> Passing just south of [[Satawan]] and [[Kosrae]] atolls, {{FSM}}<br/
> Passing between [[Namdrik Atoll|Namdrik]] and [[Ebon Atoll|Ebon]] atolls, {{MHL}}<br/
> Passing just north of [[Teraina]] atoll, {{KIR}}<br/
> Passing just south of [[Cocos Island]], {{CRI}}
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|N|77|22|W|type:country|name=Colombia}}
| {{COL}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|N|67|48|W|type:country|name=Venezuela}}
| {{VEN}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|N|60|35|W|type:country|name=Brazil}}
| {{BRA}}
| [[Roraima]]
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|N|59|59|W|type:country|name=Area disputed between Guyana and Venezuela}}
| Disputed area
| Controlled by {{GUY}}, claimed by {{VEN}}
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|N|58|50|W|type:country|name=Guyana}}
| {{GUY}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|N|57|42|W|type:country|name=Suriname}}
| {{SUR}}
| For about 7km
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|N|57|38|W|type:country|name=Guyana}}
| {{GUY}}
| For about 6km
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|N|57|34|W|type:country|name=Suriname}}
| {{SUR}}
| For about 8km
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|N|57|30|W|type:country|name=Guyana}}
| {{GUY}}
| For about 12km
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|N|57|24|W|type:country|name=Suriname}}
| {{SUR}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|N|54|26|W|type:country|name=France}}
| {{FRA}}
| [[French Guiana]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|5|0|N|52|25|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|N|9|2|W|type:country|name=Liberia}}
| {{LBR}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|N|7|32|W|type:country|name=Côte d'Ivoire}}
| {{CIV}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|5|0|N|5|56|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Guinea]]
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|N|2|40|W|type:country|name=Ghana}}
| {{GHA}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|5|0|N|1|38|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Bight of Benin]]
|}
==See also==
*[[4th parallel north]]
*[[6th parallel north]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude|05th parallel north]]
[[es:Paralelo 5 Norte]]
[[fr:5e parallèle nord]]
[[pt:Paralelo 5 N]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^6th parallel north^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=6}}
{{kml}}
The '''6th parallel north''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 6 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[true north|north]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses [[Africa]], the [[Indian Ocean]], [[Southeast Asia]], the [[Pacific Ocean]], [[South America]] and the [[Atlantic Ocean]].
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 6° north passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|N|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| {{GHA}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|6|0|N|1|3|E|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Bight of Benin]] - passing just south of [[Lomé]], {{TOG}}
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|N|4|53|E|type:country|name=Nigeria}}
| {{NGA}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|N|9|3|E|type:country|name=Cameroon}}
| {{CMR}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|N|14|26|E|type:country|name=Central African Republic}}
| {{CAF}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|N|26|46|E|type:country|name=South Sudan}}
| {{flag|South Sudan}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|N|35|0|E|type:country|name=Ethiopia}}
| {{ETH}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|N|46|2|E|type:country|name=Somalia}}
| {{SOM}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|6|0|N|48|57|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|N|73|4|E|type:country|name=Maldives}}
| {{MDV}}
| Passing through [[Shaviyani Atoll]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|6|0|N|73|17|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|N|80|16|E|type:country|name=Sri Lanka}}
| {{LKA}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|6|0|N|80|46|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of [[Weh Island]], {{IDN}}
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|N|100|20|E|type:country|name=Malaysia}}
| {{MYS}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|N|101|6|E|type:country|name=Thailand}}
| {{THA}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|N|101|58|E|type:country|name=Malaysia}}
| {{MYS}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|6|0|N|102|26|E|type:waterbody|name=South China Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[South China Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|N|116|2|E|type:country|name=Malaysia}}
| {{MYS}}
| [[Sabah]] - islands of [[Pulau Gaya]] and [[Borneo]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|6|0|N|117|42|E|type:waterbody|name=Labuk Bay}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Labuk Bay]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|N|117|55|E|type:country|name=Malaysia}}
| {{MYS}}
| [[Sabah]] - island of [[Borneo]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|6|0|N|118|2|E|type:waterbody|name=Sulu Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Sulu Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing between islands in the [[Sulu Archipelago]], {{PHL}}
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|N|120|53|E|type:country|name=Philippines}}
| {{PHL}}
| Islands of [[Jolo]] and [[Balanguingui]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|6|0|N|121|41|E|type:waterbody|name=Celebes Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Celebes Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of the island of [[Tongquil]], {{PHL}}
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|N|124|35|E|type:country|name=Philippines}}
| {{PHL}}
| Island of [[Mindanao]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|6|0|N|125|7|E|type:waterbody|name=Sarangani Bay}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Sarangani Bay]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|N|125|17|E|type:country|name=Philippines}}
| {{PHL}}
| Island of [[Mindanao]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|6|0|N|125|41|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of [[Namoluk]] atoll, {{FSM}}<br/
>Passing just north of [[Ngatik]] atoll, {{FSM}}<br/
>Passing just south of [[Pingelap]] atoll, {{FSM}}
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|N|169|26|E|type:country|name=Marshall Islands}}
| {{MHL}}
| [[Jaluit Atoll]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|6|0|N|169|44|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|N|172|4|E|type:country|name=Marshall Islands}}
| {{MHL}}
| [[Mili Atoll]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|6|0|N|172|6|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of [[Palmyra Atoll]], {{UMI}}
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|N|77|20|W|type:country|name=Colombia}}
| {{COL}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|N|67|25|W|type:country|name=Venezuela}}
| {{VEN}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|N|61|19|W|type:country|name=Area disputed between Guyana and Venezuela}}
| Disputed area
| Controlled by {{GUY}}, claimed by {{VEN}}
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|N|58|34|W|type:country|name=Guyana}}
| {{GUY}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|6|0|N|57|9|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|N|55|3|W|type:country|name=Suriname}}
| {{SUR}}
| Northernmost point - for about 3km
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|6|0|N|55|1|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|N|10|12|W|type:country|name=Liberia}}
| {{LBR}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|N|7|47|W|type:country|name=Côte d'Ivoire}}
| {{CIV}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|N|3|5|W|type:country|name=Ghana}}
| {{GHA}}
|
|}
==See also==
*[[5th parallel north]]
*[[7th parallel north]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude|06th parallel north]]
[[es:Paralelo 6 Norte]]
[[pt:Paralelo 6 N]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^7th parallel north^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=7}}
{{kml}}
The '''7th parallel north''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 7 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[true north|north]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses [[Africa]], the [[Indian Ocean]], [[South Asia]], [[Southeast Asia]], the [[Pacific Ocean]], [[South America]] and the [[Atlantic Ocean]].
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 7° north passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| {{GHA}}
| Passing through [[Lake Volta]]
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|0|33|E|type:country|name=Togo}}
| {{TGO}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|1|38|E|type:country|name=Benin}}
| {{BEN}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|2|44|E|type:country|name=Nigeria}}
| {{NGA}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|10|7|E|type:country|name=Cameroon}}
| {{CMR}}
| For about 6km
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|10|10|E|type:country|name=Nigeria}}
| {{NGA}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|10|33|E|type:country|name=Cameroon}}
| {{CMR}}
| For about 17km
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|10|42|E|type:country|name=Nigeria}}
| {{NGA}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|11|40|E|type:country|name=Cameroon}}
| {{CMR}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|15|9|E|type:country|name=Central African Republic}}
| {{CAF}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|26|3|E|type:country|name=South Sudan}}
| {{flag|South Sudan}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|34|16|E|type:country|name=Ethiopia}}
| {{ETH}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|47|1|E|type:country|name=Somalia}}
| {{SOM}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|7|0|N|49|22|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|72|52|E|type:country|name=Maldives}}
| {{MDV}}
| [[Northern Thiladhunmathi Atoll]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|7|0|N|72|58|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Laccadive Sea]] - passing just north of the island of [[Kelaa (Haa Alif Atoll)|Kelaa]], {{MDV}}
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|79|52|E|type:country|name=Sri Lanka}}
| {{LKA}}
| Passing just north of [[Colombo]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|7|0|N|81|52|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Bay of Bengal]]
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|93|42|E|type:country|name=India}}
| {{IND}}
| [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] - island of [[Great Nicobar]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|7|0|N|93|57|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Andaman Sea]]
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|99|40|E|type:country|name=Thailand}}
| {{THA}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|7|0|N|100|45|E|type:waterbody|name=Gulf of Thailand}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Thailand]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|7|0|N|103|2|E|type:waterbody|name=South China Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[South China Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|116|43|E|type:country|name=Malaysia}}
| {{MYS}}
| [[Sabah]], [[Borneo]] - for about 6km
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|7|0|N|116|47|E|type:waterbody|name=South China Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[South China Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Marudu Bay]]
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|117|7|E|type:country|name=Malaysia}}
| {{MYS}}
| [[Sabah]], [[Borneo]] - for about 3km
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|7|0|N|117|9|E|type:waterbody|name=Sulu Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Sulu Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of [[Malawali Island]], {{MYS}}
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|118|25|E|type:country|name=Philippines}}
| {{PHL}}
| Island of [[Cagayan de Sulu]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|7|0|N|118|31|E|type:waterbody|name=Sulu Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Sulu Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|121|55|E|type:country|name=Philippines}}
| {{PHL}}
| Island of [[Mindanao]] ([[Zamboanga Peninsula]])
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|7|0|N|122|11|E|type:waterbody|name=Celebes Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Celebes Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Moro Gulf]] - passing just north of [[Sacol Island]], {{PHL}}
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|123|59|E|type:country|name=Philippines}}
| {{PHL}}
| Island of [[Mindanao]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|7|0|N|125|30|E|type:waterbody|name=Davao Gulf}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Davao Gulf]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|125|43|E|type:country|name=Philippines}}
| {{PHL}}
| Island of [[Island Garden City of Samal|Samal]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|7|0|N|125|47|E|type:waterbody|name=Davao Gulf}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Davao Gulf]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|125|59|E|type:country|name=Philippines}}
| {{PHL}}
| Island of [[Mindanao]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|7|0|N|126|27|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Philippine Sea]]
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|134|14|E|type:country|name=Palau}}
| {{PLW}}
| Island of [[Peleliu]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|7|0|N|134|16|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of [[Truk Lagoon]], {{FSM}}
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|158|14|E|type:country|name=Federated States of Micronesia}}
| {{FSM}}
| [[Parempei]] island (just to the north of [[Pohnpei]] island)
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|7|0|N|158|15|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of [[Ailinglaplap Atoll]], {{MHL}}<br/
> Passing just south of [[Majuro]] atoll, {{FSM}}
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|171|35|E|type:country|name=Marshall Islands}}
| {{MHL}}
| [[Arno Atoll]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|7|0|N|171|45|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of [[Jicarón]] island, and the [[Azuero Peninsula]], {{PAN}}
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|77|40|W|type:country|name=Colombia}}
| {{COL}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|71|1|W|type:country|name=Venezuela}}
| {{VEN}}
| For about 18km
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|70|57|W|type:country|name=Colombia}}
| {{COL}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|70|26|W|type:country|name=Venezuela}}
| {{VEN}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|60|21|W|type:country|name=Area disputed between Guyana and Venezuela}}
| Disputed area
| Controlled by {{GUY}}, claimed by {{VEN}}
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|58|27|W|type:country|name=Guyana}}
| {{GUY}}
| Island of [[Wakenaam]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|7|0|N|58|23|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|11|37|W|type:country|name=Sierra Leone}}
| {{SLE}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|11|27|W|type:country|name=Liberia}}
| {{LBR}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|8|17|W|type:country|name=Côte d'Ivoire}}
| {{CIV}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|N|3|7|W|type:country|name=Ghana}}
| {{GHA}}
|
|-
|}
==See also==
*[[6th parallel north]]
*[[8th parallel north]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude|07th parallel north]]
[[es:Paralelo 7 Norte]]
[[pt:Paralelo 7 N]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^8th parallel north^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=8}}
{{kml}}
The '''8th parallel north''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 8 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[true north|north]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses [[Africa]], the [[Indian Ocean]], [[South Asia]], [[Southeast Asia]], the [[Pacific Ocean]], [[Central America]], [[South America]] and the [[Atlantic Ocean]].
The parallel defines part of the border between [[Somalia]] and [[Ethiopia]]. The [[Maliku Kandu|Eight Degree Channel]] (Maliku Kandu) in the [[Indian Ocean]] is named after the parallel.
{{clr}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 8° north passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|N|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| {{GHA}}
| Passing through [[Lake Volta]]
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|N|0|36|E|type:country|name=Togo}}
| {{TGO}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|N|1|38|E|type:country|name=Benin}}
| {{BEN}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|N|2|42|E|type:country|name=Nigeria}}
| {{NGA}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|N|12|13|E|type:country|name=Cameroon}}
| {{CMR}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|N|15|25|E|type:country|name=Chad}}
| {{TCD}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|N|18|1|E|type:country|name=Central African Republic}}
| {{CAF}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|N|24|58|E|type:country|name=South Sudan}}
| {{flag|South Sudan}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|N|33|2|E|type:country|name=Ethiopia}}
| {{ETH}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|N|46|59|E|type:landmark|name=Somalia / Ethiopia border}}
| {{SOM}} / {{ETH}} border
|
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|N|47|59|E|type:country|name=Somalia}}
| {{SOM}}
|
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|8|0|N|49|53|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing through the [[Arabian Sea]]<br/
> Into the [[Maliku Kandu|Eight Degree Channel]] - passing just south of [[Minicoy Island]], {{IND}}<br/
> And into the [[Laccadive Sea]] - passing just south of [[Kanyakumari (town)|Cape Comorin]], {{IND}}
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|N|79|43|E|type:country|name=Sri Lanka}}
| {{LKA}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|8|0|N|81|30|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Bay of Bengal]]
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|N|93|20|E|type:country|name=India}}
| {{IND}}
| [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] - islands of [[Katchal]], [[Camorta]] and [[Nancowry]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|8|0|N|93|34|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Andaman Sea]]
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|N|98|17|E|type:country|name=Thailand}}
| {{THA}}
| Island of [[Phuket Province|Phuket]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|8|0|N|98|25|E|type:waterbody|name=Phang Nga Bay}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Phang Nga Bay]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|N|98|35|E|type:country|name=Thailand}}
| {{THA}}
| Island of [[Ko Yao Yai (island)|Ko Yao Yai]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|8|0|N|98|36|E|type:waterbody|name=Phang Nga Bay}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Phang Nga Bay]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|N|98|58|E|type:country|name=Thailand}}
| {{THA}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|8|0|N|100|19|E|type:waterbody|name=Gulf of Thailand}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Thailand]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|8|0|N|104|4|E|type:waterbody|name=South China Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[South China Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|N|116|57|E|type:country|name=Philippines}}
| {{PHL}}
| [[Balabac Island]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|8|0|N|117|4|E|type:waterbody|name=Sulu Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Sulu Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|N|122|17|E|type:country|name=Philippines}}
| {{PHL}}
| Island of [[Mindanao]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|8|0|N|126|24|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of [[Kayangel]] atoll, {{PLW}}<br/
> Passing just south of [[Pikelot]] island, {{FSM}}
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|N|168|5|E|type:country|name=Marshall Islands}}
| {{MHL}}
| [[Namu Atoll]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|8|0|N|168|11|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of [[Aur Atoll]], {{MHL}}<br/
> Passing just south of [[Burica|Burica Point]], {{PAN}}<br/
> Passing just north of [[Islas Secas]], {{PAN}}
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|N|81|40|W|type:country|name=Panama}}
| {{PAN}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|8|0|N|80|24|W|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Panama]]
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|N|78|25|W|type:country|name=Panama}}
| {{PAN}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|N|77|12|W|type:country|name=Colombia}}
| {{COL}}
| Passing through the [[Gulf of Urabá]]
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|N|72|25|W|type:country|name=Venezuela}}
| {{VEN}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|N|60|8|W|type:country|name=Area disputed between Guyana and Venezuela}}
| Disputed area
| Controlled by {{GUY}}, claimed by {{VEN}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|8|0|N|59|6|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|N|12|53|W|type:country|name=Sierra Leone}}
| {{SLE}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|N|10|36|W|type:country|name=Liberia}}
| {{LBR}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|N|9|25|W|type:country|name=Guinea}}
| {{GIN}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|N|8|3|W|type:country|name=Côte d'Ivoire}}
| {{CIV}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|N|2|41|W|type:country|name=Ghana}}
| {{GHA}}
| Passing through [[Lake Volta]]
|-
|}
==See also==
*[[7th parallel north]]
*[[9th parallel north]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude|08th parallel north]]
[[:Category:Ethiopia–Somalia border]]
[[es:Paralelo 8 Norte]]
[[pt:Paralelo 8 N]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^9th parallel north^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=9}}
{{kml}}
The '''9th parallel north''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 9 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[true north|north]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses [[Africa]], the [[Indian Ocean]], [[South Asia]], [[Southeast Asia]], the [[Pacific Ocean]], [[Central America]], [[South America]] and the [[Atlantic Ocean]].
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 9° north passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|N|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| {{GHA}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|N|0|28|E|type:country|name=Togo}}
| {{TGO}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|N|1|38|E|type:country|name=Benin}}
| {{BEN}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|N|2|47|E|type:country|name=Nigeria}}
| {{NGA}}
| Passing just south of [[Abuja]]
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|N|12|51|E|type:country|name=Cameroon}}
| {{CMR}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|N|14|34|E|type:country|name=Chad}}
| {{TCD}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|N|19|3|E|type:country|name=Central African Republic}}
| {{CAF}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|N|23|28|E|type:country|name=Sudan}}
| {{SDN}}
| For about 11km
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|N|23|34|E|type:country|name=Central African Republic}}
| {{CAF}}
| For about 3km
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|N|23|35|E|type:country|name=Sudan}}
| {{SDN}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|N|24|33|E|type:country|name=South Sudan}}
| {{flag|South Sudan}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|N|34|8|E|type:country|name=Ethiopia}}
| {{ETH}}
| Passing through [[Addis Ababa]]
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|N|44|0|E|type:country|name=Somalia}}
| {{SOM}}
| Passing through [[Somaliland]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|9|0|N|50|34|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing through the [[Arabian Sea]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|9|0|N|76|31|E|type:country|name=India}}
| {{IND}}
| [[Kerala]]<br/
> [[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|9|0|N|78|16|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Mannar]]
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|N|79|51|E|type:country|name=Sri Lanka}}
| {{LKA}}
| [[Mannar Island]] and mainland
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|9|0|N|80|57|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Bay of Bengal]]<br/
> Passing just south of [[Car Nicobar]] island, {{IND}}<br/
> [[Andaman Sea]]
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|N|98|15|E|type:country|name=Thailand}}
| {{THA}}
| Island of [[Ko Kho Khao]] and the mainland
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|9|0|N|99|56|E|type:waterbody|name=Gulf of Thailand}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Thailand]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|N|104|48|E|type:country|name=Vietnam}}
| {{VNM}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|9|0|N|105|25|E|type:waterbody|name=South China Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[South China Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing through the disputed [[Spratly Islands]]
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|N|117|37|E|type:country|name=Philippines}}
| {{PHL}}
| Island of [[Palawan (island)|Palawan]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|9|0|N|118|4|E|type:waterbody|name=Sulu Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Sulu Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|9|0|N|123|0|E|type:waterbody|name=Bohol Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Bohol Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|N|124|48|E|type:country|name=Philippines}}
| {{PHL}}
| Island of [[Mindanao]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|9|0|N|124|53|E|type:waterbody|name=Bohol Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Bohol Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gingoog Bay]]
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|N|125|10|E|type:country|name=Philippines}}
| {{PHL}}
| Island of [[Mindanao]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|9|0|N|125|16|E|type:waterbody|name=Bohol Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Bohol Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Butuan Bay]]
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|N|125|29|E|type:country|name=Philippines}}
| {{PHL}}
| Island of [[Mindanao]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|9|0|N|126|16|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of [[Namonuito Atoll]], {{FSM}}
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|N|165|38|E|type:country|name=Marshall Islands}}
| {{MHL}}
| Passing through [[Ujae Atoll]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|9|0|N|165|43|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of [[Lae Atoll]], {{MHL}}
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|N|167|34|E|type:country|name=Marshall Islands}}
| {{MHL}}
| Passing through [[Kwajalein Atoll]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|9|0|N|167|44|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of [[Erikub Atoll]], {{MHL}}<br/
> Passing just north of [[Maloelap Atoll]], {{MHL}}
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|N|83|38|W|type:country|name=Costa Rica}}
| {{CRI}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|N|82|46|W|type:country|name=Panama}}
| {{PAN}}
| Passing through [[Chiriquí Lagoon]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|9|0|N|81|42|W|type:waterbody|name=Caribbean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Caribbean Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|N|80|44|W|type:country|name=Panama}}
| {{PAN}}
| Passing through the outskirts of [[Panama City]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|9|0|N|79|29|W|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Panama]]
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|N|79|7|W|type:country|name=Panama}}
| {{PAN}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|9|0|N|77|45|W|type:waterbody|name=Caribbean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Caribbean Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Darién]]
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|N|76|16|W|type:country|name=Colombia}}
| {{COL}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|N|72|44|W|type:country|name=Venezuela}}
| {{VEN}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|9|0|N|60|49|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|N|13|17|W|type:country|name=Sierra Leone}}
| {{SLE}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|N|10|36|W|type:country|name=Guinea}}
| {{GIN}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|N|7|55|W|type:country|name=Côte d'Ivoire}}
| {{CIV}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|N|2|39|W|type:country|name=Ghana}}
| {{GHA}}
|
|}
==See also==
*[[8th parallel north]]
*[[10th parallel north]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude|09th parallel north]]
[[pt:Paralelo 9 N]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^1st parallel south^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=-1}}
{{kml}}
The '''1st parallel south''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 1 [[degree (angle)|degree]] [[south]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses the [[Atlantic Ocean]], [[Africa]], the [[Indian Ocean]], [[Southeast Asia]], [[Australasia]], the [[Pacific Ocean]] and [[South America]].
The parallel defines most of the border between [[Uganda]] and [[Tanzania]], and a very short section of the border between [[Kenya]] and [[Tanzania]].
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 1° south passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|1|0|S|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|S|8|52|E|type:country|name=Gabon}}
| {{GAB}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|S|14|25|E|type:country|name=Republic of the Congo}}
| {{COG}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|S|17|20|E|type:country|name=Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
| {{COD}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|S|29|35|E|type:country|name=Uganda}}
| {{UGA}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|S|30|45|E|type:country|name=Uganda / Tanzania Border}}
| {{UGA}} / {{TZA}} border
| Mostly in [[Lake Victoria]]
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|S|30|55|E|type:country|name=Kenya / Tanzania Border}}
| {{KEN}} / {{TZA}} border
| A short section of the border (about 11km), entirely within [[Lake Victoria]]
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|S|34|1|E|type:country|name=Kenya}}
| {{KEN}}
| Passing about 30km north of the capital, [[Nairobi]]
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|S|41|7|E|type:country|name=Somalia}}
| {{SOM}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|1|0|S|42|2|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of [[Addu Atoll]], {{MDV}}
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|S|98|39|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Siberut]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|1|0|S|98|56|E|type:waterbody|name=Mentawai Strait}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Mentawai Strait]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|S|100|21|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Sumatra]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|1|0|S|103|59|E|type:waterbody|name=Karimata Strait}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Karimata Strait]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|S|109|27|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Islands of [[Maya Karimata]] and [[Borneo]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|1|0|S|117|8|E|type:waterbody|name=Makassar Strait}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Makassar Strait]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|S|119|28|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Sulawesi]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|1|0|S|120|30|E|type:waterbody|name=Gulf of Tomini}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Tomini]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|S|121|23|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Sulawesi]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|1|0|S|122|47|E|type:waterbody|name=Banda Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Banda Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|S|123|12|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Sulawesi]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|1|0|S|123|22|E|type:waterbody|name=Molucca Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Molucca Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|S|128|19|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Damar (Island)|Damar]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|1|0|S|128|24|E|type:waterbody|name=Halmahera Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Halmahera Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|S|130|38|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Islands of [[Salawati]] and [[New Guinea]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|1|0|S|134|3|E|type:waterbody|name=Cenderawasih Bay}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Cenderawasih Bay]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|S|134|48|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Noemfoor]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|1|0|S|134|57|E|type:waterbody|name=Cenderawasih Bay}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Cenderawasih Bay]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|S|135|48|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Biak]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|1|0|S|136|8|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of the atolls of [[Pelleluhu]] and [[Heina]], {{PNG}}<br/
> Passing just south of the [[Kaniet Islands]], {{PNG}}<br/
> Passing just south of [[Banaba Island]], {{KIR}}<br/
> Passing between the atolls of [[Nonouti]] and [[Tabiteuea]], {{KIR}}
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|S|91|26|W|type:country|name=Ecuador}}
| {{ECU}}
| Island of [[Isabela Island (Ecuador)|Isabela]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|1|0|S|91|4|W|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of the island of [[San Cristóbal Island|San Cristóbal]], {{ECU}}
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|S|80|51|W|type:country|name=Ecuador}}
| {{ECU}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|S|75|23|W|type:country|name=Peru}}
| {{PER}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|1|0|S|74|16|W|type:country|name=Colombia}}
| {{COL}}
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|1|0|S|69|25|W|type:country|name=Brazil}}
| {{BRA}}
| [[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]]<br/
> [[Roraima]]<br/
> Amazonas<br/
> [[Pará]]<br/
> [[Amapá]]<br/
> [[Maranhão]]<br/
> Pará - islands of [[Ilha Grande do Gurupá|Grande do Gurupá]] and [[Marajó]], and the mainland
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|1|0|S|46|11|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
|}
==See also==
*[[2nd parallel south]]
*[[Equator]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude|01st parallel south]]
[[:Category:Kenya–Tanzania border]]
[[:Category:Tanzania–Uganda border]]
[[es:Paralelo 1 Sur]]
[[fr:1er parallèle sud]]
[[id:1 derajat lintang selatan]]
[[pt:Paralelo 1 S]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^2nd parallel south^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=-2}}
{{kml}}
The '''2nd parallel south''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 2 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[south]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses the [[Atlantic Ocean]], [[Africa]], the [[Indian Ocean]], [[Southeast Asia]], [[Australasia]], the [[Pacific Ocean]] and [[South America]].
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 2° south passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|2|0|S|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|S|9|21|E|type:country|name=Gabon}}
| {{GAB}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|S|12|28|E|type:country|name=Republic of the Congo}}
| {{COG}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|S|12|52|E|type:country|name=Gabon}}
| {{GAB}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|S|14|15|E|type:country|name=Republic of the Congo}}
| {{COG}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|S|16|24|E|type:country|name=Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
| {{COD}}
| The border with Rwanda is in [[Lake Kivu]]
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|S|29|9|E|type:country|name=Rwanda}}
| {{RWA}}
| Passing just south of [[Kigali]]
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|S|30|51|E|type:country|name=Tanzania}}
| {{TZA}}
| Passing through [[Lake Victoria]], including [[Ukerewe Island]]
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|S|35|50|E|type:country|name=Kenya}}
| {{KEN}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|2|0|S|41|17|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|S|99|33|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| A small island just north of the island of [[Sipura]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|2|0|S|99|34|E|type:waterbody|name=Mantawai Strait}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Mentawai Strait]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|S|100|52|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Sumatra]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|2|0|S|104|47|E|type:waterbody|name=Bangka Strait}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Bangka Strait]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|S|105|7|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Bangka Island|Bangka]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|2|0|S|106|8|E|type:waterbody|name=Karimata Strait}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Karimata Strait]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|S|110|6|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Borneo]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|2|0|S|116|27|E|type:waterbody|name=Makassar Strait}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Makassar Strait]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|S|119|13|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Sulawesi]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|2|0|S|121|27|E|type:waterbody|name=Banda Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Banda Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|S|123|48|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Salue Besar]] in the [[Banggai]] archipelago
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|2|0|S|123|51|E|type:waterbody|name=Banda Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Banda Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|S|124|18|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Islands of [[Sula Islands|Seho]] and [[Taliabu]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|2|0|S|124|33|E|type:waterbody|name=Banda Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Banda Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of the island of [[Mangole Island|Mangole]], {{IDN}}
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|S|125|53|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Sanana Island|Sanana]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|2|0|S|125|58|E|type:waterbody|name=Ceram Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Ceram Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of the island of [[Obi Islands|Gomumu]], {{IDN}}
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|S|129|54|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Misool]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|2|0|S|130|23|E|type:waterbody|name=Ceram Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Ceram Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|S|132|0|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Islands of [[New Guinea]] and [[Meos Waar]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|2|0|S|134|25|E|type:waterbody|name=Cenderawasih Bay}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Cenderawasih Bay]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of the island of [[Yapen]], {{IDN}}
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|S|137|12|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[New Guinea]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|2|0|S|139|3|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of the [[Ninigo Islands]], {{PNG}}
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|S|146|34|E|type:country|name=Papua New Guinea}}
| {{PNG}}
| Island of [[Manus Island|Manus]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|2|0|S|147|11|E|type:waterbody|name=Seeadler Harbour}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Seeadler Harbor|Seeadler Harbour]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|S|147|23|E|type:country|name=Papua New Guinea}}
| {{PNG}}
| [[Los Negros Island]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|2|0|S|147|24|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of [[Tong Island, Papua New Guinea|Tong Island]], {{PNG}}<br/
> Passing just south of [[Onotoa]] atoll, {{KIR}}
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|S|80|45|W|type:country|name=Ecuador}}
| {{ECU}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|S|75|57|W|type:country|name=Peru}}
| {{PER}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|2|0|S|73|6|W|type:country|name=Colombia}}
| {{COL}}
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|2|0|S|69|32|W|type:country|name=Brazil}}
| {{BRA}}
| [[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]]<br/
> [[Pará]]<br/
> [[Maranhão]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|2|0|S|44|29|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
|}
==See also==
*[[1st parallel south]]
*[[3rd parallel south]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude|02nd parallel south]]
[[fr:2e parallèle sud]]
[[id:2 derajat lintang selatan]]
[[pt:Paralelo 2 S]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^3rd parallel south^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=-3}}
{{kml}}
The '''3rd parallel south''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 3 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[south]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses the [[Atlantic Ocean]], [[Africa]], the [[Indian Ocean]], [[Southeast Asia]], [[Australasia]], the [[Pacific Ocean]] and [[South America]].
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 3° south passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|3|0|S|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|S|10|18|E|type:country|name=Gabon}}
| {{GAB}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|S|12|3|E|type:country|name=Republic of the Congo}}
| {{COG}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|S|16|11|E|type:country|name=Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
| {{COD}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|S|29|9|E|type:country|name=Burundi}}
| {{BDI}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|S|30|50|E|type:country|name=Tanzania}}
| {{TZA}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|S|37|35|E|type:country|name=Kenya}}
| {{KEN}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|3|0|S|40|13|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|S|100|11|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[South Pagai]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|3|0|S|100|26|E|type:waterbody|name=Mentawai Strait}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Mentawai Strait]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|S|101|27|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Sumatra]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|3|0|S|106|3|E|type:waterbody|name=Bangka Strait}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Bangka Strait]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|S|106|26|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Islands of [[Bangka Island|Bangka]] and [[Lepar]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|3|0|S|106|53|E|type:waterbody|name=Java Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Java Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|S|107|33|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Belitung]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|3|0|S|108|12|E|type:waterbody|name=Java Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Java Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|S|110|37|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Borneo]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|3|0|S|111|9|E|type:waterbody|name=Java Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Java Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|S|111|48|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Borneo]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|3|0|S|116|17|E|type:waterbody|name=Makassar Strait}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Makassar Strait]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|S|118|50|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Sulawesi]] ([[South Peninsula, Sulawesi|South Peninsula]])
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|3|0|S|120|12|E|type:waterbody|name=Gulf of Boni}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Boni]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|S|121|5|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Sulawesi]] ([[South-east Peninsula, Sulawesi|South-east Peninsula]])
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|3|0|S|122|15|E|type:waterbody|name=Banda Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Banda Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of the island of [[Buru]], {{IDN}}
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|S|127|51|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Islands of [[Boano]] and [[Seram]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|3|0|S|130|23|E|type:waterbody|name=Ceram Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Ceram Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|S|132|24|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[New Guinea]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|3|0|S|134|51|E|type:waterbody|name=Cenderawasih Bay}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Cenderawasih Bay]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|S|135|51|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[New Guinea]]
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|S|141|0|E|type:country|name=Papua New Guinea}}
| {{PNG}}
| Island of [[New Guinea]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|3|0|S|142|2|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Bismarck Sea]], passing just south of the [[Purdy Islands]], {{PNG}}<br/
> Passing just south of the island of [[Dyaul Island|Dyaul]], {{PNG}}
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|S|151|18|E|type:country|name=Papua New Guinea}}
| {{PNG}}
| Island of [[New Ireland (island)|New Ireland]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|3|0|S|151|34|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|S|152|2|E|type:country|name=Papua New Guinea}}
| {{PNG}}
| Island of [[Tabar Group|Tabar]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|3|0|S|152|3|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing through the [[Lihir Group]], {{PNG}}<br/
>Passing just north of the [[Nuguria]] islands, {{PNG}}<br/
>Passing just south of [[Kanton Island]], {{KIR}}<br/
>Passing just north of [[Enderbury Island]], {{KIR}}
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|S|80|22|W|type:country|name=Ecuador}}
| {{ECU}}
| [[Puná Island]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|3|0|S|80|7|W|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Jambelí Channel]]
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|S|79|50|W|type:country|name=Ecuador}}
| {{ECU}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|S|77|49|W|type:country|name=Peru}}
| {{PER}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|3|0|S|70|11|W|type:country|name=Colombia}}
| {{COL}}
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|3|0|S|69|42|W|type:country|name=Brazil}}
| {{BRA}}
| [[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]]<br/
> [[Pará]]<br/
> [[Maranhão]]<br/
> [[Piauí]]<br/
> [[Ceará]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|3|0|S|39|42|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
|}
==See also==
*[[2nd parallel south]]
*[[4th parallel south]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude|03rd parallel south]]
[[fr:3e parallèle sud]]
[[pt:Paralelo 3 S]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^4th parallel south^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=-4}}
{{kml}}
The '''4th parallel south''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 4 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[south]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses the [[Atlantic Ocean]], [[Africa]], the [[Indian Ocean]], [[Southeast Asia]], [[Australasia]], the [[Pacific Ocean]] and [[South America]].
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 4° south passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|4|0|S|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|S|11|13|E|type:country|name=Republic of the Congo}}
| {{COG}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|S|15|42|E|type:country|name=Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
| {{COD}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|4|0|S|29|6|E|type:waterbody|name=Lake Tanganyika}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Lake Tanganyika]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|S|29|26|E|type:country|name=Burundi}}
| {{BDI}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|S|30|13|E|type:country|name=Tanzania}}
| {{TZA}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|S|38|15|E|type:country|name=Kenya}}
| {{KEN}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|4|0|S|39|44|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing between [[Denis Island]] and [[Aride Island]], {{SYC}}
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|S|102|19|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Sumatra]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|4|0|S|105|52|E|type:waterbody|name=Java Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Java Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|S|114|37|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Borneo]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|4|0|S|115|2|E|type:waterbody|name=Java Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Java Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|S|116|2|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Laut Island|Laut]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|4|0|S|116|10|E|type:waterbody|name=Makassar Strait}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Makassar Strait]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|S|119|34|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Sulawesi]] ([[South Peninsula, Sulawesi|South Peninsula]])
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|4|0|S|120|20|E|type:waterbody|name=Gulf of Boni}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Boni]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|S|121|25|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Sulawesi]] ([[South-east Peninsula, Sulawesi|South-east Peninsula]])
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|4|0|S|122|38|E|type:waterbody|name=Banda Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Banda Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|S|123|0|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Wowoni]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|4|0|S|123|3|E|type:waterbody|name=Banda Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Banda Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of the island of [[Buru]], {{IDN}}<br/
> Passing just south of the island of [[Ambon Island|Ambon]], {{IDN}}<br/
> Passing just south of the island of [[Seram]], {{IDN}}
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|S|131|12|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Islands of [[Seram Laut]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|4|0|S|131|26|E|type:waterbody|name=Ceram Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Ceram Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|S|132|51|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[New Guinea]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|4|0|S|133|19|E|type:waterbody|name=Arafura Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Arafura Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|S|134|11|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Islands of [[Aiduma]] and [[New Guinea]]
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|S|141|0|E|type:country|name=Papua New Guinea}}
| {{PNG}}
| Island of [[New Guinea]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|4|0|S|144|34|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Bismarck Sea]], passing just north of [[Manam]] island, {{PNG}}
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|S|152|35|E|type:country|name=Papua New Guinea}}
| {{PNG}}
| Island of [[New Ireland (island)|New Ireland]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|4|0|S|152|56|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|S|153|42|E|type:country|name=Papua New Guinea}}
| {{PNG}}
| Island of [[Babase Island|Babase]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|4|0|S|153|43|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of [[McKean Island]], {{KIR}}<br/
>Passing just south of [[Birnie Island]], {{KIR}}<br/
>Passing just north of [[Manra Island]], {{KIR}}<br/
>Passing just south of [[Rawaki Island]], {{KIR}}
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|S|154|58|W|type:country|name=Kiribati}}
| {{KIR}}
| [[Malden Island]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|4|0|S|154|54|W|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|S|80|59|W|type:country|name=Peru}}
| {{PER}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|S|80|26|W|type:country|name=Ecuador}}
| {{ECU}}
| For about 13 km
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|S|80|19|W|type:country|name=Peru}}
| {{PER}}
| For about 7 km
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|S|80|15|W|type:country|name=Ecuador}}
| {{ECU}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|S|78|31|W|type:country|name=Peru}}
| {{PER}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|4|0|S|70|10|W|type:country|name=Colombia}}
| {{COL}}
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|4|0|S|69|53|W|type:country|name=Brazil}}
| {{BRA}}
| [[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]]<br />[[Pará]]<br />[[Maranhão]]<br />[[Piauí]]<br />[[Ceará]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|4|0|S|38|14|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of [[Rocas Atoll]], {{BRA}}<br/
> Passing just south of [[Fernando de Noronha]] island, {{BRA}}
|-
|}
==See also==
*[[3rd parallel south]]
*[[5th parallel south]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude|04th parallel south]]
[[fr:4e parallèle sud]]
[[pt:Paralelo 4 S]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^5th parallel south^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=-5}}
{{kml}}
The '''5th parallel south''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 5 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[south]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses the [[Atlantic Ocean]], [[Africa]], the [[Indian Ocean]], [[Southeast Asia]], [[Australasia]], the [[Pacific Ocean]] and [[South America]].
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 5° south passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|5|0|S|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|S|11|59|E|type:country|name=Republic of the Congo}}
| {{COG}}
| For about 7km
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|S|12|2|E|type:country|name=Angola}}
| {{AGO}}
| [[Cabinda Province|Cabinda]] [[Enclave and exclave|exclave]]
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|S|12|38|E|type:country|name=Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
| {{COD}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|5|0|S|29|7|E|type:waterbody|name=Lake Tanganyika}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Lake Tanganyika]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|S|29|46|E|type:country|name=Tanzania}}
| {{TZA}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|5|0|S|39|8|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pemba Channel]]
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|S|39|40|E|type:country|name=Tanzania}}
| {{TZA}}
| Island of [[Pemba, Tanzania|Pemba]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|5|0|S|39|52|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing through the [[Amirante Islands]], {{SYC}}<br/
> Passing just south of [[Mahé, Seychelles|Mahé]] island, {{SYC}}<br/
> Passing just north of [[Peros Banhos]] atoll, {{IOT}}
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|S|103|45|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Sumatra]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|5|0|S|105|52|E|type:waterbody|name=Java Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Java Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing close by several small islands of {{IDN}}
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|S|119|28|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Sulawesi]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|5|0|S|120|18|E|type:waterbody|name=Banda Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Banda Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Boni]] - passing just north of the island of [[Kabaena]], {{IDN}}
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|S|122|23|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Islands of [[Muna Island|Muna]] and [[Buton]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|5|0|S|122|57|E|type:waterbody|name=Banda Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Banda Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing close by several small islands of {{IDN}}
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|S|137|15|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[New Guinea]]
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|S|141|0|E|type:country|name=Papua New Guinea}}
| {{PNG}}
| Island of [[New Guinea]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|5|0|S|145|47|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Bismarck Sea]], passing close by several small islands of {{PNG}}
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|S|151|15|E|type:country|name=Papua New Guinea}}
| {{PNG}}
| Island of [[New Britain]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|5|0|S|151|57|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Solomon Sea]]<br/
> - Passing just south of the island of [[New Ireland (island)|New Ireland]], {{PNG}}<br/
> - Passing just north of [[Buka Island]], {{PNG}}<br/
> An unnamed part of the ocean<br/
> - Passing just north of [[Ontong Java Atoll]], {{SLB}}<br/
> - Passing just south of [[Nikumaroro]] atoll, {{KIR}}
|-
| {{Coord|5|0|S|81|4|W|type:country|name=Peru}}
| {{PER}}
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|5|0|S|72|35|W|type:country|name=Brazil}}
| {{BRA}}
| [[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]]<br/
> [[Pará]]<br/
> [[Maranhão]]<br/
> [[Piauí]]<br/
> [[Ceará]]<br/
> [[Rio Grande do Norte]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|5|0|S|36|50|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|}
==See also==
*[[4th parallel south]]
*[[6th parallel south]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude|05th parallel south]]
[[fr:5e parallèle sud]]
[[pt:Paralelo 5 S]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^6th parallel south^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=-6}}
{{kml}}
The '''6th parallel south''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 6 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[south]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses the [[Atlantic Ocean]], [[Africa]], the [[Indian Ocean]], [[Southeast Asia]], [[Australasia]], the [[Pacific Ocean]] and [[South America]].
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 6° south passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|6|0|S|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|S|12|24|E|type:country|name=Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
| {{COD}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|S|12|43|E|type:country|name=Angola}}
| {{AGO}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|S|16|36|E|type:country|name=Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
| {{COD}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|6|0|S|29|11|E|type:waterbody|name=Lake Tanganyika}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Lake Tanganyika]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|S|29|46|E|type:country|name=Tanzania}}
| {{TZA}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|6|0|S|38|47|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Zanzibar Channel]]
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|S|39|11|E|type:country|name=Tanzania}}
| {{TZA}}
| Island of [[Zanzibar]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|6|0|S|39|23|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing through the [[Amirante Islands]], {{SYC}}<br/
> Passing just south of [[Île Platte]], {{SYC}}<br/
> Passing just north of the [[Eagle Islands]] and [[Three Brothers (islands)|Three Brothers]], {{IOT}}<br/
> Passing just south of the island of [[Sumatra]], {{IDN}}
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|S|105|58|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Java]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|6|0|S|106|21|E|type:waterbody|name=Java Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Java Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|S|107|0|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Java]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|6|0|S|107|22|E|type:waterbody|name=Java Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Java Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of the island of [[Karimun Jawa]], {{IDN}}<br/
> Passing just south of the island of [[Bawean]], {{IDN}}
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|S|120|27|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Selayar Island|Selayar]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|6|0|S|120|33|E|type:waterbody|name=Banda Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Banda Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|S|124|3|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Tukangbesi Islands|Binongko]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|6|0|S|124|4|E|type:waterbody|name=Banda Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Banda Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|S|132|27|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Kai Islands|Tanimbar Kei]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|6|0|S|132|28|E|type:waterbody|name=Arafura Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Arafura Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of the islands of [[Kai Kecil]] and [[Kai Besar]], {{IDN}}<br/
> Passing just north of the island of [[Maikoor]], {{IDN}}
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|S|134|18|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Islands of [[Tanahbesar]] and [[Kobroor]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|6|0|S|134|42|E|type:waterbody|name=Arafura Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Arafura Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|S|138|19|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[New Guinea]]
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|S|141|0|E|type:country|name=Papua New Guinea}}
| {{PNG}}
| Island of [[New Guinea]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|6|0|S|147|30|E|type:waterbody|name=Solomon Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Solomon Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|S|148|54|E|type:country|name=Papua New Guinea}}
| {{PNG}}
| Island of [[New Britain]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|6|0|S|151|3|E|type:waterbody|name=Solomon Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Solomon Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|S|154|48|E|type:country|name=Papua New Guinea}}
| {{PNG}}
| [[Bougainville Island]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|6|0|S|155|24|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing between [[Roncador Reef]] and [[Ontong Java Atoll]], {{SLB}}<br/
> Passing between [[Nanumea]] atoll and [[Nanumanga]] island, {{TUV}}<br/
> Passing just north of [[Niutao]] island, {{TUV}}<br/
> Passing just south of [[Starbuck Island]], {{KIR}}
|-
| {{Coord|6|0|S|81|8|W|type:country|name=Peru}}
| {{PER}}
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|6|0|S|73|8|W|type:country|name=Brazil}}
| {{BRA}}
| [[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]]<br/
> [[Pará]]<br/
> [[Tocantins]]<br/
> [[Maranhão]]<br/
> [[Piauí]]<br/
> [[Ceará]]<br/
> [[Rio Grande do Norte]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|6|0|S|35|7|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|}
==See also==
*[[5th parallel south]]
*[[7th parallel south]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude|06th parallel south]]
[[fr:6e parallèle sud]]
[[pt:Paralelo 6 S]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^7th parallel south^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=-7}}
{{kml}}
The '''7th parallel south''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 7 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[south]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses the [[Atlantic Ocean]], [[Africa]], the [[Indian Ocean]], [[Southeast Asia]], [[Australasia]], the [[Pacific Ocean]] and [[South America]].
Part of the border between the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] and [[Angola]] is defined by the parallel.
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 7° south passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|7|0|S|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|S|12|50|E|type:country|name=Angola}}
| {{AGO}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|S|16|58|E|type:country|name=Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
| {{COD}}
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|7|0|S|19|32|E|type:country|name=Democratic Republic of the Congo / Angola border}}
| {{COD}} / {{AGO}} border
|
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|S|20|18|E|type:country|name=Angola}}
| {{AGO}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|S|20|34|E|type:country|name=Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
| {{COD}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|7|0|S|29|44|E|type:waterbody|name=Lake Tanganyika}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Lake Tanganyika]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|S|30|34|E|type:country|name=Tanzania}}
| {{TZA}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|7|0|S|39|33|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|S|52|44|E|type:country|name=Seychelles}}
| {{SYC}}
| [[Alphonse Atoll]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|7|0|S|52|46|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of [[Coëtivy Island]], {{SYC}}
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|S|106|33|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Java]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|7|0|S|112|35|E|type:waterbody|name=Java Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Java Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|S|112|46|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Madura Island|Madura]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|7|0|S|114|4|E|type:waterbody|name=Java Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Java Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|S|115|16|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Islands of [[Kangean Island|Kangean]] and [[Paliat]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|7|0|S|115|40|E|type:waterbody|name=Java Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Java Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of the island of [[Tanahjampea]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|7|0|S|120|37|E|type:waterbody|name=Banda Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Banda Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of the island of [[Damar (island)|Damar]], {{IDN}}<br/
> Passing between the islands of [[Itain]] and [[Maru]], {{IDN}}
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|S|131|58|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Fordate]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|7|0|S|131|59|E|type:waterbody|name=Arafura Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Arafura Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of the island of [[Trangan]], {{IDN}}
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|S|138|37|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[New Guinea]]
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|S|141|1|E|type:country|name=Papua New Guinea}}
| {{PNG}}
| Island of [[New Guinea]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|7|0|S|146|59|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Solomon Sea]]
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|S|155|42|E|type:country|name=Solomon Islands}}
| {{SLB}}
| [[Shortland Island]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|7|0|S|155|46|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of [[Fauro Island]], {{SLB}}
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|S|156|43|E|type:country|name=Solomon Islands}}
| {{SLB}}
| [[Choiseul Island]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|7|0|S|157|6|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing between the atolls of [[Nanumea]] and [[Nanumanga]], {{TUV}}<br/
> Passing just north of [[Niutao]] island, {{TUV}}<br/
> Passing south of [[Starbuck Island]], {{KIR}}
|-
| {{Coord|7|0|S|79|47|W|type:country|name=Peru}}
| {{PER}}
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|7|0|S|73|46|W|type:country|name=Brazil}}
| {{BRA}}
| [[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]]<br/
> [[Pará]]<br/
> [[Tocantins]]<br/
> [[Maranhão]]<br/
> [[Piauí]]<br/
> [[Ceará]]<br/
> [[Paraíba]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|7|0|S|34|49|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|}
==See also==
*[[6th parallel south]]
*[[8th parallel south]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude|07th parallel south]]
[[:Category:Angola – Democratic Republic of the Congo border]]
[[fr:7e parallèle sud]]
[[pt:Paralelo 7 S]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^8th parallel south^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=-8}}
{{kml}}
The '''8th parallel south''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 8 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[south]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses the [[Atlantic Ocean]], [[Africa]], the [[Indian Ocean]], [[Southeast Asia]], [[Australasia]], the [[Pacific Ocean]] and [[South America]].
Two sections of the border between the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] and [[Angola]] are defined by the parallel.
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 8° south passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! width="120" | Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|8|0|S|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|S|13|11|E|type:country|name=Angola}}
| {{AGO}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|S|17|29|E|type:country|name=Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
| {{COD}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|S|18|10|E|type:country|name=Angola}}
| {{AGO}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|S|18|18|E|type:country|name=Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
| {{COD}}
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|8|0|S|18|23|E|type:country|name=Democratic Republic of the Congo / Angola border}}
| {{COD}} / {{AGO}} border
|
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|S|18|31|E|type:country|name=Angola}}
| {{AGO}}
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|8|0|S|18|48|E|type:country|name=Democratic Republic of the Congo / Angola border}}
| {{COD}} / {{AGO}} border
|
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|S|19|22|E|type:country|name=Angola}}
| {{AGO}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|S|21|46|E|type:country|name=Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
| {{COD}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|8|0|S|30|27|E|type:waterbody|name=Lake Tanganyika}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Lake Tanganyika]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|S|30|53|E|type:country|name=Tanzania}}
| {{TZA}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|8|0|S|39|27|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of the island of [[Mafia Island|Mafia]], {{TZA}}
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|S|39|45|E|type:country|name=Tanzania}}
| {{TZA}}
| Island of [[Chole Island|Chole]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|8|0|S|39|48|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|S|110|15|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Java]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|8|0|S|114|25|E|type:waterbody|name=Bali Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Bali Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of the island of [[Bali]], {{IDN}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|8|0|S|117|9|E|type:waterbody|name=Flores Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Flores Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of the island of [[Sumbawa]], {{IDN}}
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|8|0|S|122|47|E|type:waterbody|name=Banda Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Banda Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of the island of [[Flores]], {{IDN}}<br/
> Passing just north of the island of [[Alor Island|Alor]], {{IDN}}
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|S|125|43|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Islands of [[Liran]] and [[Wetar]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|8|0|S|125|48|E|type:waterbody|name=Wetar Strait}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Wetar Strait]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of the island of [[Kisar]], {{IDN}}
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|S|129|39|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Babar Islands|Babar]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|8|0|S|129|48|E|type:waterbody|name=Timor Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Timor Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|S|131|12|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Yamdena]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|8|0|S|131|19|E|type:waterbody|name=Arafura Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Arafura Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|S|137|50|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Islands of [[Yos Sudarso Island|Yos Sudarso]] and [[New Guinea]]
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|S|141|1|E|type:country|name=Papua New Guinea}}
| {{PNG}}
| Island of [[New Guinea]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|8|0|S|143|55|E|type:waterbody|name=Gulf of Papua}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Papua]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|S|145|48|E|type:country|name=Papua New Guinea}}
| {{PNG}}
| Island of [[New Guinea]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|8|0|S|147|57|E|type:waterbody|name=Solomon Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Solomon Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|S|156|31|E|type:country|name=Solomon Islands}}
| {{SLB}}
| Island of [[Ranongga]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|8|0|S|156|35|E|type:waterbody|name=Solomon Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Solomon Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|S|156|56|E|type:country|name=Solomon Islands}}
| {{SLB}}
| Island of [[Kolombangara]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|8|0|S|157|11|E|type:waterbody|name=Kula Gulf}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Kula Gulf]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|S|157|23|E|type:country|name=Solomon Islands}}
| {{SLB}}
| Island of [[New Georgia]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|8|0|S|157|33|E|type:waterbody|name=New Georgia Sound}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[New Georgia Sound]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|S|158|53|E|type:country|name=Solomon Islands}}
| {{SLB}}
| [[Santa Isabel Island]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|8|0|S|159|24|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of the island of [[Dai Island|Dai]], {{SLB}}
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|S|178|20|E|type:country|name=Tuvalu}}
| {{TUV}}
| [[Nukufetau]] atoll
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|8|0|S|178|24|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | The parallel defines the northern [[maritime boundary]] of the {{COK}} from the [[167th meridian west]] to the [[156th meridian west]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|8|0|S|140|43|W|type:country|name=French Polynesia}}
| {{PYF}}
| Island of [[Eiao]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|8|0|S|140|40|W|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|8|0|S|79|13|W|type:country|name=Peru}}
| {{PER}}
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|8|0|S|73|40|W|type:country|name=Brazil}}
| {{BRA}}
| [[Acre (state)|Acre]]<br/
> [[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]]<br/
> [[Rondônia]]<br/
> Amazonas<br/
> [[Mato Grosso]]<br/
> [[Pará]]<br/
> [[Tocantins]]<br/
> [[Maranhão]] - for about 11km<br/
> Tocantins<br/
> Maranhão<br/
> [[Piauí]]<br/
> [[Pernambuco]]<br/
> [[Paraíba]]<br/
> Pernambuco
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|8|0|S|34|50|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just to the south of [[Ascension Island]], {{SHN}}
|-
|}
==See also==
*[[7th parallel south]]
*[[9th parallel south]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude|08th parallel south]]
[[:Category:Angola – Democratic Republic of the Congo border]]
[[:Category:Borders of the Cook Islands]]
[[fr:8e parallèle sud]]
[[pt:Paralelo 8 S]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^9th parallel south^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=-9}}
{{kml}}
The '''9th parallel south''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 9 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[south]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses the [[Atlantic Ocean]], [[Africa]], the [[Indian Ocean]], [[Australasia]], the [[Pacific Ocean]] and [[South America]].
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 9° south passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|9|0|S|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|S|13|1|E|type:country|name=Angola}}
| {{AGO}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|S|21|51|E|type:country|name=Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
| {{COD}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|9|0|S|28|27|E|type:waterbody|name=Lake Mweru}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Lake Mweru]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|S|29|1|E|type:country|name=Zambia}}
| {{ZMB}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|S|31|56|E|type:country|name=Tanzania}}
| {{TZA}}
| Mainland and island of [[Kilwa Kisiwani]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|9|0|S|39|32|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of [[Providence Atoll]], {{SYC}}<br/
> Passing just south of the islands of [[Java]], [[Bali]], [[Nusa Penida]] and [[Lombok]], {{IDN}}
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|S|116|44|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Sumbawa]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|9|0|S|117|32|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Sumba Strait]]<br/
> [[Savu Sea]] - passing just south of the island of [[Flores]], {{IDN}}
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|S|124|48|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Timor]] - for about 16km
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|S|124|56|E|type:country|name=Timor-Leste}}
| {{TLS}}
| Island of [[Timor]] - for about 14km
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|S|125|5|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[Timor]] - for about 6km
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|S|125|8|E|type:country|name=Timor-Leste}}
| {{TLS}}
| Island of [[Timor]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|9|0|S|126|8|E|type:waterbody|name=Timor Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Timor Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|9|0|S|130|59|E|type:waterbody|name=Arafura Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Arafura Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|S|140|50|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Island of [[New Guinea]]
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|S|141|1|E|type:country|name=Papua New Guinea}}
| {{PNG}}
| Islands of [[New Guinea]] and [[Parama Island|Parama]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|9|0|S|143|27|E|type:waterbody|name=Coral Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Coral Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Papua]]
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|S|146|36|E|type:country|name=Papua New Guinea}}
| {{PNG}}
| Island of [[New Guinea]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|9|0|S|148|31|E|type:waterbody|name=Solomon Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Solomon Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Oro Bay]]
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|S|149|7|E|type:country|name=Papua New Guinea}}
| {{PNG}}
| Island of [[New Guinea]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|9|0|S|149|8|E|type:waterbody|name=Solomon Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Solomon Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing between the [[D'Entrecasteaux Islands|D'Entrecasteaux]] and [[Trobriand Islands]], {{PNG}}
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|S|152|23|E|type:country|name=Papua New Guinea}}
| {{PNG}}
| Islands of [[Nusam]] and [[Woodlark Island|Woodlark]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|9|0|S|152|39|E|type:waterbody|name=Solomon Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Solomon Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of the islands of [[Tetepare Island|Tetepare]], [[Vangunu]] and [[Nggatokae Island|Nggatokae]], {{SLB}}
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|S|159|2|E|type:country|name=Solomon Islands}}
| {{SLB}}
| [[Russell Islands]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|9|0|S|159|16|E|type:waterbody|name=New Georgia Sound}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[New Georgia Sound]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of [[Savo Island]], {{SLB}}
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|S|160|3|E|type:country|name=Solomon Islands}}
| {{SLB}}
| [[Florida Islands]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|9|0|S|160|13|E|type:waterbody|name=Indispensable Strait}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indispensable Strait]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|S|160|46|E|type:country|name=Solomon Islands}}
| {{SLB}}
| Island of [[Malaita]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|9|0|S|161|8|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing between the [[Funafuti]] and [[Nukulaelae]] atolls, {{TUV}}<br/
> Passing just north of [[Nukunonu]] atoll, {{TKL}}
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|S|158|3|W|type:country|name=Cook Islands}}
| {{COK}}
| [[Penrhyn Island]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|9|0|S|157|56|W|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of [[Nuku Hiva]] and [[Ua Huka]] islands, {{PYF}}
|-
| {{Coord|9|0|S|78|40|W|type:country|name=Peru}}
| {{PER}}
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|9|0|S|72|57|W|type:country|name=Brazil}}
| {{BRA}}
| [[Acre (state)|Acre]]<br/
> [[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]]<br/
> [[Rondônia]] - for about 8km<br/
> Amazonas - for about 20km<br/
> Rondônia<br/
> [[Mato Grosso]]<br/
> [[Pará]]<br/
> [[Tocantins]]<br/
> [[Maranhão]]<br/
> [[Piauí]]<br/
> [[Bahia]]<br/
> [[Pernambuco]]<br/
> Bahia<br/
> Pernambuco - for about 13km<br/
> Bahia - for about 5km<br/
> Pernambuco<br/
> [[Alagoas]] - for about 20km<br/
> Pernambuco - for about 8km<br/
> Alagoas - for about 15km<br/
> Pernambuco<br/
> Alagoas
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|9|0|S|35|12|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
|}
==See also==
*[[8th parallel south]]
*[[10th parallel south]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude|09th parallel south]]
[[fr:9e parallèle sud]]
[[pt:Paralelo 9 S]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^Tropic of Cancer^^^^
{{dablink|For the novel by Henry Miller, see [[Tropic of Cancer (novel)]]. For the BBC TV series, see [[Tropic of Cancer (BBC TV series)]].}}
{{Coord|23|26|16|N|0|0|0|W|display=title|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
[[Image:World map with tropic of cancer.svg|350px|thumb|World map showing the Tropic of Cancer]]
The '''Tropic of Cancer''', also referred to as the '''Northern tropic''', is the circle of [[latitude]] on the [[Earth]] that marks the most northerly position at which the [[Sun]] may appear directly overhead at its [[zenith]]. This event occurs once per year, at the time of the June [[solstice]], when the [[Northern Hemisphere]] is tilted toward the Sun to its maximum extent.
Its [[Southern Hemisphere]] counterpart, marking the most southerly position at which the Sun may appear directly overhead, is the [[Tropic of Capricorn]]. These tropics are two of the [[Circle of latitude#Major circles of latitude|five major degree measures]] or major [[circle of latitude|circles of latitude]] that mark maps of the Earth, besides the [[Arctic Circle|Arctic]] and [[Antarctic Circle]]s and the [[Equator]]. The positions of these circles of latitude (other than the Equator) are dictated by the tilt of the Earth's [[axis of rotation]] relative to the [[orbital plane (astronomy)|plane of its orbit]].
==Name==
[[Image:Tropicofcancer.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Road sign South of [[Dakhla, Western Sahara]] (claimed by [[Morocco]]) marking the Tropic of Cancer. The sign was placed by the [[Budapest-Bamako]] rally participants, thus the non-English inscription is in [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]].]]
The imaginary line is called the Tropic of Cancer because when it was named, the Sun was in the direction of the [[constellation]] [[Cancer (constellation)|Cancer]] ([[Latin]] for ''[[crab]]'') at the June solstice. However, this is no longer true due to the [[precession of the equinoxes]]. According to [[International Astronomical Union]] boundaries, the Sun now is in [[Taurus (constellation)|Taurus]] at the June solstice. According to [[sidereal astrology]], which divides the [[zodiac]] into 12 equal parts, the Sun is in [[Gemini (constellation)|Gemini]] at that time. The word "tropic" itself comes from the Greek ''τροπή'' ''(tropi)'', meaning ''turn'', referring to the fact that the Sun appears to "turn back" at the solstices.
==Geography==
[[File:Trópico de Cáncer en México - Carretera 83 (Vía Corta) Zaragoza-Victoria, Km 27+800.jpg|thumb|300px|Carretera 83 (Vía Corta) Zaragoza-Victoria, Km 27+800. In all crossings of the Tropic of Cancer with Mexican federal highways, this is the only place where the latitude is marked with absolute precision and where the annual drift between 2005 and 2010 can be appreciated.]]
The Tropic of Cancer currently (Epoch 2011) lies {{Circle of latitude|Tropical}} north of the [[Equator]].<ref>[http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/ubbthreads.php?ubb=showflat&Number=1157795&site_id=1#import ''Trópico en movimiento'' (in Spanish)]</ref> Its position is not fixed, but varies in a complicated manner over time. It is presently drifting south at the rate of almost half a second (0.47″) of latitude per year (it was at exactly 23º 27' in year 1917).<ref>[http://www.homepage.montana.edu/~geol445/hyperglac/time1/milankov.htm Montana State University: Milankovitch Cycles & Glaciation]</ref> See [[circle of latitude#Movement of the Tropical and Polar circles|circles of latitude]] for further information.
North of Tropic of Cancer are the [[subtropics]] and the [[North Temperate Zone]]. The equivalent line of latitude south of the Equator is called the [[Tropic of Capricorn]], and the region between the two, centered on the Equator, is the [[tropics]].
{{kml}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the Tropic of Cancer passes through:
{{-}}
{| class="wikitable"
! Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-
| {{Coord|23|26|N|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| {{DZA}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|23|26|N|11|51|E|type:country|name=Niger}}
| {{NER}}
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|23|26|N|12|17|E|type:country|name=Libya}}
| {{LBY}}
| The Tropic touches on the northernmost point of [[Chad]] at {{Coord|23|26|N|15|59|E|type:landmark|name=Northernmost point of Chad}}
|-
| {{Coord|23|26|N|25|0|E|type:country|name=Egypt}}
| {{EGY}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|23|26|N|35|30|E|type:waterbody|name=Red Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Red Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|23|26|N|38|38|E|type:country|name=Saudi Arabia}}
| {{SAU}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|23|26|N|52|8|E|type:country|name=United Arab Emirates}}
| {{ARE}}
| [[Abu Dhabi (Emirate)|Abu Dhabi]] emirate only
|-
| {{Coord|23|26|N|55|24|E|type:country|name=Oman}}
| {{OMN}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|23|26|N|58|46|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Arabian Sea]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|23|26|N|68|23|E|type:country|name=India}}
| {{IND}}
| States of [[Gujarat]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Chhatisgarh]], [[Jharkhand]], and [[West Bengal]]
|-valign="tpo"
| {{Coord|23|26|N|88|47|E|type:country|name=Bangladesh}}
| {{BGD}}
| [[Khulna Division|Khulna]], [[Dhaka Division|Dhaka]], and [[Chittagong Division|Chittagong]] Divisions
|-
| {{Coord|23|26|N|91|14|E|type:country|name=India}}
| {{IND}}
| State of [[Tripura]]
|-
| {{Coord|23|26|N|91|56|E|type:country|name=Bangladesh}}
| {{BGD}}
| [[Chittagong Division]]
|-
| {{Coord|23|26|N|92|19|E|type:country|name=India}}
| {{IND}}
| State of [[Mizoram]]
|-
| {{Coord|23|26|N|93|23|E|type:country|name=Myanmar}}
| {{MMR}} (Burma)
| [[Chin State]], [[Sagaing Division]], [[Mandalay Division]], [[Shan State]]
|-
| {{Coord|23|26|N|98|54|E|type:country|name=China}}
| {{CHN}}
| Provinces of [[Yunnan]] (passing about 7km north of the border with {{VNM}}), [[Guangxi]], and [[Guangdong]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|23|26|N|117|8|E|type:waterbody|name=Taiwan Strait}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Taiwan Strait]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|23|26|N|120|8|E|type:country|name=Taiwan}}
| {{ROC-TW}}
| [[Chiayi County]], [[Hualien County]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|23|26|N|121|29|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Pacific Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of [[Necker Island (Northwestern Hawaiian Islands)|Necker Island]], [[Hawaii]], {{USA}}
|-
| {{Coord|23|26|N|110|15|W|type:country|name=Mexico}}
| {{MEX}}
| State of [[Baja California Sur]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|23|26|N|109|24|W|type:waterbody|name=Gulf of California}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of California]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|23|26|N|106|35|W|type:country|name=Mexico}}
| {{MEX}}
| States of [[Sinaloa]], [[Durango]], [[Zacatecas]], [[San Luis Potosí]], [[Nuevo León]], and [[Tamaulipas]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|23|26|N|97|45|W|type:waterbody|name=Gulf of Mexico}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Mexico]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|23|26|N|83|0|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Atlantic Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing through the [[Straits of Florida]] and the [[Nicholas Channel]]<br/
>Passing just south of the [[Cay Sal Bank|Anguilla Cays]] ({{BAH}})<br/
>Passing through the [[Santaren Channel]] and into the open ocean
|-
| {{Coord|23|26|N|76|0|W|type:country|name=Bahamas}}
| {{BAH}}
| [[Exuma]] Islands and [[Long Island, Bahamas|Long Island]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|23|26|N|75|10|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Atlantic Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|23|26|N|15|57|W|type:country|name=Western Sahara}}
| [[Western Sahara]]
| Claimed by {{MAR}}
|-
| {{Coord|23|26|N|12|0|W|type:country|name=Mauritania}}
| {{MRT}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|23|26|N|6|23|W|type:country|name=Mali}}
| {{MLI}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|23|26|N|2|23|W|type:country|name=Algeria}}
| {{DZA}}
|
|-
|}
==Circumnavigation==
According to the [[Fédération Aéronautique Internationale]]'s rules, for a flight to compete for a round-the-world speed record, it must cover a distance no less than the length of the Tropic of Cancer, as well as cross all of the [[Meridian (geography)|meridians]], and end on the same airfield where it started.
To calculate the length of the Tropic:
* At present (2011) the radius of the circle will be 6 378 x cos(23º 26′ 16″) which results in 5 851.77 km
* Then, <math> \ell = \pi \cdot 2r </math> = 3.1416 x 2 x 5851.77 which amounts to 36 767.8413
* Therefore, assuming the Earth to be a perfect sphere, the length of the circumference at the parallel of the Tropics would be '''36 768 km'''
For an ordinary [[circumnavigation]] the rules are somewhat relaxed and the distance is set to a rounded value of at least 37,000 kilometers.
==External links==
{{Wiktionary}}
* [http://www.omanholiday.co.uk/TropicofCancerinOmanbyTonyWalshforOmanToday.pdf Article on the Tropic of Cancer in Oman ]
* [http://www.jqjacobs.net/astro/epoch_2000.html Temporal Epoch Calculations]
* [http://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc/models/constants.html Useful constants"] See: Obliquity of the ecliptic
==See also==
*[[23rd parallel north]]
*[[24th parallel north]]
*[[Tropic of Capricorn]]
*[[Antarctic Circle]]
*[[Arctic Circle]]
*[[Axial tilt#Values|Axial tilt]]
*[[Equator]]
*[[Milankovitch cycles]]
*[[Ducking and shaving]]
== Notes ==
{{reflist}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
[[:Category:Tropics]]
[[af:Kreefskeerkring]]
[[ar:مدار السرطان]]
[[bn:কর্কটক্রান্তি]]
[[bo:བྱང་གི་ལྡོག་ཐིག]]
[[bg:Тропик на Рака]]
[[ca:Tròpic de Càncer]]
[[cs:Obratník Raka]]
[[cy:Trofan Cancr]]
[[da:Krebsens vendekreds]]
[[de:Wendekreis (Breitenkreis)#Nördlicher Wendekreis]]
[[et:Vähi pöörijoon]]
[[es:Trópico de Cáncer]]
[[eo:Tropiko de Kankro]]
[[eu:Kantzerko Tropikoa]]
[[fa:رأسالسرطان]]
[[fr:Tropique du Cancer]]
[[gl:Trópico de Cáncer]]
[[ko:북회귀선]]
[[hi:कर्क रेखा]]
[[hr:Rakova obratnica]]
[[io:Tropiko di Kankro]]
[[id:Garis balik utara]]
[[it:Tropico del Cancro]]
[[he:חוג הסרטן]]
[[ka:ჩრდილოეთი ტროპიკი]]
[[ku:Kelûya Kevjalê]]
[[la:Cancri tropicus]]
[[lv:Ziemeļu tropu loks]]
[[lt:Vėžio atogrąža]]
[[hu:Ráktérítő]]
[[mr:कर्कवृत्त]]
[[ms:Garisan Sartan]]
[[my:မြောက်ယဉ်စွန်းတန်း]]
[[nl:Kreeftskeerkring]]
[[ja:北回帰線]]
[[no:Krepsens vendekrets]]
[[oc:Tropic del Càncer]]
[[pl:Zwrotnik (geografia)]]
[[pt:Trópico de Câncer]]
[[ro:Tropicul Racului]]
[[ru:Северный тропик]]
[[simple:Tropic of Cancer]]
[[sk:Obratník Raka]]
[[sl:Rakov povratnik]]
[[sr:Северни повратник]]
[[fi:Kravun kääntöpiiri]]
[[sv:Kräftans vändkrets]]
[[tl:Tropiko ng Kanser]]
[[te:కర్కట రేఖ]]
[[tr:Yengeç Dönencesi]]
[[uk:Тропік Рака]]
[[vi:Chí tuyến Bắc]]
[[wa:Tropike del Crantche]]
[[zh:北回归线]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^38th parallel north^^^^
{{Infobox Korean name
|img=Crossing the 38th parallel.jpg
|caption=South Korean and UN troops withdraw behind the 38th parallel in the [[Korean War]].
|hangul=삼팔선
|hanja=三八線
|rr=Sampalseon
|mr=Samp'alsŏn
}}
{{kml}}
The '''38th parallel north''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 38 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[true north|north]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses [[Europe]], the [[Mediterranean Sea]], [[Asia]], the [[Pacific Ocean]], [[North America]], and the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. The 38th parallel north has been especially important in the recent history of [[Korea]].
At this latitude the [[sun]] is visible for 14 hours, 48 minutes during the [[summer solstice]] and 9 hours, 32 minutes during the [[winter solstice]].<ref>http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/Dur_OneYear.php</ref>
==Korea==
{{seealso|Division of Korea|Panmunjom}}
The 38th parallel was first suggested as a dividing line for Korea in 1896.<ref>http://www.turkishweekly.net/article/161/turkish-brigade-in-korean-war-25th-june-26-nov-1950-.html</ref> [[Russian Empire|Russia]] was attempting to pull Korea under its control, while Japan had just secured recognition of its rights in Korea from the [[British Empire|British]]. In an attempt to prevent any conflict, Japan proposed to Russia that the two sides split Korea into separate [[spheres of influence]] along the 38th parallel. However, no formal agreement was ever reached, and Japan later took [[Korea under Japanese rule|full control of Korea]].
{{Location map-line|lat=38}}
[[Image:DMZ 10.JPG|thumb|The left side of the boundary in this image belongs to South Korea while the right side belongs to North Korea]]
After the [[surrender of Japan]] in 1945, the parallel was established as the boundary by [[Dean Rusk]] and [[Charles Bonesteel]] of the US State-War Navy Coordinating Committee in Washington during the night of 10–11 August 1945, four days before the complete liberation of Korea. The parallel divided the peninsula roughly in the middle. In 1948, the dividing line became the boundary between the newly independent countries of [[North Korea|North]] and [[South Korea]]. On 25 June 1950, North Korean forces crossed the parallel and invaded South Korea, sparking the [[Korean War]].<ref>Nash, Gary B., The American People (6th edition), Pearson Longman (New York), 2008.</ref><ref>
:NOTE: "During World War II, the Korean Liberation Army was preparing an assault against the Japanese in Korea in conjunction with American Office of Strategic Services, but the Japanese surrender prevented the execution of the plan. The government's goal was achieved with Japanese surrender on September 2, 1945." See [[Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea]].
:
:There remains much confusion regarding the actual date of the surrender of Japan; however, it was on 28 August 1945 that Japan signed the Instrument of Surrender. US assaults of the Japanese mainland, including aerial bombardment, continued through the morning hours of 15 August 1945, despite claims by some sources that the US was aware as early as 10 August 1945 of the Japanese emperor's acceptance of the terms of the Potsdam Accord (effectively indicating surrender).
:
:This suggests, but does not indicate, the language of the article about the Provisional ROK Government refers (however imprecisely) to the surrender of Japanese forces then controlling or otherwise operating in Korea; regardless, 2 September 1945 was more than three weeks after the "night of 10–11 August 1945" date indicated in the above paragraph.
:
:Additionally, [http://countrystudies.us/south-korea/8.htm at least one source] indicates US President Harry S. Truman did not present the 38th Parallel (north) as a recommended boundary for division of the Korean peninsula until 15 August 1945, and that Russian Marshal Josef V. Stalin did not acquiesce to the proposal until 16 August 1945.</ref>
After the [[s:Korean Armistice Agreement|Armistice]] ended the Korean War in 1953, a [[demarcation line]] was established through the middle of the [[Korean Demilitarized Zone|Demilitarized Zone]]. This line crosses the 38th parallel at an [[acute angle]], from southwest to northeast, now serves as the [[Military Demarcation Line]] between the two Koreas.
==Geography==
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] heading eastwards, the 38th parallel north passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! width="125" | Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|38|0|N|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Mediterranean Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of the island of [[Marettimo]], {{ITA}} (at {{Coord|37|59|43|N|12|1|47|E|type:isle|name=Marettimo}})
|-
| {{Coord|38|0|N|12|19|E|type:country|name=Italy}}
| {{ITA}}
| Islands of [[Levanzo]] and [[Sicily]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|38|0|N|15|25|E|type:waterbody|name=Mediterranean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Mediterranean Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Strait of Messina]]
|-
| {{Coord|38|0|N|15|38|E|type:country|name=Italy}}
| {{ITA}}
|
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|38|0|N|16|8|E|type:waterbody|name=Mediterranean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Mediterranean Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Ionian Sea]] - passing between the islands of [[Kefalonia]] (at {{Coord|38|4|N|20|43|E|type:isle|name=Kefalonia}}) and [[Zakinthos]] (at {{Coord|37|56|N|20|42|E|type:isle|name=Zakinthos}}), {{GRC}}
|-
| {{Coord|38|0|N|21|16|E|type:country|name=Greece}}
| {{GRC}}
| Passing through [[Athens]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|38|0|N|24|2|E|type:waterbody|name=Aegean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Aegean Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|38|0|N|24|14|E|type:country|name=Greece}}
| {{GRC}}
| Islands of [[Petalioi]] and [[Euboea]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|38|0|N|24|34|E|type:waterbody|name=Aegean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Aegean Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of the island of [[Andros]] (at {{Coord|37|59|57|N|24|47|23|E|type:isle|name=Andros}}), {{GRC}}
|-
| {{Coord|38|0|N|27|7|E|type:country|name=Turkey}}
| {{TUR}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|38|0|N|44|17|E|type:country|name=Iran}}
| {{IRN}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|38|0|N|48|55|E|type:waterbody|name=Caspian Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Caspian Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|38|0|N|53|49|E|type:country|name=Turkmenistan}}
| {{TKM}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|38|0|N|55|17|E|type:country|name=Iran}}
| {{IRN}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|38|0|N|57|22|E|type:country|name=Turkmenistan}}
| {{TKM}}
| Passing just north of [[Ashgabat]]
|-
| {{Coord|38|0|N|66|38|E|type:country|name=Uzbekistan}}
| {{UZB}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|38|0|N|68|17|E|type:country|name=Tajikistan}}
| {{TJK}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|38|0|N|70|19|E|type:country|name=Afghanistan}}
| {{AFG}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|38|0|N|71|16|E|type:country|name=Tajikistan}}
| {{TJK}}
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|38|0|N|74|54|E|type:country|name=China}}
| {{PRC}}
| [[Xinjiang]] <br/
> [[Qinghai]] <br/
> [[Gansu]] <br/
> [[Inner Mongolia]] <br/
> [[Ningxia]] <br/
> Inner Mongolia <br/
> [[Shaanxi]] − for around 5 km <br/
> Inner Mongolia − for around 14 km <br/
> Shaanxi <br/
> [[Shanxi]] — passing just north of [[Taiyuan]] <br/
> [[Hebei]] — passing just south of [[Shijiazhuang]] <br/
> [[Shandong]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|38|0|N|118|58|E|type:waterbody|name=Yellow Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Yellow Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of [[Baengnyeong Island]] (at {{Coord|37|59|N|124|41|E|type:isle|name=Baengnyeong}}), {{KOR}}
|-
| {{Coord|38|0|N|125|7|E|type:country|name=North Korea}}
| {{PRK}}
| [[Ongjin Peninsula]] — [[South Hwanghae|Hwanghaenam-do]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|38|0|N|125|35|E|type:waterbody|name=Yellow Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Yellow Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Ongjin Bay]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|38|0|N|125|46|E|type:country|name=North Korea}}
| {{PRK}}
| Hwanghaenam-do<br /
> [[North Hwanghae|Hwanghaebuk-do]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|38|0|N|126|49|E|type:country|name=South Korea}}
| {{KOR}}
| [[Gyeonggi-do]]<br /
> [[Gangwon-do (South Korea)|Gangwon-do]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|38|0|N|128|44|E|type:waterbody|name=Sea of Japan}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Sea of Japan]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|38|0|N|138|14|E|type:country|name=Japan}}
| {{JPN}}
| Island of [[Sado, Niigata|Sado]]:<br/
>— [[Niigata Prefecture]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|38|0|N|138|33|E|type:waterbody|name=Sea of Japan}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Sea of Japan]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|38|0|N|139|14|E|type:country|name=Japan}}
| {{JPN}}
| Island of [[Honshū]]:<br/
>— Niigata Prefecture<br/
>— [[Yamagata Prefecture]]<br/
>— [[Miyagi Prefecture]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|38|0|N|140|55|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|38|0|N|123|1|W|type:country|name=United States}}
| {{USA}}
| [[California]]<br/
> [[Nevada]]<br/
> [[Utah]]<br/
> [[Colorado]]<br/
> [[Kansas]]<br/
> [[Missouri]]<br/
> [[Illinois]]<br/
> [[Indiana]]<br/
> [[Kentucky]]<br/
> [[West Virginia]]<br/
> [[Virginia]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|38|0|N|76|28|W|type:waterbody|name=Chesapeake Bay}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Chesapeake Bay]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|38|0|N|75|53|W|type:country|name=United States}}
| {{USA}}
| [[Maryland]]<br/
> [[Virginia]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|38|0|N|75|16|W|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing between [[Pico Island|Pico]] (at {{Coord|38|23|N|28|14|W|type:isle|name=Pico}}) and [[São Miguel Island|São Miguel]] (at {{Coord|37|55|N|25|47|W|type:isle|name=São Miguel}}) islands, [[Azores]], {{PRT}}
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|38|0|N|8|51|W|type:country|name=Portugal}}
| {{PRT}}
| [[Setúbal District]]<br/
> [[Beja District]] - passing just south of [[Beja (Portugal)|Beja]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|38|0|N|7|12|W|type:country|name=Spain}}
| {{ESP}}
| [[Andalusia]]<br/
> [[Extremadura]]<br/
> [[Andalusia]]<br/
> [[Region of Murcia]] - passing just north of [[Murcia]]<br/
> [[Valencian Community]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|38|0|N|0|39|W|type:waterbody|name=Mediterranean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Mediterranean Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|}
==See also==
*[[37th parallel north]]
*[[38th parallel structures]]
*[[39th parallel north]]
*[[Circle of latitude]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
* Oberdorfer, Don. ''The Two Koreas: A Contemporary History''. (1997)
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:38th Parallel North}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
[[:Category:Geography of Korea]]
[[ar:خط عرض 38 شمال]]
[[es:Paralelo 38 norte]]
[[fr:38e parallèle nord]]
[[ko:북위 38도]]
[[id:38 derajat lintang utara]]
[[it:38º parallelo]]
[[he:קו רוחב 38 צפון]]
[[ms:Paralel utara ke-38]]
[[nl:38e breedtegraad noord]]
[[ja:38度線]]
[[no:38. breddegrad]]
[[pt:Paralelo 38 N]]
[[sv:38:e breddgraden]]
[[tr:38. kuzey enlemi]]
[[vi:Vĩ tuyến 38 bắc]]
[[zh:北纬38度线]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^48th parallel north^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=48}}
{{kml}}
The '''48th parallel north''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 48 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[true north|north]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses [[Europe]], [[Asia]], the [[Pacific Ocean]], [[North America]], and the [[Atlantic Ocean]].
The [[Boston Beer Company]] brews an [[India Pale Ale]] called ''Latitude 48'' as much of the [[Northern Hemisphere]]'s [[hops]] are grown in a belt at approximately this latitude.<ref>http://www.samueladams.com/enjoy-our-beer/beer-detail.aspx?id=40f052d8-81f6-4a7b-9a38-6806c0eeebff</ref>
In [[Canada]] the parallel forms part of the border between [[Quebec]] and [[New Brunswick]].
At this latitude the [[sun]] is visible for 16 hours, 3 minutes during the [[summer solstice]] and 8 hours, 22 minutes during the [[winter solstice]].<ref>http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/Dur_OneYear.php</ref>
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 48° north passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! width="125" | Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-
| {{Coord|48|0|N|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| {{FRA}}
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|48|0|N|7|36|E|type:country|name=Germany}}
| {{DEU}}
| [[Baden-Württemberg]] - passing through [[Freiburg im Breisgau]], less than 1 km north of the city centre<br/
> [[Bavaria]] - passing through [[Ammersee|Lake Ammer]], and passing just south of [[Munich]]
|-
| {{Coord|48|0|N|12|52|E|type:country|name=Austria}}
| {{AUT}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|48|0|N|17|9|E|type:country|name=Hungary}}
| {{HUN}}
| For about 8 km
|-
| {{Coord|48|0|N|17|16|E|type:country|name=Slovakia}}
| {{SVK}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|48|0|N|18|49|E|type:country|name=Hungary}}
| {{HUN}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|48|0|N|22|51|E|type:country|name=Ukraine}}
| {{UKR}}
| For about 6 km
|-
| {{Coord|48|0|N|22|56|E|type:country|name=Romania}}
| {{ROM}}
| For about 4 km
|-
| {{Coord|48|0|N|23|0|E|type:country|name=Ukraine}}
| {{UKR}}
| For about 4 km
|-
| {{Coord|48|0|N|23|3|E|type:country|name=Romania}}
| {{ROM}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|48|0|N|23|24|E|type:country|name=Ukraine}}
| {{UKR}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|48|0|N|26|11|E|type:country|name=Romania}}
| {{ROM}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|48|0|N|27|8|E|type:country|name=Moldova}}
| {{MDA}}
| Passing through [[Transnistria]]
|-
| {{Coord|48|0|N|28|54|E|type:country|name=Ukraine}}
| {{UKR}}
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|48|0|N|39|48|E|type:country|name=Russia}}
| {{RUS}}
| [[Rostov Oblast]]<br/
> [[Volgograd Oblast]]<br/
> [[Kalmykia]]<br/
> [[Astrakhan Oblast]]
|-
| {{Coord|48|0|N|47|1|E|type:country|name=Kazakhstan}}
| {{KAZ}}
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|48|0|N|85|34|E|type:country|name=China}}
| {{PRC}}
| [[Xinjiang]]
|-
| {{Coord|48|0|N|89|2|E|type:country|name=Mongolia}}
| {{MNG}}
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|48|0|N|89|17|E|type:country|name=China}}
| {{PRC}}
| [[Xinjiang]]
|-
| {{Coord|48|0|N|89|35|E|type:country|name=Mongolia}}
| {{MNG}}
| Passing just north of [[Ulan Bator]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|48|0|N|115|30|E|type:country|name=China}}
| {{PRC}}
| [[Inner Mongolia]]
|-
| {{Coord|48|0|N|117|47|E|type:country|name=Mongolia}}
| {{MNG}}
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|48|0|N|118|28|E|type:country|name=China}}
| {{PRC}}
| [[Inner Mongolia]]<br/
> [[Heilongjiang]]
|-
| {{Coord|48|0|N|130|44|E|type:country|name=Russia}}
| {{RUS}}
| [[Jewish Autonomous Oblast]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|48|0|N|132|52|E|type:country|name=China}}
| {{PRC}}
| [[Heilongjiang]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|48|0|N|134|33|E|type:country|name=Russia}}
| {{RUS}}
| [[Khabarovsk Krai]]<br/
> [[Primorsky Krai]]<br/
> [[Khabarovsk Krai]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|48|0|N|139|33|E|type:waterbody|name=Strait of Tartary}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Strait of Tartary]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|48|0|N|142|12|E|type:country|name=Russia}}
| {{RUS}}
| Island of [[Sakhalin]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|48|0|N|142|32|E|type:waterbody|name=Sea of Okhotsk}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Sea of Okhotsk]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing between the islands of [[Rasshua]] and [[Ushishir]] in {{RUS}}'s [[Kuril Islands|Kuril Island]] chain
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|48|0|N|153|10|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|48|0|N|124|41|W|type:country|name=United States}}
| {{USA}}
| [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]] - [[Olympic Peninsula]] (mainland), [[Whidbey Island]], and the mainland<br/
> [[Idaho]]<br/
> [[Montana]]<br/
> [[North Dakota]]<br/
> [[Minnesota]]
|-
| {{Coord|48|0|N|89|56|W|type:country|name=Canada}}
| {{CAN}}
| [[Ontario]] - for about 7 km
|-
| {{Coord|48|0|N|89|50|W|type:country|name=United States}}
| {{USA}}
| [[Minnesota]]
|-
| {{Coord|48|0|N|89|35|W|type:country|name=Canada}}
| {{CAN}}
| [[Ontario]] - for about 2 km
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|48|0|N|89|34|W|type:waterbody|name=Lake Superior}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Lake Superior]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|48|0|N|88|59|W|type:country|name=United States}}
| {{USA}}
| [[Michigan]] - [[Isle Royale]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|48|0|N|88|41|W|type:waterbody|name=Lake Superior}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Lake Superior]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|48|0|N|85|54|W|type:country|name=Canada}}
| {{CAN}}
| [[Ontario]]<br/
> [[Quebec]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|48|0|N|69|47|W|type:waterbody|name=Saint Lawrence River}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Saint Lawrence River]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|48|0|N|69|30|W|type:country|name=Canada}}
| {{CAN}}
| [[Quebec]] - [[Notre-Dame-des-Sept-Douleurs, Quebec|Île Verte]] and mainland<br/
> [[Quebec]] / [[New Brunswick]] border<br/
> [[Quebec]]<br/
> [[New Brunswick]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|48|0|N|66|19|W|type:waterbody|name=Baie des Chaleurs}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Baie des Chaleurs]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Just passing by the south of the [[Gaspé Peninsula]], [[Quebec]], {{CAN}}
|-
| {{Coord|48|0|N|64|33|W|type:country|name=Canada}}
| {{CAN}}
| [[New Brunswick]] - [[Miscou Island]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|48|0|N|64|29|W|type:waterbody|name=Gulf of Saint Lawrence}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Saint Lawrence]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|48|0|N|59|17|W|type:country|name=Canada}}
| {{CAN}}
| [[Newfoundland and Labrador]] - island of [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]].<br/
> From west to east, the parallel enters the island near the [[Anguille Mountains]] then passes near the community of [[North Branch, Newfoundland and Labrador|North Branch]]. Further east it passes 1 km north of the [[Bay d'Espoir Hydro Electric Development|Bay d'Espoir Generating Station]], and through the community of [[Queen's Cove]].
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|48|0|N|53|39|W|type:waterbody|name=Trinity Bay}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Trinity Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador|Trinity Bay]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|48|0|N|53|19|W|type:country|name=Canada}}
| {{CAN}}
| [[Newfoundland and Labrador]] - [[Bay de Verde Peninsula]], island of [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]] (from [[Hants Harbour]] to [[Lower Island Cove]])
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|48|0|N|52|59|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|48|0|N|4|30|W|type:country|name=France}}
| {{FRA}}
|
|}
==See also==
*[[47th parallel north]]
*[[49th parallel north]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:48th Parallel North}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
[[:Category:Borders of Quebec]]
[[:Category:Borders of New Brunswick]]
[[pt:Paralelo 48 N]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^Horse latitudes^^^^
{{About|geographical area}}
[[File:Atmospheric circulation.svg|right|thumb|300px|A diagram showing the relative positions of the Horse latitudes]]
'''Horse Latitudes''' or '''Subtropical High''' are [[Subtropics|subtropical]] [[latitude]]s between 30 and 35 [[degree (angle)|degree]]s both north and south. This region, under a ridge of high pressure called the [[subtropical high]], is an area which receives little precipitation and has variable winds mixed with calm.
The consistently warm, dry conditions of the horse latitudes also contribute to the existence of temperate deserts, such as the [[Sahara Desert]] in Africa, the southwestern [[United States]] and northern [[Mexico]], and parts of the [[Middle East]] in the [[Northern Hemisphere]]; and the [[Atacama Desert]], the [[Kalahari Desert]], and the [[Australian Desert]] in the [[Southern Hemisphere]].
==Etymology==
A likely and documented explanation is that the term is derived from the "dead [[horse]]" ritual of seamen (see [[Beating a dead horse]]). In this practice, the seaman paraded a straw-stuffed effigy of a horse around the deck before throwing it overboard. Seamen were paid partly in advance before a long voyage, and they frequently spent their pay all at once, resulting in a period of time without income. If they got advances from the ship's paymaster, they would incur debt. This period was called the "dead horse" time, and it usually lasted a month or two. The seaman's ceremony was to celebrate having worked off the "dead horse" debt. As west-bound shipping from [[Europe]] usually reached the subtropics at about the time the "dead horse" was worked off, the latitude became associated with the ceremony.<ref>Kemp, Peter. ''The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea'', London, Oxford University Press, 1976. pp. 233, 399</ref>
One theory, of sufficient popularity as to be an example of [[folk etymology]], is that the term horse latitudes originates from when the Spanish transported horses by ship to their colonies in the West Indies and Americas. Ships often became becalmed in mid-ocean in this latitude, thus severely prolonging the voyage; the resulting water shortages made it impossible for the crew to keep the horses alive, and they would throw the dead or dying animals overboard.<ref>''The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia'', Sixth Edition. New York: Columbia University Press, 2003</ref>
==See also==
*[[Atmospheric circulation]]
*[[Circle of latitude]]
*[[Doldrums]]
*[[Roaring Forties]]
*[[Intertropical convergence zone]]
*[[Subtropical ridge]]
==Citations==
{{reflist}}
==References==
* ''The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia'', Sixth Edition. New York: Columbia University Press, 2003.
{{geographical coordinates}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
{{Geo-term-stub}}
{{climate-stub}}
[[be:Конскія шыроты]]
[[cs:Koňské šířky]]
[[de:Rossbreiten]]
[[el:Ζώνη υποτροπικών νηνεμιών]]
[[fr:Latitudes des chevaux]]
[[nl:Paardenbreedten]]
[[ja:亜熱帯高圧帯]]
[[nn:Hestebreiddene]]
[[pl:Końskie szerokości]]
[[ru:Конские широты]]
[[fi:Hepoasteet]]
[[sv:Hästlatitud]]
[[vi:Vĩ độ ngựa]]
[[zh:副熱帶高壓]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^36th parallel north^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=36}}
{{kml}}
The '''36th parallel north''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 36 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[true north|north]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses [[Africa]], the [[Mediterranean Sea]], [[Asia]], the [[Pacific Ocean]], [[North America]] and the [[Atlantic Ocean]].
From 7 April 1991 to 31 December 1996, the parallel defined the limit of the northern [[Iraqi no-fly zones|no-fly zone]] in [[Iraq]].
At this latitude the [[sun]] is visible for 14 hours, 36 minutes during the [[summer solstice]] and 9 hours, 43 minutes during the [[winter solstice]].<ref>http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/Dur_OneYear.php</ref>
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 36° north passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! width="125" | Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|36|0|N|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Mediterranean Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|36|0|N|0|7|E|type:country|name=Algeria}}
| {{DZA}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|36|0|N|8|18|E|type:country|name=Tunisia}}
| {{TUN}}
|
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|36|0|N|10|31|E|type:waterbody|name=Mediterranean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Mediterranean Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of the island of [[Linosa]], {{ITA}}<br/
> Passing between the islands of [[Comino]] and [[Malta Island|Malta]], {{MLT}}
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|36|0|N|23|10|E|type:waterbody|name=Aegean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Aegean Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing between the islands of [[Kythira]] and [[Antikythera]], {{GRC}}<br/
> Passing just north of [[Saria Island]], {{GRC}}
|-
| {{Coord|36|0|N|27|45|E|type:country|name=Greece}}
| {{GRC}}
| Island of [[Rhodes]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|36|0|N|27|55|E|type:waterbody|name=Mediterranean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Mediterranean Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|36|0|N|35|59|E|type:country|name=Turkey}}
| {{TUR}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|36|0|N|36|22|E|type:country|name=Syria}}
| {{SYR}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|36|0|N|41|17|E|type:country|name=Iraq}}
| {{IRQ}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|36|0|N|45|21|E|type:country|name=Iran}}
| {{IRN}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|36|0|N|61|10|E|type:country|name=Turkmenistan}}
| {{TKM}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|36|0|N|63|49|E|type:country|name=Afghanistan}}
| {{AFG}}
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|36|0|N|71|15|E|type:country|name=Pakistan}}
| {{PAK}}
| [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]<br/
> [[Gilgit-Baltistan]] - claimed by {{IND}}
|-
| {{Coord|36|0|N|76|6|E|type:country|name=Shaksgam Valley}}
| [[Shaksgam Valley]]
| Area administered by {{PRC}}, claimed by {{IND}}
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|36|0|N|76|48|E|type:country|name=China}}
| {{PRC}}
| [[Xinjiang]]<br/
> [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]]<br/
> [[Qinghai]]<br/
> [[Gansu]] — passing just south of [[Lanzhou]] <br/
> [[Ningxia]]<br/
> Gansu<br/
> [[Shaanxi]]<br/
> [[Shanxi]]<br/
> [[Henan]]<br/
> [[Shandong]]<br/
> Henan (for about 15 km)<br/
> Shandong — passing just south of [[Qingdao]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|36|0|N|120|18|E|type:waterbody|name=Yellow Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Yellow Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|36|0|N|126|42|E|type:country|name=South Korea}}
| {{KOR}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|36|0|N|129|35|E|type:waterbody|name=Sea of Japan}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Sea of Japan]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|36|0|N|133|1|E|type:country|name=Japan}}
| {{JPN}}
| [[Island of [[Chibu, Shimane|Chiburi-shima]]:<br/
>— [[Shimane Prefecture]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|36|0|N|133|4|E|type:waterbody|name=Sea of Japan}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Sea of Japan]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|36|0|N|135|58|E|type:country|name=Japan}}
| {{JPN}}
| Island of [[Honshū]]: <br/
>— [[Fukui Prefecture]]<br/
>— [[Gifu Prefecture]]<br/
>— [[Nagano Prefecture]]<br/
>— [[Gunma Prefecture]] − for about 4 km<br/
>— [[Saitama Prefecture]]<br/
>— [[Chiba Prefecture]] − for about 6 km<br/
>— [[Ibaraki Prefecture]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|36|0|N|140|40|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|36|0|N|121|30|W|type:country|name=United States}}
| {{USA}}
| [[California]]<br/
> [[Nevada]]<br/
> [[Arizona]]<br/
> [[New Mexico]]<br/
> [[Texas]]<br/
> [[Oklahoma]]<br/
> [[Arkansas]]<br/
> [[Missouri]] / Arkansas border (approximate)<br/
> [[Tennessee]]<br/
> [[North Carolina]] (for about 14 km)<br/
> Tennessee (for about 12 km)<br/
> North Carolina
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|36|0|N|75|39|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|36|0|N|5|50|W|type:waterbody|name=Strait of Gibraltar}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Strait of Gibraltar]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing a few metres south of [[Punta de Tarifa]], {{ESP}} - the most [[Extreme points of Europe|southerly point of the European mainland]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|36|0|N|5|25|W|type:waterbody|name=Mediterranean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Mediterranean Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|}
==United States==
[[Image:Southern California.png|thumb|345px|[[Southern California]]]]
Cities and landmarks close to the parallel include [[Kettleman City, California]], [[Henderson, Nevada]], [[Hoover Dam]], [[South Rim]] of the [[Grand Canyon]], [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]], [[Tulsa, Oklahoma]], [[Nashville, Tennessee]], [[Knoxville, Tennessee]], [[Winston-Salem, North Carolina]], [[High Point, North Carolina]], [[Greensboro, North Carolina]], [[Durham, North Carolina]], [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina]], and others.
The sixth [[standard parallel]] south of [[Mount Diablo]] at 35°48′ north, 13.8344 miles south of the 36th parallel, forms a continuous boundary between the California counties of
[[Monterey County, California|Monterey]],
[[Kings County, California|Kings]],
[[Tulare County, California|Tulare]], and
[[Inyo County, California|Inyo]]
on the north and the counties of
[[San Luis Obispo County, California|San Luis Obispo]],
[[Kern County, California|Kern]], and
[[San Bernardino County, California|San Bernardino]]
on the south.<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=4M43AAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA626 Deering's annotated codes and statutes of California.</ref> It is sometimes taken as the boundary between [[Northern California]] and [[Southern California]],<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=WCMLAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA230 Historical Society of Southern California</ref> although definitions using the [[Tehachapi Mountains]] are also common.
The parallel 36° north approximately forms the southernmost boundary of the [[Missouri Bootheel]] with the [[Arkansas|State of Arkansas]].
The 36th parallel passes through [[Duke_University#Geography|Duke University]] in several places. Its Campus Drive that connects the campuses crosses the parallel several times.{{Citation needed|date=December 2010}} The [[Sarah P. Duke Gardens|Duke Gardens]] has a "36th Parallel Club" although the garden itself is just north of the parallel.{{Citation needed|date=December 2010}}
==References==
<references/>
==See also==
*[[35th parallel north]]
*[[Parallel 36°30′ north]]
*[[37th parallel north]]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2010}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:36th Parallel North}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
[[:Category:Borders of Missouri]]
[[:Category:Borders of Arkansas]]
[[ko:북위 36도]]
[[pt:Paralelo 36 N]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^40th parallel north^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=40}}
{{kml}}
The '''40th parallel north''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 40 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[true north|north]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses [[Europe]], the [[Mediterranean Sea]], [[Asia]], the [[Pacific Ocean]], [[North America]], and the [[Atlantic Ocean]].
At this latitude the sun is visible for 15 hours, 1 minute during the [[summer solstice]] and 9 hours, 20 minutes during the [[winter solstice]].<ref>http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/Dur_OneYear.php</ref> On June 21, the [[sun]] is at 73.83 degrees in the sky and at 26.17 on 21 December.{{citation needed|date=July 2011}}
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 40° north passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! width="125" | Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-
| {{Coord|40|0|N|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| {{ESP}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|40|0|N|0|2|E|type:waterbody|name=Mediterranean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of the island of [[Majorca]], {{ESP}}
|-
| {{Coord|40|0|N|3|48|E|type:country|name=Spain}}
| {{ESP}}
| Island of [[Minorca]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|40|0|N|4|13|E|type:waterbody|name=Mediterranean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|40|0|N|8|24|E|type:country|name=Italy}}
| {{ITA}}
| Island of [[Sardinia]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|40|0|N|9|42|E|type:waterbody|name=Mediterranean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Tyrrhenian Sea]]
|-
| {{Coord|40|0|N|15|20|E|type:country|name=Italy}}
| {{ITA}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|40|0|N|15|26|E|type:waterbody|name=Mediterranean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Policastro]]
|-
| {{Coord|40|0|N|15|41|E|type:country|name=Italy}}
| {{ITA}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|40|0|N|16|37|E|type:waterbody|name=Mediterranean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Taranto]]
|-
| {{Coord|40|0|N|18|0|E|type:country|name=Italy}}
| {{ITA}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|40|0|N|18|25|E|type:waterbody|name=Mediterranean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Strait of Otranto]]
|-
| {{Coord|40|0|N|19|53|E|type:country|name=Albania}}
| {{ALB}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|40|0|N|20|23|E|type:country|name=Greece}}
| {{GRC}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|40|0|N|22|37|E|type:waterbody|name=Aegean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Aegean Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|40|0|N|23|23|E|type:country|name=Greece}}
| {{GRC}}
| [[Kassandra, Chalkidiki|Kassandra]] and [[Sithonia]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|40|0|N|24|0|E|type:waterbody|name=Aegean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Aegean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|40|0|N|25|6|E|type:country|name=Greece}}
| {{GRC}}
| Island of [[Lemnos]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|40|0|N|25|26|E|type:waterbody|name=Aegean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Aegean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|40|0|N|26|11|E|type:country|name=Turkey}}
| {{TUR}}
| Passing just north of [[Ankara]]
|-
| {{Coord|40|0|N|44|24|E|type:country|name=Armenia}}
| {{ARM}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|40|0|N|45|36|E|type:country|name=Azerbaijan}}
| {{AZE}}
| Passing through [[Nagorno-Karabakh]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|40|0|N|49|27|E|type:waterbody|name=Caspian Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Caspian Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|40|0|N|52|46|E|type:country|name=Turkmenistan}}
| {{TKM}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|40|0|N|62|26|E|type:country|name=Uzbekistan}}
| {{UZB}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|40|0|N|68|48|E|type:country|name=Tajikistan}}
| {{TJK}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|40|0|N|69|31|E|type:country|name=Kyrgyzstan}}
| {{KGZ}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|40|0|N|70|32|E|type:country|name=Tajikistan}}
| {{TJK}}
| For about 9 km
|-
| {{Coord|40|0|N|70|39|E|type:country|name=Kyrgyzstan}}
| {{KGZ}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|40|0|N|71|5|E|type:country|name=Uzbekistan}}
| {{UZB}}
| [[Sokh]] [[exclave]] - for about 7 km
|-
| {{Coord|40|0|N|71|10|E|type:country|name=Kyrgyzstan}}
| {{KGZ}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|40|0|N|71|48|E|type:country|name=Uzbekistan}}
| {{UZB}}
| [[Shohimardon]] [[exclave]] - for about 4 km
|-
| {{Coord|40|0|N|71|50|E|type:country|name=Kyrgyzstan}}
| {{KGZ}}
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|40|0|N|73|58|E|type:country|name=China}}
| {{PRC}}
| [[Xinjiang]] <br/
> [[Gansu]] <br/
> [[Inner Mongolia]] <br/
> [[Shanxi]] <br/
> [[Hebei]] <br/
> [[Beijing]] (passing just north of the city centre) <br/
> Hebei <br/
> [[Tianjin]] <br/
> Hebei <br/
> [[Liaoning]] (for about 8km)
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|40|0|N|119|54|E|type:waterbody|name=Yellow Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Yellow Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Liaodong Bay]]
|-
| {{Coord|40|0|N|121|53|E|type:country|name=China}}
| {{PRC}}
| Liaoning ([[Liaodong Peninsula]])
|-
| {{Coord|40|0|N|124|21|E|type:country|name=North Korea}}
| {{PRK}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|40|0|N|127|57|E|type:waterbody|name=Sea of Japan}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Sea of Japan]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|40|0|N|128|10|E|type:country|name=North Korea}}
| {{PRK}}
| [[Mayang Island]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|40|0|N|128|13|E|type:waterbody|name=Sea of Japan}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Sea of Japan]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|40|0|N|139|54|E|type:country|name=Japan}}
| {{JPN}}
| Island of [[Honshū]]<br/
>— [[Akita Prefecture]]<br/
>— [[Iwate Prefecture]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|40|0|N|141|57|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|40|0|N|124|1|W|type:country|name=United States}}
| {{USA}}
| [[California]]<br/
> [[Nevada]]<br/
> [[Utah]]<br/
> [[Colorado]]<br/
> [[Nebraska]] / [[Kansas]] border<br/
> [[Missouri]]<br/
> [[Illinois]]<br/
> [[Indiana]]<br/
> [[Ohio]]<br/
> [[West Virginia]]<br/
> [[Pennsylvania]]<br/
> [[New Jersey]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|40|0|N|74|3|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Atlantic Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of [[Corvo Island]], [[Azores]], {{PRT}}
|-
| {{Coord|40|0|N|8|55|W|type:country|name=Portugal}}
| {{PRT}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|40|0|N|6|51|W|type:country|name=Spain}}
| {{ESP}}
|
|}
'''==United States==
[[File:OSU 40th Parallel Marker.JPG|thumb|Marker at [[Ohio State University]]]]
The parallel 40° north forms the boundary between the [[Kansas|State of Kansas]] and [[Nebraska|State of Nebraska]]. On 30 May 1854, the [[Kansas–Nebraska Act]] created the [[Territory of Kansas]] and the [[Territory of Nebraska]] divided by the parallel 40° north. Both territories were required to determine for themselves whether to permit [[slavery]]. [[Bleeding Kansas|Open conflict]] between [[slave and free states|free-state]] and [[slave state|pro-slavery]] forces in the Kansas Territory led to the [[American Civil War]].
The parallel 40° north formed the original northern boundary of the [[British monarchy|British]] [[Maryland#History|Colony of Maryland]]. A subsequent [[British monarchy|royal]] grant gave the [[Pennsylvania#History|Colony of Pennsylvania]] land north of the 40th parallel but mistakenly assumed it would intersect the [[Twelve Mile Circle]], which it does not. Pennsylvania's border was thus unclear and the colony pushed for a border far south of the 40th parallel. The [[Mason–Dixon Line]] was drawn between 1763 and 1767 as the compromise boundary between the overlapping claims of these two colonies.
The parallel 40° north passes through the cities of [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]] and [[Columbus, Ohio]]; as well as northern suburbs of [[Indianapolis, Indiana]] and [[Denver, Colorado]]. The parallel goes directly through the [[Port Columbus International Airport]], with runway 10L-28R lying immediately north of the line, runway 10R-28L lying slightly south of it, and the line going through the northernmost edges of the terminal.
[[Baseline Road (Colorado)|Baseline Road]] in [[Boulder, Colorado]] traces the parallel 40° north.
==See also==
*[[39th parallel north]]
*[[41st parallel north]]
*[[Baseline (surveying)]]
*[[Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:40th Parallel North}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
[[:Category:Geographic history of the United States]]
[[:Category:Borders of Nebraska]]
[[:Category:Borders of Kansas]]
[[es:Paralelo 40 Norte]]
[[fr:40e parallèle nord]]
[[ko:북위 40도]]
[[ja:北緯40度線]]
[[pt:Paralelo 40 N]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^43rd parallel north^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=43}}
{{kml}}
The '''43rd parallel north''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 43 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[true north|north]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses [[Europe]], the [[Mediterranean Sea]], [[Asia]], the [[Pacific Ocean]], [[North America]], and the [[Atlantic Ocean]].
On 21 June the [[sun]] is at 70.83 degrees in the sky.{{citation needed|date=December 2010}}
At this latitude the sun is visible for 15 hours, 22 minutes during the [[summer solstice]] and 9 hours, 0 minutes during the [[winter solstice]].<ref>http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/Dur_OneYear.php</ref>
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 43° north passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! width="125" | Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-
| {{Coord|43|0|N|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| {{FRA}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|43|0|N|3|2|E|type:waterbody|name=Mediterranean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Mediterranean Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Lion]]
|-
| {{Coord|43|0|N|6|10|E|type:country|name=France}}
| {{FRA}}
| [[Îles d'Hyères]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|43|0|N|6|14|E|type:waterbody|name=Mediterranean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Mediterranean Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|43|0|N|9|20|E|type:country|name=France}}
| {{FRA}}
| Island of [[Corsica]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|43|0|N|9|27|E|type:waterbody|name=Mediterranean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Mediterranean Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of the island of [[Capraia]], {{ITA}}
|-
| {{Coord|43|0|N|10|30|E|type:country|name=Italy}}
| {{ITA}}
|
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|43|0|N|13|52|E|type:waterbody|name=Adriatic Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Adriatic Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of the island of [[Vis (island)|Vis]], {{HRV}}<br/
> Passing just north of the island of [[Korčula]], {{HRV}}
|-
| {{Coord|43|0|N|17|2|E|type:country|name=Croatia}}
| {{HRV}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|43|0|N|17|40|E|type:country|name=Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
| {{BIH}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|43|0|N|18|28|E|type:country|name=Montenegro}}
| {{MNE}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|43|0|N|20|6|E|type:country|name=Serbia}}
| {{SRB}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|43|0|N|20|34|E|type:country|name=Kosovo}}
| {{flag|Kosovo}}
| [[International recognition of Kosovo|Partially recognised]] as an independent state - claimed by {{SRB}}
|-
| {{Coord|43|0|N|21|14|E|type:country|name=Serbia}}
| {{SRB}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|43|0|N|22|49|E|type:country|name=Bulgaria}}
| {{BGR}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|43|0|N|27|54|E|type:waterbody|name=Black Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Black Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|43|0|N|40|56|E|type:country|name=Abkhazia}}
| {{flag|Abkhazia}}
| [[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|Partially recognised]] as an independent state - claimed by {{GEO}}
|-
| {{Coord|43|0|N|41|54|E|type:country|name=Georgia}}
| {{GEO}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|43|0|N|43|5|E|type:country|name=Russia}}
| {{RUS}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|43|0|N|47|28|E|type:waterbody|name=Caspian Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Caspian Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|43|0|N|51|46|E|type:country|name=Kazakhstan}}
| {{KAZ}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|43|0|N|56|0|E|type:country|name=Uzbekistan}}
| {{UZB}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|43|0|N|65|46|E|type:country|name=Kazakhstan}}
| {{KAZ}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|43|0|N|73|33|E|type:country|name=Kyrgyzstan}}
| {{KGZ}}
| Passing just north of [[Bishkek]]
|-
| {{Coord|43|0|N|74|43|E|type:country|name=Kazakhstan}}
| {{KAZ}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|43|0|N|80|23|E|type:country|name=China}}
| {{PRC}}
| [[Xinjiang]]
|-
| {{Coord|43|0|N|96|10|E|type:country|name=Mongolia}}
| {{MNG}}
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|43|0|N|110|40|E|type:country|name=China}}
| {{PRC}}
| [[Inner Mongolia]]<br/
> [[Liaoning]]<br/
> [[Jilin]] (for about 26 km)<br/
> Liaoning (for about 14 km)<br/
> Jilin
|-
| {{Coord|43|0|N|129|53|E|type:country|name=North Korea}}
| {{PRK}}
| For about 5 km
|-
| {{Coord|43|0|N|129|57|E|type:country|name=China}}
| {{PRC}}
| Jilin
|-
| {{Coord|43|0|N|131|6|E|type:country|name=Russia}}
| {{RUS}}
| [[Primorsky Krai]] — passing just south of [[Vladivostok]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|43|0|N|131|34|E|type:waterbody|name=Sea of Japan}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Sea of Japan]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Amur Bay]]
|-
| {{Coord|43|0|N|131|47|E|type:country|name=Russia}}
| {{RUS}}
| [[Russky Island]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|43|0|N|131|56|E|type:waterbody|name=Sea of Japan}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Sea of Japan]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Ussuri Bay]]
|-
| {{Coord|43|0|N|132|19|E|type:country|name=Russia}}
| {{RUS}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|43|0|N|134|7|E|type:waterbody|name=Sea of Japan}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Sea of Japan]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|43|0|N|140|31|E|type:country|name=Japan}}
| {{JPN}}
| Island of [[Hokkaidō]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|43|0|N|145|1|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|43|0|N|124|28|W|type:country|name=United States}}
| {{USA}}
| [[Oregon]]<br/
> [[Idaho]]<br/
> [[Wyoming]]<br/
> [[South Dakota]] / [[Nebraska]] border<br/
> South Dakota<br/
> [[Iowa]]<br/
> [[Wisconsin]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|43|0|N|87|53|W|type:waterbody|name=Lake Michigan}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Lake Michigan]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|43|0|N|86|13|W|type:country|name=United States}}
| {{USA}}
| [[Michigan]]
|-
| {{Coord|43|0|N|82|25|W|type:country|name=Canada}}
| {{CAN}}
| [[Ontario]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|43|0|N|79|1|W|type:country|name=United States}}
| {{USA}}
| [[New York]]<br/
> [[Vermont]]<br/
> [[New Hampshire]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|43|0|N|70|45|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|43|0|N|9|15|W|type:country|name=Spain}}
| {{ESP}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|43|0|N|1|4|W|type:country|name=France}}
| {{FRA}}
|
|-
|}
==United States==
The parallel 43° north forms most of the boundary between the [[Nebraska|State of Nebraska]] and the [[South Dakota|State of South Dakota]].
The parallel formed the northern border of the historic and extralegal [[Territory of Jefferson]].
==See also==
*[[42nd parallel north]]
*[[44th parallel north]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:43rd Parallel North}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
[[:Category:Borders of Nebraska]]
[[:Category:Borders of South Dakota]]
[[fr:43e parallèle nord]]
[[it:43º parallelo Nord]]
[[pt:Paralelo 43 N]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^Equator^^^^
{{Otheruses}}
{{nofootnotes|date=December 2010}}
{{pp-move-indef}}
{{Location map-line|lat=0}}
[[File:Equator and Prime Meridian.svg|thumb|300px|Nations that touch the Equator (red) or the [[Prime Meridian]] (blue)]]
An '''equator''' is the intersection of a [[sphere]]'s surface with the [[plane (mathematics)|plane]] perpendicular to the sphere's [[rotation|axis of rotation]] and containing the sphere's [[center of mass]].
'''The Equator''' refers to the [[Earth]]'s equator and is an imaginary line on the Earth's surface equidistant from the [[North Pole]] and [[South Pole]], dividing the Earth into the [[Northern Hemisphere]] and [[Southern Hemisphere]]. Other [[planet]]s and spherical astronomical bodies have equators similarly defined.
== Geodesy of the Equator ==
[[Image:Equator sign kenya.jpg|thumb|left|Road sign marking the Equator near [[Nanyuki]], Kenya]]
The [[latitude]] of the Equator is 0° (zero [[degree (angle)|degree]]s). The length of [[Earth]]'s equator is about {{convert|40030.2|km|1}}. To calculate the actual length of the Equator would require taking into consideration that the Equator goes up and down various mountains and hills in [[South America]], in [[Africa]], and on various islands. The Equator is one of the five notable [[circle of latitude|circles of latitude]] on Earth, with the others being the two [[Polar Circle]]s and the two Tropical Circles: the [[Tropic of Cancer]] and the [[Tropic of Capricorn]]. The Equator is the only line of latitude which is also a [[great circle]]. The imaginary circle obtained when the Earth's equator is projected onto the sky is called the [[celestial equator]].
The [[Sun]], in its [[season]]al apparent movement across the sky, passes directly over the Equator twice each [[year]], at the March and September [[equinox]]es. At the Equator, the rays of the sun are [[perpendicular]] to the surface of the earth on these dates.
[[Image:Equator Sao Tome.jpg|thumb|right|The Equator marked as it crosses [[Ilhéu das Rolas]], in São Tomé and Príncipe]]
Places on the Equator experience the quickest rates of [[sunrise]] and [[sunset]] in the world. They are also the only places in the world where the sun can go directly from the [[zenith]] to the [[nadir]] and from the nadir to the zenith. Such places also have a theoretical constant 12 hours of day and night throughout the year, though in practice there are variations of a few minutes due to the effects of atmospheric refraction and because sunrise and sunset are measured from the time that the ''edge'' of the Sun's disk is on the [[horizon]], rather than the ''center'' of the disk.
The Earth [[equatorial bulge|bulges slightly at the Equator]]. It has an average diameter of {{convert|12750|km|0}}, but at the Equator the diameter is approximately {{convert|43|km|0}} greater than the polar diameter.
[[Image:Equator monument.jpg|thumb|left|A monument marking the Equator near the town of [[Pontianak, Indonesia]]]]
Locations near the Equator are theoretically good sites for [[spaceport]]s, such as the [[Guiana Space Centre]] in [[Kourou]], [[French Guiana]], as they are already moving faster than any other point on the Earth due to the Earth's rotation, and the added velocity reduces the amount of fuel needed to launch spacecraft. Spacecraft launched in this manner must launch to the east, southeast, or northeast to take advantage of this effect.
For high precision work, the Equator is not quite as fixed as the above discussion implies. The true equatorial plane must always be perpendicular to the Earth's spin axis. Although this axis is relatively stable, its [[polar motion|position drifts]] about {{convert|9.0|m|0}} north-south over the course of a year. Thus, the true equator moves slightly, but this effect is only relevant in extremely precise [[geophysical]] measurements.
== Equatorial seasons and climate ==
[[File:Marcozero.jpg|200px|thumb|The ''"Marco Zero"'' in [[Macapá]], [[Brazil]].]]
Near the Equator there is little distinction between summer, winter, autumn, or spring. The temperatures there are usually high year-round—with the distinct exception of parts of the Equator that cross high mountains in [[South America]] and in [[Africa]]. (See [[Andes Mountains]] and [[Mt. Kilimanjaro]].) The temperature at the Equator can also plummet during the extensive [[rainstorm]]s in many locations. In many tropical regions people identify two seasons: the wet season and the dry season. However, many places close to the Equator are on the oceans or rainy throughout the year. The seasons can vary depending on a variety of factors including elevation and proximity to an ocean. These oceanic, rainy, and mountainous locations mean that the equatorial climate is not the hottest in the world.
The surface of the Earth at the Equator lies mostly on three of the [[ocean]]s: the [[Pacific Ocean]], the [[Atlantic Ocean]], and the [[Indian Ocean]]. The highest point on the Equator is at the elevation of {{convert|4690|m|0}}, at {{coord|0|0|0|N|77|59|31|W|type:landmark_region:EC|name=highest point on the Equator}}, found on the southern slopes of [[Volcán Cayambe]] [summit {{convert|5790|m|0}}] in [[Ecuador]]. This place is a short distance above the [[snow line]], and this immediate vicinity forms the only section of the Equator where snow lies on the ground year-round.
== Equatorial countries and territories ==
{{kml}}
The Equator traverses the land and/or territorial waters of 14 [[country|countries]]. Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the Equator passes through:
{{-}}
{| class="wikitable"
! Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|0|N|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Guinea]]
|-
| {{Coord|0|0|N|6|31|E|type:country|name=São Tomé and Príncipe}}
| {{STP}}
| [[Ilhéu das Rolas]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|0|0|N|6|31|E|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Guinea]]
|-
| {{Coord|0|0|N|9|21|E|type:country|name=Gabon}}
| {{GAB}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|0|0|N|13|56|E|type:country|name=Republic of the Congo}}
| {{COG}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|0|0|N|17|46|E|type:country|name=Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
| {{COD}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|0|0|N|29|43|E|type:country|name=Uganda}}
| {{UGA}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|0|0|N|32|22|E|type:waterbody|name=Lake Victoria}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Lake Victoria]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing through some islands of {{UGA}}
|-
| {{Coord|0|0|N|34|0|E|type:country|name=Kenya}}
| {{KEN}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|0|0|N|41|0|E|type:country|name=Somalia}}
| {{SOM}}
|
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|0|0|N|42|53|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing between [[Huvadhu Atoll]] and [[Fuvahmulah]] of the {{MDV}}
|-
| {{Coord|0|0|N|98|12|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| The [[Batu Islands]], [[Sumatra]] and the [[Lingga Islands]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|0|0|N|104|34|E|type:waterbody|name=Karimata Strait}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Karimata Strait]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|0|0|N|109|9|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| [[Borneo]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|0|0|N|117|30|E|type:waterbody|name=Makassar Strait}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Makassar Strait]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|0|0|N|119|40|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| [[Sulawesi|Sulawesi (Celebes)]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|0|0|N|120|5|E|type:waterbody|name=Gulf of Tomini}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Tomini]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|0|0|N|124|0|E|type:waterbody|name=Molucca Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Molucca Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|0|0|N|127|24|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Kayoa and [[Halmahera]] islands
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|0|0|N|127|53|E|type:waterbody|name=Halmahera Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Halmahera Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|0|0|N|129|20|E|type:country|name=Indonesia}}
| {{IDN}}
| Gebe Island
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|0|0|N|129|21|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing 570 m north of [[Waigeo]] island, {{IDN}}<br/
> Passing 13 km south of [[Aranuka]] atoll, {{KIR}}<br/
> Passing 21 km south of [[Baker Island]], {{UMI}}
|-
| {{Coord|0|0|N|91|35|W|type:country|name=Ecuador}}
| {{ECU}}
| [[Isabela Island (Ecuador)|Isabela Island]] in the [[Galápagos Islands]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|0|0|N|91|13|W|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|0|0|N|80|6|W|type:country|name=Ecuador}}
| {{ECU}}
| Passing 24 km north of central [[Quito]], near [[Mitad del Mundo]]
|-
| {{Coord|0|0|N|75|32|W|type:country|name=Colombia}}
| {{COL}}
| Passing 4.3 km north of the border with [[Peru]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|0|0|N|70|3|W|type:country|name=Brazil}}
| {{BRA}}
| [[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]]<br/
> [[Roraima]]<br/
> Amazonas<br/
> [[Pará]]<br/
> [[Amapá]]<br/
> Pará - islands in the mouth of the [[Amazon River]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|0|0|N|49|20|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
|}
Despite its name, no part of [[Equatorial Guinea]]'s territory lies on the Equator. However, its island of [[Annobón Province|Annobón]] is {{convert|155|km|-1}} south of the Equator, and the rest of the country lies to the north.
[[File:Mitad del Mundo GPS equator.JPG|thumb|Monuments and signs along the line of the GPS-calculated Equator at Museo de Sitio Intiñan, [[Mitad del Mundo]], [[Ecuador]]. In the front there is a device for "demonstrating" the bogus notion that water circles in different directions in different hemispheres.]]
== Crossing the Equator ==
{{Main|Line-crossing ceremony}}
Certain navies, such as the [[Royal Navy]] and the [[US Navy]], have a tradition of holding ceremonies on board ship to mark sailors' first crossing of the Equator. These rites of initiation have in the past been notorious for their brutality. Milder line-crossing ceremonies, typically featuring [[King Neptune]], are also held for passengers' entertainment on some civilian ocean liners and cruise ships.
== Exact length of the Equator ==
In two widely-used [[geodesy|geodetic]] standards, the Equator is modeled as a circle whose radius is a [[integer|whole number]] of metres. In 1976 the [[International Astronomical Union|IAU]] standardized this radius as {{convert|6378140|m|0}}, subsequently refined by the [[International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics|IUGG]] to {{convert|6378137|m|0}} and adopted in [[World Geodetic System|WGS-84]], though the yet more recent IAU-2000 has retained the old IAU-1976 value. In either case, the length of the Equator is by definition exactly 2π times the given standard, which to the nearest millimeter is {{convert|40075016.686|m}} in WGS-84 and {{convert|40075035.535|m}} in IAU-1976 and IAU-2000.<ref>Although millimeter precision can be important up to the scale of a mile, it has negligible physical significance at the scale of a geographic feature such as the Equator. From a computational standpoint, however, millimeter precision or better can be valuable for maintaining consistent results when used in programs for surveying and other applications that require precise measurements. As an overly simple example, if a program were to convert back and forth between the radius and the circumference of the earth sufficiently often while maintaining precision only to a meter each time, errors might accumulate until they became noticeable.</ref>
The [[geographical mile]] is defined as one arc minute of the Equator, and therefore has different values depending on which standard equator is used, namely {{convert|1855.3248|m}} or {{convert|1855.3257|m}} for respectively WGS-84 and IAU-2000, a difference of nearly a millimeter.
The earth is standardly modeled as a sphere flattened 0.336% along its axis. This makes the Equator 0.16% longer than a [[Meridian (geography)|meridian]] (as a great circle passing through the two poles). The IUGG standard meridian is, to the nearest millimeter, {{convert|40007862.917|m}}, one arc minute of which is {{convert|1852.216|m}}, explaining the [[International System of Units|SI]] standardization of the [[nautical mile]] as {{convert|1852|m|0}}, more than {{convert|3|m|0}} short of the [[geographical mile]].
== Climate ==
The zone of the Equator has a [[tropical rainforest climate]], also known as an equatorial climate. Usually, its average annual temperature is around {{convert|30|°C|°F|abbr=on}} during the day and {{convert|23|°C|°F|abbr=on}} at night. Rainfall is very high, usually from 2,500 to 3,500 mm per year. Average precipitation days are around 200 per year and average sunshine hours are around 2000 per year.
{{Weather box
|location = [[Macapá]], [[Brazil]] in South America
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan high C = 29.7
|Feb high C = 29.2
|Mar high C = 29.3
|Apr high C = 29.5
|May high C = 30.0
|Jun high C = 30.3
|Jul high C = 30.6
|Aug high C = 31.5
|Sep high C = 32.1
|Oct high C = 32.6
|Nov high C = 32.3
|Dec high C = 31.4
|year high C = 30.71
|Jan mean C = 26.4
|Feb mean C = 26.2
|Mar mean C = 26.3
|Apr mean C = 26.5
|May mean C = 26.8
|Jun mean C = 26.8
|Jul mean C = 26.8
|Aug mean C = 27.4
|Sep mean C = 27.8
|Oct mean C = 28.1
|Nov mean C = 27.9
|Dec mean C = 27.4
|year mean C = 27.03
|Jan low C = 23.0
|Feb low C = 23.1
|Mar low C = 23.2
|Apr low C = 23.5
|May low C = 23.5
|Jun low C = 23.2
|Jul low C = 22.9
|Aug low C = 23.3
|Sep low C = 23.4
|Oct low C = 23.5
|Nov low C = 23.5
|Dec low C = 23.4
|year low C = 23.29
|Jan precipitation mm = 299.6
|Feb precipitation mm = 347.0
|Mar precipitation mm = 407.2
|Apr precipitation mm = 384.3
|May precipitation mm = 351.5
|Jun precipitation mm = 220.1
|Jul precipitation mm = 184.8
|Aug precipitation mm = 98.00
|Sep precipitation mm = 42.60
|Oct precipitation mm = 35.50
|Nov precipitation mm = 58.40
|Dec precipitation mm = 142.5
|year precipitation mm = 2571.5
|Jan precipitation days = 23
|Feb precipitation days = 22
|Mar precipitation days = 24
|Apr precipitation days = 24
|May precipitation days = 25
|Jun precipitation days = 22
|Jul precipitation days = 19
|Aug precipitation days = 13
|Sep precipitation days = 6
|Oct precipitation days = 5
|Nov precipitation days = 6
|Dec precipitation days = 14
|year precipitation days = 203
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan sun = 148.8
|Feb sun = 113.1
|Mar sun = 108.5
|Apr sun = 114.0
|May sun = 151.9
|Jun sun = 189.0
|Jul sun = 226.3
|Aug sun = 272.8
|Sep sun = 273.0
|Oct sun = 282.1
|Nov sun = 252.0
|Dec sun = 204.6
|year sun = 2336.1
|source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]] ([[United Nations|UN]])<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.worldweather.org/136/c01071.htm
|title=Weather Information for Macapa
|accessdate=}}</ref>, [[Hong Kong Observatory]]<ref>[http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/s_america/brazil/macapa_e.htm Climatological Information for Macapa, Brazil] - Hong Kong Observatory</ref>
|date=March 2011}}
{{Weather box
|location = [[Pontianak, Indonesia]] in Asia
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan high C = 32.4
|Feb high C = 32.7
|Mar high C = 32.9
|Apr high C = 33.2
|May high C = 33.0
|Jun high C = 33.2
|Jul high C = 32.9
|Aug high C = 33.4
|Sep high C = 32.6
|Oct high C = 32.6
|Nov high C = 32.2
|Dec high C = 32.0
|year high C = 32.7
|Jan mean C = 27.6
|Feb mean C = 27.7
|Mar mean C = 28.0
|Apr mean C = 28.2
|May mean C = 28.2
|Jun mean C = 28.2
|Jul mean C = 27.7
|Aug mean C = 27.9
|Sep mean C = 27.6
|Oct mean C = 27.7
|Nov mean C = 27.4
|Dec mean C = 27.2
|year mean C = 27.7
|Jan low C = 22.7
|Feb low C = 22.6
|Mar low C = 23.0
|Apr low C = 23.2
|May low C = 23.4
|Jun low C = 23.1
|Jul low C = 22.5
|Aug low C = 22.3
|Sep low C = 22.6
|Oct low C = 22.8
|Nov low C = 22.6
|Dec low C = 22.4
|year low C = 22.7
|Jan precipitation mm = 260
|Feb precipitation mm = 215
|Mar precipitation mm = 254
|Apr precipitation mm = 292
|May precipitation mm = 256
|Jun precipitation mm = 212
|Jul precipitation mm = 201
|Aug precipitation mm = 180
|Sep precipitation mm = 295
|Oct precipitation mm = 329
|Nov precipitation mm = 400
|Dec precipitation mm = 302
|year precipitation mm = 3196
|Jan precipitation days = 15
|Feb precipitation days = 13
|Mar precipitation days = 21
|Apr precipitation days = 22
|May precipitation days = 20
|Jun precipitation days = 18
|Jul precipitation days = 16
|Aug precipitation days = 25
|Sep precipitation days = 14
|Oct precipitation days = 27
|Nov precipitation days = 25
|Dec precipitation days = 22
|year precipitation days = 238
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]] ([[United Nations|UN]])<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.worldweather.org/043/c00653.htm
|title=Weather Information for Pontianak
|accessdate=}}</ref>
|date=March 2011}}
{{Weather box
|location = [[Libreville]], [[Gabon]] in Africa
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan high C = 29.5
|Feb high C = 30.0
|Mar high C = 30.2
|Apr high C = 30.1
|May high C = 29.4
|Jun high C = 27.6
|Jul high C = 26.4
|Aug high C = 26.8
|Sep high C = 27.5
|Oct high C = 28.0
|Nov high C = 28.4
|Dec high C = 29.0
|year high C = 28.58
|Jan mean C = 26.8
|Feb mean C = 27.0
|Mar mean C = 27.1
|Apr mean C = 26.6
|May mean C = 26.7
|Jun mean C = 25.4
|Jul mean C = 24.3
|Aug mean C = 24.3
|Sep mean C = 25.4
|Oct mean C = 25.7
|Nov mean C = 25.9
|Dec mean C = 26.2
|year mean C = 25.95
|Jan low C = 24.1
|Feb low C = 24.0
|Mar low C = 23.9
|Apr low C = 23.1
|May low C = 24.0
|Jun low C = 23.2
|Jul low C = 22.1
|Aug low C = 21.8
|Sep low C = 23.2
|Oct low C = 23.4
|Nov low C = 23.4
|Dec low C = 23.4
|year low C = 23.30
|Jan precipitation mm = 250.3
|Feb precipitation mm = 243.1
|Mar precipitation mm = 363.2
|Apr precipitation mm = 339.0
|May precipitation mm = 247.3
|Jun precipitation mm = 54.10
|Jul precipitation mm = 6.600
|Aug precipitation mm = 13.70
|Sep precipitation mm = 104.0
|Oct precipitation mm = 427.2
|Nov precipitation mm = 490.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 303.2
|year precipitation mm = 2841.7
|Jan precipitation days = 17.9
|Feb precipitation days = 14.8
|Mar precipitation days = 19.5
|Apr precipitation days = 19.2
|May precipitation days = 16.0
|Jun precipitation days = 3.70
|Jul precipitation days = 1.70
|Aug precipitation days = 4.90
|Sep precipitation days = 14.5
|Oct precipitation days = 25.0
|Nov precipitation days = 22.6
|Dec precipitation days = 17.6
|year precipitation days = 177.4
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan sun = 176.7
|Feb sun = 182.7
|Mar sun = 176.7
|Apr sun = 177.0
|May sun = 158.1
|Jun sun = 132.0
|Jul sun = 117.8
|Aug sun = 89.90
|Sep sun = 96.00
|Oct sun = 111.6
|Nov sun = 135.0
|Dec sun = 167.4
|year sun = 1720.9
|source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]] ([[United Nations|UN]])<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.worldweather.org/128/c00255.htm
|title=Weather Information for Libreville
|accessdate=}}</ref>, [[Hong Kong Observatory]]<ref>[http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/africa/nig_cam/libreville_e.htm Climatological Information for Libreville, Gabon] - Hong Kong Observatory</ref>
|date=March 2011}}
== See also ==
{{Commons category|Equator}}
* [[1st parallel north]]
* [[1st parallel south]]
* [[Antarctic Circle]]
* [[Arctic Circle]]
* [[Coriolis Effect]]
* [[Intertropical Convergence Zone]]
* [[Thermal equator]]
* [[Tropic of Cancer]]
* [[Tropic of Capricorn]]
* [[Prime Meridian]]
== Notes ==
{{reflist}}
== References ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite journal |title=Geodetic Reference System 1980 |journal=Bulletin Géodésique |publisher=Springer-Verlag |location=[[Berlin]] |first=H |last=Moritz |pages=395–405 |volume=54 |issue=3 |date=September 1980 |doi=10.1007/BF02521480|bibcode = 1980BGeod..54..395M }} (IUGG/WGS-84 data)
* {{cite book |title=Computational Spherical Astronomy |publisher=Wiley |location=[[New York City|New York]] |first=Laurence G |last=Taff |year=1981 |isbn=047106257X |oclc=6532537}} (IAU data)
{{refend}}
== External links ==
* [http://armchairtravelogue.blogspot.com/2009/06/equatorial-monuments-around-world.html Equatorial Monuments Around the World]
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
<!--Other languages-->
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
[[:Category:Celestial coordinate system]]
[[:Category:Tropics]]
[[:Category:Geodesy]]
[[:Category:Navigation]]
[[:Category:GPS]]
[[af:Ewenaar]]
[[als:Äquator]]
[[ar:خط الاستواء]]
[[an:Equador]]
[[ast:Llinia ecuatorial]]
[[az:Ekvator]]
[[bn:নিরক্ষরেখা]]
[[zh-min-nan:Chhiah-tō]]
[[map-bms:Khatulistiwa]]
[[be:Экватар]]
[[be-x-old:Экватар]]
[[bs:Ekvator]]
[[br:Keheder]]
[[bg:Екватор]]
[[ca:Línia equatorial]]
[[cv:Экватор]]
[[ceb:Ekwador]]
[[cs:Zemský rovník]]
[[sn:Rutsazanisi]]
[[cy:Cyhydedd]]
[[da:Ækvator]]
[[de:Äquator]]
[[et:Ekvaator]]
[[el:Ισημερινός]]
[[es:Ecuador terrestre]]
[[eo:Ekvatoro]]
[[eu:Ekuatore]]
[[fa:استوا]]
[[fr:Équateur terrestre]]
[[fy:Evener]]
[[fur:L'ecuatôr]]
[[ga:Meánchiorcal]]
[[gl:Ecuador terrestre]]
[[ko:적도]]
[[hi:भूमध्य रेखा]]
[[hr:Ekvator]]
[[io:Equatoro]]
[[id:Khatulistiwa]]
[[is:Miðbaugur]]
[[it:Equatore]]
[[he:קו המשווה]]
[[jv:Katulistiwa]]
[[kn:ವಿಷುವದ್ರೇಖೆ]]
[[ka:ეკვატორი]]
[[sw:Ikweta]]
[[ht:Ekwatè (liy imajinè)]]
[[ku:Ekvator]]
[[la:Linea aequatorialis]]
[[lv:Ekvators]]
[[lb:Equator]]
[[lt:Pusiaujas]]
[[ln:Mambénga (monkɔlɔ́tɔ)]]
[[lmo:Equatur]]
[[hu:Egyenlítő]]
[[mk:Екватор]]
[[mg:Fehibe]]
[[ml:ഭൂമദ്ധ്യരേഖ]]
[[mr:विषुववृत्त]]
[[xmf:ეკვატორი]]
[[ms:Khatulistiwa]]
[[mn:Экватор]]
[[my:အီကွေတာ]]
[[nl:Evenaar]]
[[ja:赤道]]
[[no:Ekvator]]
[[nn:Ekvator]]
[[oc:Eqüator terrèstre]]
[[km:ខ្សែអេក្វាទ័រ]]
[[pl:Równik]]
[[pt:Linha do Equador]]
[[ro:Ecuator]]
[[qu:Chawpipacha]]
[[ru:Экватор]]
[[sah:Экватор]]
[[se:Ekváhtor]]
[[sq:Ekuatori]]
[[scn:Equaturi (tirrestri)]]
[[simple:Equator]]
[[sk:Rovník]]
[[sl:Ekvator]]
[[szl:Růwńik]]
[[so:Dhulbare]]
[[ckb:ھێڵی ئیستوا]]
[[sr:Екватор]]
[[sh:Ekvator]]
[[su:Hatulistiwa]]
[[fi:Päiväntasaaja]]
[[sv:Ekvator]]
[[sn:Mutsazanisi]]
[[tl:Ekwador]]
[[ta:நிலநடுக் கோடு]]
[[te:భూమధ్య రేఖ]]
[[th:เส้นศูนย์สูตร]]
[[tr:Ekvator]]
[[uk:Екватор]]
[[ur:خط استوا]]
[[vec:Equatore]]
[[vi:Xích đạo]]
[[wo:Yamoo]]
[[wuu:赤道]]
[[yi:עקוואטאר]]
[[zh-yue:赤道]]
[[bat-smg:Posiaus]]
[[zh:赤道]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^39th parallel north^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=39}}
{{kml}}
The '''39th parallel north''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 39 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[true north|north]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses [[Europe]], the [[Mediterranean Sea]], [[Asia]], the [[Pacific Ocean]], [[North America]], and the [[Atlantic Ocean]].
At this latitude the [[sun]] is visible for 14 hours, 54 minutes during the [[summer solstice]] and 9 hours, 26 minutes during the [[winter solstice]].<ref>http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/Dur_OneYear.php</ref>
Daylight along the 39th parallel north falls under 10 hours a day starting on November 18 and returns to over ten hours a day beginning January 24. Crops and other plant growth is considerably slowed during this period of reduced sunlight.{{citation needed|date=January 2011}}
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 39° north passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! width="125" | Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|39|0|N|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Mediterranean Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|39|0|N|1|17|E|type:country|name=Spain}}
| {{ESP}}
| Island of [[Ibiza]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|39|0|N|0|0|E|type:waterbody|name=Mediterranean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Mediterranean Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of the island of [[Cabrera, Balearic Islands|Cabrera]], {{ESP}}
|-
| {{Coord|39|0|N|8|23|E|type:country|name=Italy}}
| {{ITA}}
| Islands of [[Sant'Antioco]] and [[Sardinia]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|39|0|N|9|1|E|type:waterbody|name=Mediterranean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Mediterranean Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Tyrrhenian Sea]] - passing just north of the island of [[Stromboli]], {{ITA}}
|-
| {{Coord|39|0|N|16|8|E|type:country|name=Italy}}
| {{ITA}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|39|0|N|17|10|E|type:waterbody|name=Mediterranean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Mediterranean Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Ionian Sea]]
|-
| {{Coord|39|0|N|20|42|E|type:country|name=Greece}}
| {{GRC}}
| Mainland and island of [[Euboea]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|39|0|N|23|22|E|type:waterbody|name=Aegean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Aegean Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of the island of [[Skyros]], {{GRC}}
|-
| {{Coord|39|0|N|26|17|E|type:country|name=Greece}}
| {{GRC}}
| Island of [[Lesbos]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|39|0|N|26|32|E|type:waterbody|name=Aegean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Aegean Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|39|0|N|26|48|E|type:country|name=Turkey}}
| {{TUR}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|39|0|N|44|11|E|type:country|name=Iran}}
| {{IRN}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|39|0|N|45|26|E|type:country|name=Azerbaijan}}
| {{AZE}}
| [[Nakhchivan]] exclave
|-
| {{Coord|39|0|N|46|6|E|type:country|name=Armenia}}
| {{ARM}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|39|0|N|46|31|E|type:country|name=Azerbaijan}}
| {{AZE}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|39|0|N|46|41|E|type:country|name=Iran}}
| {{IRN}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|39|0|N|48|21|E|type:country|name=Azerbaijan}}
| {{AZE}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|39|0|N|49|11|E|type:waterbody|name=Caspian Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Caspian Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|39|0|N|53|2|E|type:country|name=Turkmenistan}}
| {{TKM}}
| Island of [[Ogurja Ada]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|39|0|N|53|3|E|type:waterbody|name=Caspian Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Caspian Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|39|0|N|53|53|E|type:country|name=Turkmenistan}}
| {{TKM}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|39|0|N|64|6|E|type:country|name=Uzbekistan}}
| {{UZB}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|39|0|N|68|7|E|type:country|name=Tajikistan}}
| {{TJK}}
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|39|0|N|73|49|E|type:country|name=China}}
| {{PRC}}
| [[Xinjiang]]<br/
> [[Qinghai]]<br/
> [[Gansu]]<br/
> Qinghai<br/
> Gansu<br/
> Qinghai (for about 7 km)<br/
> Gansu (for about 30 km)<br/
> Qinghai (for about 17 km)<br/
> Gansu<br/
> [[Inner Mongolia]] (for about 16 km)<br/
> Gansu (for about 6 km)<br/
> Inner Mongolia<br/
> Gansu<br/
> Inner Mongolia<br/
> [[Ningxia]]<br/
> Inner Mongolia<br/
> [[Shaanxi]]<br/
> [[Shanxi]]<br/
> [[Hebei]]<br/
> [[Tianjin]] (just south of the city centre)
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|39|0|N|117|46|E|type:waterbody|name=Yellow Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Yellow Sea]] ([[Bohai Gulf]])
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|39|0|N|121|19|E|type:country|name=China}}
| {{PRC}}
| [[Liaoning]] ([[Liaodong Peninsula]]) — passing just north of [[Dalian]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|39|0|N|121|51|E|type:waterbody|name=Yellow Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Yellow Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of Zhangzi Island and Haiyang Island
|-
| {{Coord|39|0|N|125|12|E|type:country|name=North Korea}}
| {{PRK}}
| Passing through [[Pyongyang]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|39|0|N|127|50|E|type:waterbody|name=Sea of Japan}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Sea of Japan]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|39|0|N|139|51|E|type:country|name=Japan}}
| {{JPN}}
| Island of [[Honshū]]: <br/
>— [[Yamagata Prefecture]]<br/
>— [[Akita Prefecture]]<br/
>— [[Iwate Prefecture]]<br/
>— [[Miyagi Prefecture]] − for about 1 km<br/
>— Iwate Prefecture
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|39|0|N|141|44|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|39|0|N|123|42|W|type:country|name=United States}}
| {{USA}}
| [[California]]<br/
> [[Nevada]]<br/
> [[Utah]]<br/
> [[Colorado]]<br/
> [[Kansas]]<br/
> [[Missouri]]<br/
> [[Illinois]]<br/
> [[Indiana]]<br/
> [[Kentucky]]<br/
> [[Ohio]]<br/
> [[West Virginia]]<br/
> [[Virginia]]<br/
> [[Maryland]] - cutting through the [[Chesapeake Bay Bridge]]<br/
> [[Delaware]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|39|0|N|75|20|W|type:waterbody|name=Delaware Bay}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Delaware Bay]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|39|0|N|74|57|W|type:country|name=United States}}
| {{USA}}
| [[New Jersey]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|39|0|N|74|47|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing between the islands of [[Graciosa]] (almost crossing its southern tip) and [[São Jorge Island|São Jorge]], [[Azores]], {{PRT}}
|-
| {{Coord|39|0|N|9|25|W|type:country|name=Portugal}}
| {{PRT}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|39|0|N|6|58|W|type:country|name=Spain}}
| {{ESP}}
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|39|0|N|0|9|W|type:waterbody|name=Mediterranean Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Mediterranean Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|}
==See also==
*[[38th parallel north]]
*[[40th parallel north]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:39th Parallel North}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
[[ko:북위 39도]]
[[pt:Paralelo 39 N]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^Arctic Circle^^^^
{{About|one of the five major circles of latitude}}
[[Image:World map with arctic circle.svg|thumb|350px|World map showing the Arctic Circle in red.]]
[[Image:Arctic circle.svg|thumb|350px|Map of the [[Arctic]] with the Arctic Circle in blue.]]
The '''Arctic Circle''' is one of the five major [[circle of latitude|circles of latitude]] that mark maps of the [[Earth]]. For Epoch 2011, it is the parallel of [[latitude]] that runs {{Circle of latitude|Polar|Convert}} north of the [[Equator]].<ref>[http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/ubbthreads.php?ubb=showflat&Number=1157795&site_id=1#import ''Trópico en movimiento'' (in Spanish)]</ref>
The region north of this circle is known as the [[Arctic]], and the zone just to the south is called the [[Temperateness|Northern Temperate Zone]]. The equivalent [[polar circle]] in the [[Southern Hemisphere]] is called the [[Antarctic Circle]].
The Arctic Circle marks the southern extremity of the [[midnight sun|polar day]] (24-hour sunlit day, often referred to as the "midnight sun") and [[polar night]] (24-hour sunless night). North of the Arctic Circle, the [[sun]] is above the [[horizon]] for 24 continuous [[hour]]s at least once per [[year]] and below the horizon for 24 continuous hours at least once per year. On the Arctic Circle those events occur, in principle, exactly once per year, at the June and December [[solstice]]s, respectively.
In fact, because of [[atmospheric refraction]] and because the sun appears as a disk and not a point, part of the midnight sun may be seen on the night of the [[summer solstice|northern summer solstice]] up to about 50[[Minute|′]] ({{convert|90|km|abbr=on}}) south of the Arctic Circle; similarly, on the day of the [[winter solstice|northern winter solstice]], part of the sun may be seen up to about 50′ north of the Arctic Circle. That is true at sea level; those limits increase with elevation above sea level although in mountainous regions, there is often no direct view of the true horizon.
The position of the Arctic Circle is not fixed, but directly depends on the Earth's [[axial tilt]], which fluctuates within a margin of 2° over a 40,000 year period,<ref>[http://www.communique.se/polcirkel/arctic.html Arctic Circle]</ref> notably due to [[tidal force]]s resulting from the [[orbit of the Moon]]. The Arctic Circle is currently drifting northwards at a speed of about {{convert|15|m|abbr=on}} per year, see [[circle of latitude#Movement of the Tropical and Polar circles|''Circle of latitude'']] for more information.
__TOC__<br clear=right>
==Geography==
{{GeoGroupTemplate}}
Relatively few people live north of the Arctic Circle due to the [[Climate of the Arctic|Arctic climate]]. The three largest communities above the Arctic Circle are situated in Russia: [[Murmansk]] (population 325,100), [[Norilsk]] (135,000), and [[Vorkuta]] (85,000). [[Tromsø]] (in Norway) has about 62,000 inhabitants. In contrast, the largest North American community north of the circle, [[Barrow, Alaska]], has approximately 4,000 inhabitants. [[Rovaniemi]] (in Finland), which lies slightly south of the line, has a population of approximately 58,000, and is the largest settlement in the immediate vicinity of the Arctic Circle.
The Arctic Circle passes through the [[Arctic Ocean]], the [[Scandinavian Peninsula]], [[North Asia]], [[Northern America]] and [[Greenland]]. The land on the Arctic Circle is divided among eight countries: [[Norway]], [[Sweden]], [[Finland]], [[Russia]], the [[United States]] (i.e. [[Alaska]]), [[Canada]], [[Denmark]] (i.e. [[Greenland]]), and [[Iceland]] (where it passes through the small offshore island of [[Grímsey]]).
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the Arctic Circle passes through:
{| cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0
|- valign=top
|
{| class="wikitable"
! Width="125" | Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{nowrap|{{Coord|66|34|N|000|00|E|type:waterbody_scale:10000000|name=01 Prime Meridian}} }}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Arctic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Norwegian Sea]]
|-
| {{Coord|66|34|N|012|48|E|type:country_region:NO|name=02 Nordland County, Norway}}
| {{NOR}}
| [[Nordland|Nordland County]]
|-
| {{Coord|66|34|N|015|31|E|type:country_region:SE|name=03 Norrbotten County, Sweden}}
| {{SWE}}
| [[Norrbotten County]]
|-
| {{Coord|66|34|N|023|51|E|type:country_region:FI|name=04 Lapland Province, Finland}}
| {{FIN}}
| [[Lapland (Finland)|Lapland Region]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|66|34|N|029|28|E|type:country_region:RU|name=05 Karelia & Murmansk, Russia}}
| {{RUS}}
| [[Republic of Karelia]]<br/> [[Murmansk Oblast]]<br/> [[Republic of Karelia|Karelia]] again<br/> [[Murmansk Oblast|Murmansk]] again
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|66|34|N|033|25|E|type:waterbody_scale:10000000_region:RU|name=06 Kandalaksha Gulf, White Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[White Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Kandalaksha Gulf]]
|-
| {{Coord|66|34|N|034|28|E|type:country_region:RU|name=07 Murmansk Oblast, Russia}}
| {{RUS}}
| [[Murmansk Oblast]] – for about {{convert|7|km|abbr=on}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|66|34|N|034|38|E|type:waterbody_scale:10000000_region:RU|name=08 Kandalaksha Gulf, White Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[White Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Kandalaksha Gulf]]
|-
| {{Coord|66|34|N|035|00|E|type:country_region:RU|name=09 Murmansk Oblast, Kola Peninsula, Russia}}
| {{RUS}}
| [[Murmansk Oblast]] ([[Kola Peninsula]])
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|66|34|N|040|42|E|type:waterbody_scale:10000000_region:RU|name=10 White Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[White Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|66|34|N|044|23|E|type:country_region:RU|name=11 Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Komi Republic & Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia}}
| {{RUS}}
| [[Nenets Autonomous Okrug]]<br/> [[Komi Republic]]<br/> [[Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|66|34|N|071|05|E|type:waterbody_scale:10000000_region:RU|name=12 Gulf of Ob}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Ob]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|66|34|N|072|27|E|type:country_region:RU|name=13 Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Sakha Republic & Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia}}
| {{RUS}}
| [[Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug]]<br/> [[Krasnoyarsk Krai]]<br/> [[Sakha Republic]]<br/> [[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|66|34|N|171|01|W|type:waterbody_scale:10000000_region:RU|name=14 Chukchi Sea, Arctic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Arctic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Chukchi Sea]]
|-
| {{Coord|66|34|N|164|38|W|type:country_region:US|name=15 Seward Peninsula, Alaska, United States}}
| {{USA}}
| [[Alaska]] ([[Seward Peninsula]])
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|66|34|N|163|44|W|type:waterbody_scale:10000000|name=18 Kotzebue Sound, Arctic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Arctic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Kotzebue Sound]]
|-
| {{Coord|66|34|N|161|56|W|type:country_region:US|name=17 Selawik Lake, Alaska, United States}}
| {{USA}}
| [[Alaska]] – passing through [[Selawik Lake]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|66|34|N|141|00|W|type:country_region:CA|name=18 Yukon, Northwest Territories & Nunavut, Canada}}
| {{CAN}}
| [[Yukon]]<br/> [[Northwest Territories]] – passing through the [[Great Bear Lake]]<br/> [[Nunavut]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|66|34|N|082|59|W|type:waterbody_scale:10000000_region:CA|name=19 Foxe Basin, Hudson Bay}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Hudson Bay]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Foxe Basin]]
|-
| {{Coord|66|34|N|073|25|W|type:country_region:CA|name=20 Nettilling Lake, Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada}}
| {{CAN}}
| [[Nunavut]] ([[Baffin Island]] – passing through [[Nettilling Lake]])
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|66|34|N|061|24|W|type:waterbody_scale:10000000|name=21 Davis Strait, Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Davis Strait]]
|-
| {{Coord|66|34|N|053|16|W|type:country_region:GL|name=22 Greenland}}
| {{GRL}}
|
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|66|34|N|034|09|W|type:waterbody_scale:10000000|name=23 Denmark Strait, Greenland Sea, Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Denmark Strait]]<br/> [[Greenland Sea]]
|-
| {{Coord|66|34|N|018|01|W|type:country_region:IS|name=24 Grímsey, Iceland}}
| {{ISL}}
| Island of [[Grímsey]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|66|34|N|017|59|W|type:waterbody_scale:10000000|name=25 Greenland Sea & Norwegian Sea, Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Greenland Sea]]<br/> [[Norwegian Sea]]
|}
|[[Image:Arctic Circle sign.jpg|thumb|A sign along the [[Dalton Highway]] marking the location of the Arctic Circle in Alaska.]]
[[Image:66 33 arctic circle.jpg|thumb|Arctic Circle line in [[Rovaniemi]], [[Finland]]]]
[[File:Northern lights at the Arctic Circle.jpg|thumb|[[Aurora (astronomy)|Aurora Borealis]] above Arctic Circle sign in [[Yukon]], [[Canada]]]]
[[File:201006 norway polar-circle.JPG|thumb|A sign on the Vikingen island marking the Arctic Circle in Norway]]
[[File:Iceland2008-Grimsey.arctic.circle.JPG |thumb|the Arctic Circle on [[Grimsey]] in Iceland]]
|}
==See also==
{{Portal box|Arctic|Geography of Canada}}
*[[Antarctic Circle]]
*[[Arctic haze]]
*[[Scott Polar Research Institute]]
*[[Territorial claims in the Arctic]]
*[[Tropic of Cancer]]
*[[Tropic of Capricorn]]
*[[Arctic Cooperation and Politics]]
{{Clear}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wiktionary}}
*[http://www.mccord-museum.qc.ca/en/keys/webtours/GE_P3_5_EN.html Terra Incognita: Exploration of the Canadian Arctic]—Historical essay about early expeditions to the Canadian Arctic, illustrated with maps, photographs and drawings
* [http://www.jqjacobs.net/astro/epoch_2000.html#download Temporal Epoch Calculations ©2006 by James Q. Jacobs] Download: Epoch v2009.xls (modify D4)
* [http://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc/models/constants.html Useful constants"] See: Obliquity of the ecliptic
* [http://arcticfocus.com ArcticFocus] Facts and news about Arctic
* {{en}} {{fr}} [http://stagevu.com/channel/126235 Documentaries and films about Arctic and Inuit]
{{Arctic topics}}
{{geographical coordinates}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
[[:Category:Geography of the Arctic]]
[[ar:الدائرة القطبية الشمالية]]
[[br:Kelc'h Arktika]]
[[bg:Северен полярен кръг]]
[[ca:Cercle polar àrtic]]
[[cs:Severní polární kruh]]
[[cy:Cylch yr Arctig]]
[[da:Nordlige polarcirkel]]
[[de:Nordpolarkreis]]
[[et:Põhjapolaarjoon]]
[[el:Αρκτικός Κύκλος]]
[[es:Círculo polar ártico]]
[[eo:Arkta Cirklo]]
[[eu:Zirkulu Polar Artikoa]]
[[fa:مدار قطب شمال]]
[[fr:Cercle arctique]]
[[fy:Noardpoalsirkel]]
[[ga:An Ciorcal Artach]]
[[gv:Cryss yn Arctagh]]
[[gl:Círculo Polar Ártico]]
[[ko:북극권]]
[[is:Norðurheimskautsbaugurinn]]
[[it:Circolo polare artico]]
[[he:החוג הארקטי]]
[[ka:არქტიკული წრე]]
[[kk:Арктика белдеуі]]
[[lv:Ziemeļu polārais loks]]
[[hu:Északi-sarkkör]]
[[nl:Noordpoolcirkel]]
[[ja:北極圏]]
[[oc:Cercle artic]]
[[pl:Koło podbiegunowe]]
[[pt:Círculo Polar Ártico]]
[[ro:Cerc polar arctic]]
[[ru:Северный полярный круг]]
[[sah:Хотугу полюс эргимтэтэ]]
[[simple:Arctic Circle]]
[[sk:Severný polárny kruh]]
[[fi:Napapiiri]]
[[tl:Bilog ng Artiko]]
[[ta:ஆர்க்டிக் வட்டம்]]
[[tr:Kuzey Kutup Dairesi]]
[[uk:Північне полярне коло]]
[[vi:Vòng Bắc Cực]]
[[wa:Ceke polaire artike]]
[[zh:北極圈]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^Tropic of Capricorn^^^^
{{dablink|For the novel by Henry Miller, see [[Tropic of Capricorn (novel)]]. For the BBC TV series, see [[Tropic of Capricorn (BBC TV series)]].}}
{{coord|23|26|16|S|0|0|0|W|display=title|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
[[Image:World map with tropic of capricorn.svg|thumb|350px|World map showing the Tropic of Capricorn]]
[[File:Hito al Tropico de Capricornio (2).jpg|thumb|350px|Monument marking the Tropic of Capricorn just north of [[Antofagasta]], [[Chile]].]]
The '''Tropic of Capricorn''', or '''Southern tropic''', marks the most southerly latitude at which the [[Sun]] can appear directly overhead. This event occurs at the [[December solstice]], when the [[southern hemisphere]] is tilted towards the Sun to its maximum extent.
Tropic of Capricorn is one of the five major [[circle of latitude|circles of latitude]] that mark [[maps]] of the [[Earth]]. It currently (Epoch 2011) lies {{Circle of latitude|Tropical}} south of the [[Equator]].<ref>[http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/ubbthreads.php?ubb=showflat&Number=1157795&site_id=1#import ''Trópico en movimiento'' (in Spanish)]</ref>
It is currently drifting north at the rate of almost half a second (0.47″) of latitude, which is about 15 metres, per year (it was at exactly 23º 27' S in year 1917).<ref>[http://www.homepage.montana.edu/~geol445/hyperglac/time1/milankov.htm Montana State University: Milankovitch Cycles & Glaciation]</ref>
==Geography==
{{kml}}
The [[northern hemisphere]] equivalent of the Tropic of Capricorn is the [[Tropic of Cancer]]. Latitudes south of the Tropic of Capricorn are in the [[temperate|Southern Temperate Zone]]. The region north of the Tropic of Capricorn and south of the Tropic of Cancer is known as the [[tropics]].
The position of the Tropic of Capricorn is not fixed, but rather it varies in a complex manner over time; see under [[circle of latitude#Movement of the Tropical and Polar circles|circles of latitude]] for information.[[File:Tropic of Capricorn Longreach.jpg|thumb|left|Longreach, Queensland, Australia.]]
{{-}}
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the Tropic of Capricorn passes through:
:{| class="wikitable"
! Co-ordinates
! Country, territory or sea
! Notes
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|23|26|S|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|23|26|S|14|27|E|type:country|name=Namibia}}
| {{NAM}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|23|26|S|20|0|E|type:country|name=Botswana}}
| {{BWA}}
| [[Kgalagadi District]], [[Kweneng District]] and [[Central District (Botswana)|Central District]]
|-
| {{Coord|23|26|S|27|18|E|type:country|name=South Africa}}
| {{ZAF}}
| [[Limpopo Province]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|23|26|S|31|33|E|type:country|name=Mozambique}}
| {{MOZ}}
| [[Gaza Province|Gaza]] and [[Inhambane Province|Inhambane]] provinces
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|23|26|S|35|26|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Mozambique Channel]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|23|26|S|43|45|E|type:country|name=Madagascar}}
| {{MDG}}
| [[Toliara Province|Toliara]] and [[Fianarantsoa Province|Fianarantsoa]] provinces
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|23|26|S|47|39|E|type:waterbody|name=Indian Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Indian Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|23|26|S|113|47|E|type:country|name=Australia}}
| {{AUS}}
| [[Western Australia]], [[Northern Territory]] and [[Queensland]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|23|26|S|151|3|E|type:waterbody|name=Coral Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Coral Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of Cato Reef in {{AUS}}'s [[Coral Sea Islands|Coral Sea Islands Territory]]
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|23|26|S|166|46|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of the [[Minerva Reefs]] ({{TGA}}), and just south of [[Tubuai (Austral Islands)|Tubuai]] ({{PYF}})
|-
| {{Coord|23|26|S|70|36|W|type:country|name=Chile}}
| {{CHL}}
| [[Antofagasta Region]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|23|26|S|67|07|W|type:country|name=Argentina}}
| {{ARG}}
| [[Jujuy Province|Jujuy]], [[Salta Province|Salta]], [[Jujuy Province|Jujuy]] (again) and [[Formosa Province|Formosa]] provinces
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|23|26|S|61|23|W|type:country|name=Paraguay}}
| {{PRY}}
| [[Boquerón Department|Boquerón]], [[Presidente Hayes Department|Presidente Hayes]], [[Concepción Department (Paraguay)|Concepción]], [[San Pedro Department, Paraguay|San Pedro]] and [[Amambay]] departments
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|23|26|S|55|38|W|type:country|name=Brazil}}
| {{BRA}}
| [[Mato Grosso do Sul]], [[Paraná (state)|Paraná]], and [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] states
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|23|26|S|45|2|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
|}
==Places located along the Tropic of Capricorn==
The following cities and landmarks are either located near the Tropic of Capricorn, or the tropic passes through them.
{{Expand list|type=geography|date=February 2011}}
{{Multicol-start}}
;Argentina
* [[Andes Mountains]]
* The [[Pampas]]
* [[San Salvador de Jujuy]]
;Australia
* [[Paraburdoo, Western Australia|Paraburdoo]], Western Australia
* [[Newman, Western Australia|Newman]], Western Australia
* [[Lake Disappointment]], [[Western Australia]]
* [[Gibson Desert]], [[Western Australia]]
* [[Alice Springs, Northern Territory|Alice Springs]], [[Northern Territory]]
* [[Longreach]], [[Queensland]]
* [[Great Dividing Range]], [[Queensland]]
* [[Emerald, Queensland|Emerald]], [[Queensland]]
* [[Gracemere]], [[Queensland]]
* [[Rockhampton, Queensland|Rockhampton]], [[Queensland]]
* [[Haast Bluff]], [[Northern Territory]]
;Botswana
* [[Kalahari Desert]]
* [[Khutse Game Reserve]]
* [[Kule]]
* [[Mahalapye]]
{{Multicol-break}}
;Brazil
* [[Itaquaquecetuba]]
* [[Mogi das Cruzes]]
* [[Maringá]]
* [[São Paulo-Guarulhos International Airport]]
* [[São Paulo]]
* [[Sorocaba]]
* [[Taguaí]]
* [[Ubatuba]]
;Chile
* [[Atacama Desert]]
* [[Andes Mountains]]
* [[Antofagasta]]
;Madagascar
* [[Toliara]]
;Mozambique
* [[Inhambane]] city
* [[Morrumbene]]
* [[Massinga]]
{{Multicol-break}}
;Namibia
* [[Walvis Bay]]
* [[Rehoboth]]
* [[Kalahari Desert]]
* [[Namib Desert]]
* [[Luderitz]]
;Paraguay
* [[Concepción, Paraguay|Concepción]]
;South Africa
* [[Kruger National Park]]
* [[Polokwane]]
* [[Capricorn District Municipality]]
* Capricorn Archdeaconry in the [[Anglican Diocese of St Mark the Evangelist]]
{{Multicol-end}}
<center>
<gallery>
File:Tropic of Capricorn Jujuy.JPG|The Tropic of Capricorn marked in [[Jujuy Province]] in northern [[Argentina]]
File: Botswana Tropic of Capricorn Sign.JPG|Monument marking the Tropic of Capricorn as it passes through [[Botswana]]
File:Tropic of Capricorn (Namibia).jpg|A sign marking the Tropic of Capricorn as it passes through [[Namibia]]
File:Trópico de Capricórnio.JPG|Roadway plaque marking the Tropic of Capricorn in the city of [[Santana do Parnaíba]], [[Brazil]], at the correct latitude for year 1917.
File:tocrockhampton.jpg|Roadside monument marking Tropic of Capricorn in Rockhampton, [[Queensland]], [[Australia]], 28 January 2005
File:Tropic-of-Capricorn_Rockhampton.jpg|Monument marking Tropic of Capricorn in Rockhampton, [[Queensland]], [[Australia]], 1970
File:Tropic of capricorn Australia.jpg|Road sign marking Tropic of Capricorn in [[Western Australia]], [[Australia]], 26 August 2008
File:tropic-capri-australia2.jpg|Monument marking the Tropic of Capricorn just north of [[Alice Springs]], [[Australia]]
</gallery>
</center>
==List of countries entirely south of the Tropic of Capricorn==
As the major portion of earth's land is located in the [[Northern Hemisphere]] there are only four countries entirely south of the Tropic of Capricorn:
* {{flag|Uruguay}}
* {{flag|Lesotho}}
* {{flag|Swaziland}}
* {{flag|New Zealand}}<ref>The [[Cook islands]], [[Tokelau]] and [[Niue]], which are part of the [[Realm of New Zealand]] lie above the Tropic of Capricorn.</ref>
==Name==
The Tropic of Capricorn is so named because about 2,000 years ago the sun was entering the [[constellation]] [[Capricornus]] (''capricorn'' is [[Latin]] for ''goat horn'') at the [[December solstice]]. In modern times the sun appears in the constellation [[Sagittarius (constellation)|Sagittarius]] during this time. The change is due to [[precession of the equinoxes]]. The word "tropic" itself comes from the Greek ''tropos'', meaning ''turn'', referring to the fact that the sun appears to "turn back" at the solstices.
==Cultural significance==
In India, the day of Sun entering the zodiacal belt Capricorn is celebrated as [[Makara Sankranti]] festival. Tropic of Capricorn is called Makara Vrutta in Indian languages. It should be noted here that the Indian astronomical calendar is not based on the Western sidereal system but has a differential lag. Hence, the festival is celebrated on either of 14th Jan or 15th Jan every year, when, as per the Indian astronomical calendar, the Sun enters the Capricorn sign.
==See also==
*[[23rd parallel south]]
*[[24th parallel south]]
*[[Tropic of Cancer]]
*[[Arctic Circle]]
*[[Antarctic Circle]]
*[[Axial tilt#Values|Axial tilt]]
*[[Equator]]
*[[Milankovitch cycles]]
==External links==
{{wiktionary}}
* [http://www.jqjacobs.net/astro/epoch_2000.html Temporal Epoch Calculations]
* [http://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc/models/constants.html Useful constants"] See: Obliquity of the ecliptic
==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tropic Of Capricorn}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
[[:Category:Tropics]]
[[ar:مدار الجدي]]
[[bo:ལྷོའི་ལྡོག་ཐིག]]
[[bg:Тропик на Козирога]]
[[ca:Tròpic de Capricorn]]
[[cs:Obratník Kozoroha]]
[[cy:Trofan yr Afr]]
[[de:Wendekreis (Breitenkreis)#Südlicher Wendekreis]]
[[et:Kaljukitse pöörijoon]]
[[el:Τροπικός του Αιγόκερω]]
[[es:Trópico de Capricornio]]
[[eo:Tropiko de Kaprikorno]]
[[eu:Kaprikornioko Tropikoa]]
[[fa:رأسالجدی]]
[[fr:Tropique du Capricorne]]
[[gl:Trópico de Capricornio]]
[[ko:남회귀선]]
[[hi:मकर रेखा]]
[[hr:Jarčeva obratnica]]
[[id:Garis balik selatan]]
[[it:Tropico del Capricorno]]
[[he:חוג הגדי]]
[[ka:სამხრეთი ტროპიკი]]
[[ku:Kelûya Karê]]
[[la:Capricorni tropicus]]
[[lv:Dienvidu tropu loks]]
[[lt:Ožiaragio atogrąža]]
[[hu:Baktérítő]]
[[mr:मकरवृत्त]]
[[ms:Garisan Jadi]]
[[my:တောင်ယဉ်စွန်းတန်း]]
[[nl:Steenbokskeerkring]]
[[ja:南回帰線]]
[[no:Stenbukkens vendekrets]]
[[nn:Steinbukken sin vendekrins]]
[[oc:Tropic del Capricòrne]]
[[pl:Zwrotnik (geografia)]]
[[pt:Trópico de Capricórnio]]
[[ro:Tropicul Capricornului]]
[[ru:Южный тропик]]
[[simple:Tropic of Capricorn]]
[[sk:Obratník Kozorožca]]
[[sl:Kozorogov povratnik]]
[[sr:Јужни повратник]]
[[fi:Kauriin kääntöpiiri]]
[[sv:Stenbockens vändkrets]]
[[tl:Tropiko ng Kaprikorn]]
[[te:మకర రేఖ]]
[[tr:Oğlak Dönencesi]]
[[uk:Тропік Козерога]]
[[vi:Chí tuyến Nam]]
[[zh:南回归线]]
@@@
@@@
^^^^Mason–Dixon Line^^^^
{{Other uses|Mason Dixon (disambiguation){{!}}Mason Dixon}}
[[Image:Mason-dixon-line.gif|thumb|The original Mason-Dixon Line]]
The '''Mason–Dixon Line''' (or '''Mason and Dixon's Line''') was surveyed between 1763 and 1767 by [[Charles Mason]] and [[Jeremiah Dixon]] in the resolution of a border dispute between [[British colonies]] in [[Colonial America]]. It forms a [[demarcation line]] among four [[U.S. state]]s, forming part of the borders of [[Pennsylvania]], [[Maryland]], [[Delaware]], and [[West Virginia]] (then part of [[Virginia]]). In popular usage, especially since the [[Missouri Compromise]] of 1820 (apparently the first official use of the term "Mason's and Dixon's Line"), the Mason–Dixon Line symbolizes a cultural boundary between the [[Northeastern United States]] and the [[Southern United States]] ([[Dixie]]) and legality of slavery as a result, although the [[Parallel 36°30′ north|Missouri Compromise Line]] had much more definitive geographic connection to slavery in the [[History of the United States (1849–1865)|United States leading up to the Civil War]].<ref name=ColoradoTerritory>{{cite web |url=http://www.colorado.gov/dpa/doit/archives/territory.pdf |title=An Act to provide a temporary Government for the Territory of Colorado |format=[[PDF]] |publisher=[[Thirty-sixth United States Congress]] |date=1861-02-28 |accessdate=2007-02-22}}</ref>
==Background==
[[History_of_Maryland#Colonial_Maryland|Maryland's charter]] granted the land north of the entire length of the [[Potomac River]] up to the [[40th parallel north|40th parallel]]. A problem arose when [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] granted a [[History_of_Pennsylvania#British_colonial_period|charter for Pennsylvania]]. The grant defined Pennsylvania's southern border as identical to Maryland's northern border, the 40th parallel. But the terms of the grant clearly indicate that Charles II and [[William Penn]] assumed the 40th parallel would intersect the [[Twelve-Mile Circle]] around [[New Castle, Delaware]] when in fact it falls north of [[Philadelphia]], the site of which Penn had already selected for his colony's capital city. Negotiations ensued after the problem was discovered in 1681. A compromise proposed by Charles II in 1682, which might have resolved the issue, was undermined by Penn receiving the additional grant of the 'Three Lower Counties' along [[Delaware Bay]], which later became the [[Delaware Colony]], a satellite of Pennsylvania. These lands had been part of Maryland's original grant.<ref name=hubbard>{{cite book |last= Hubbard |first= Bill, Jr. |title= American Boundaries: the Nation, the States, the Rectangular Survey |year= 2009 |publisher= University of Chicago Press |isbn= 978-0-226-35591-7 |pages= 20–23}}</ref>
In 1732 the proprietary governor of Maryland, [[Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore]], signed a provisional agreement with [[William Penn]]'s sons, which drew a line somewhere in between and renounced the Calvert claim to Delaware. But later, Lord Baltimore claimed that the document he had signed did not contain the terms he had agreed to, and refused to put the agreement into effect. Beginning in the mid-1730s, violence erupted between settlers claiming various loyalties to Maryland and Pennsylvania. The border conflict would be known as [[Cresap's War]].
The issue remained unresolved until the Crown intervened in 1760, ordering [[Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore]] to accept the 1732 agreement. Maryland's border with Delaware was to be based on the [[Transpeninsular Line]] and the Twelve-Mile Circle around New Castle. The Pennsylvania-Maryland border was defined as the line of latitude 15 miles south of the southernmost house in Philadelphia.<ref name=hubbard/>
As part of the settlement, the Penns and Calverts commissioned the English team of [[Charles Mason]] and [[Jeremiah Dixon]] to [[surveying|survey]] the newly established boundaries between the [[Province of Pennsylvania]], the [[Province of Maryland]], [[Delaware Colony]], and parts of [[Virginia Colony|Colony and Old Dominion of Virginia]].
After Pennsylvania abolished [[Slavery in the United States|slavery]] in 1781, the western part of this line and the [[Ohio River]] became a border between [[slave and free states]], although Delaware retained slavery until the [[Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Thirteenth Amendment]] was ratified in 1865.
==Geography of the line==
[[Image:Delaware-wedge.svg|thumb|upright=1.4|Diagram of the survey lines creating the Mason-Dixon Line and "[[Wedge (border)|The Wedge]]"]]
Mason and Dixon's actual survey line began to the south of [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], and extended from a [[Benchmark (surveying)|benchmark]] east to the [[Delaware River]] and west to what was then the boundary with western Virginia.
The surveyors also fixed the boundary between Delaware and Pennsylvania and the approximately north–south portion of the boundary between Delaware and Maryland. Most of the Delaware–Pennsylvania boundary is an [[Twelve-Mile Circle|arc]], and the Delaware–Maryland boundary does not run truly north-south because it was intended to bisect the [[Delmarva Peninsula]] rather than follow a meridian.
The Maryland–Pennsylvania boundary is an east-west line with an approximate mean [[latitude]] of 39°43′20″ N ([[datum (geodesy)|Datum]] [[WGS 84]]). In reality, the east-west Mason-Dixon line is not a true line in the geometric sense, but is instead a series of many adjoining lines, following a path between latitude 39°43′15″ N and 39°43′23″ N.
[[Image:Marycolony.png|thumb|upright=1.4]]
The surveyors also extended the boundary line to run between Pennsylvania and colonial western Virginia (which became West Virginia during the American Civil War, on June 20, 1863), though this was contrary to their original charter; this extension of the line was only confirmed later (see [[Yohogania County]] for details).
The Mason–Dixon Line was marked by stones every mile and "crownstones" every five miles, using stone shipped from England. The Maryland side says (M) and the Delaware and Pennsylvania sides say (P). Crownstones include the two coats-of-arms. Today, while a number of the original stones are missing or buried, many are still visible, resting on public land and protected by iron cages.
Mason and Dixon confirmed earlier survey work which delineated Delaware's southern boundary from the Atlantic Ocean to the ”Middle Point” stone (along what is today known as the Transpeninsular Line). They proceeded nearly due north from this to the Pennsylvania border.
Later the line was marked in places by additional benchmarks and survey markers. The lines have been resurveyed several times over the centuries without substantive changes to Mason and Dixon's work. The stones may be a few to a few hundred feet east or west of the point Mason and Dixon thought they were; in any event, the line drawn from stone to stone forms the legal boundary.
According to Dave Doyle at the [[U.S. National Geodetic Survey|National Geodetic Survey]], part of the [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]], the common corner of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware, at [[Wedge (border)|The Wedge]] is marked by Boundary Monument #87. The marker ”MDP Corner” dates from 1935 and is offset on purpose.
Doyle said the Maryland–Pennsylvania Mason–Dixon Line is exactly:
: 39°43′19.92216″ N
and Boundary Monument #87 is on that parallel, at:
: 075°47′18.93851″ W.
Visitors to the tripoint are strongly encouraged to first obtain permission from the nearest landowner, or use the path from the arc corner monument which is bordered by Delaware parkland most of the way, and Pennsylvania parkland the entire way.
==History==
[[Image:Masondixonmarker.jpg|thumb|200px|A "crownstone" boundary monument on the Mason-Dixon Line. These markers were originally placed at every 5th mile along the line, oriented with family coats of arms facing the state that they represented. The coat of arms of Maryland's founding [[Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore|Calvert]] family is shown. On the other side are the arms of [[William Penn]].]]
The line was established to end a boundary dispute between the British colonies of Maryland and Pennsylvania/Delaware. Maryland had been granted the territory north of the Potomac River up to the fortieth parallel. Pennsylvania's grant defined the colony's southern boundary as following Twelve Mile Circle counter-clockwise from the Delaware River until it hit "the beginning of the fortieth degree of Northern latitude." From there the boundary was to follow the 40th parallel due west for five degrees of longitude. But the 40th parallel does not in fact intersect the Twelve Mile Circle, instead lying significantly farther north. Thus the Pennsylvania's southern boundary as defined in its charter was contradictory and unclear. The most serious problem was that the Maryland claim would put [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]], which became the major city in Pennsylvania, within Maryland.<ref name=hubbard/>
Appointed as Secretary of the Boundary Commission in 1750, [[Benjamin Chew|Benjamin Chew, Esq.]] represented the [[William Penn|Penn]] family for the following seventeen years in their boundary dispute with first [[Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore]] and then his son [[Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore]] of Maryland until it was peacefully resolved in 1767.<ref>Konkle, Burton Alva. (1932). ''Benjamin Chew 1722-1810: Head of the Pennsylvania judiciary system under colony and commonwealth''. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 63-4.</ref> The boundary was fixed as follows:{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}}
* Between Pennsylvania and Maryland:
** The parallel (latitude line) {{convert|15|mi|km|0}} south of the southernmost point in Philadelphia, measured to be at about 39°43′ N and agreed upon as the Maryland–Pennsylvania line.
* Between Delaware and Maryland:
** The existing east-west Transpeninsular Line from the [[Atlantic Ocean]] to the [[Chesapeake Bay]], as far as its mid-point from the Atlantic.
** A [[The Twelve-Mile Circle|Twelve Mile (radius) Circle]] ({{convert|12|mi|km|0|abbr=on}}) around the city of New Castle, Delaware.
** A "Tangent Line" connecting the mid-point of the Transpeninsular Line to the western side of the Twelve-Mile Circle.
** A "North Line" along the meridian (line of longitude) from the tangent point to the Maryland Pennsylvania border.
** Should any land within the Twelve-Mile Circle fall west of the North Line, it would remain part of Delaware. (This was indeed the case, and this border is the "Arc Line".)
The disputants engaged an expert British team, astronomer Charles Mason and surveyor Jeremiah Dixon, to survey what became known as the Mason–Dixon Line. It cost the Calverts of Maryland and the Penns of Pennsylvania £3,512/9 s to have {{convert|244|mi|km|0}} surveyed with such accuracy. To them the money was well spent, for in a new country there was no other way of establishing ownership.<ref>{{Cite document
|last=Linklater
|first=Andro
|title=Measuring America
|publisher=Penguin
|date=September 30, 2003
|page=33
|isbn=9780452284593
|postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite document
|url=http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1964/2/1964_2_22.shtml
|title=Mason & Dixon: their Line and its Legend
|last1=Mason
|first1=A. Hughlett
|last2= Swindler
|first2= William F.
|publisher=American Heritage
|date=February 1964
|volume=15, Issue 2
|accessdate=2008-11-08
|postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}
}}</ref>
The Mason-Dixon line is made up of four segments corresponding to the terms of the settlement:
*Tangent Line
*North Line
*Arc Line
*the 39°43′ N parallel
The most difficult task was fixing the Tangent Line, as they had to confirm the accuracy of the Transpeninsular Line mid-point and the Twelve-Mile Circle, determine the tangent point along the circle, and then actually survey and monument the border. They then surveyed the North and Arc Lines. They did this work between 1763 and 1767. This actually left a small [[Wedge (border)|wedge of land]] in dispute between Delaware and Pennsylvania until 1921.{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}}
In April 1765, Mason and Dixon began their survey of the more famous Maryland-Pennsylvania line. They were commissioned to run it for a distance of five degrees of longitude west from the Delaware River, fixing the western boundary of Pennsylvania (see the entry for [[Yohogania County]]). However, in October 1767, at [[Dunkard Creek]] near [[Mount Morris, Pennsylvania]], nearly {{convert|244|mi|km|0}} west of the Delaware, a group of [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] forced them to quit their progress.{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}}
In 1784, surveyors [[David Rittenhouse]] and [[Andrew Ellicott]] and their crew completed the survey of the Mason-Dixon line to the southwest corner of Pennsylvania, five degrees from the Delaware River.<ref name=ellicott>Four surveyors were appointed by each of the states: Virginia appointed [[James Madison (bishop)|Dr. James Madison]], Robert Andrews, [[John Page (Virginia politician)|John Page]], and [[Andrew Ellicott]], Pennsylvania appointed Dr. John Ewing (provost of University of Penn.), John Lukens (surveyor general of Penn.), [[Thomas Hutchins]], and [[David Rittenhouse]]. Andrews and Ellicott completed the west end of the line for Virginia, ({{cite book |last1=Mathews |first1=Catherine Van Courtlandt |authorlink1= |editor1-first= |editor1-last= |title=Andrew Ellicott, His Life and Letters |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=rpMNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA17 |year=1908 |publisher=The Grafton Press |location=New York |pages=17–19 }}) while Hutchins and Ewing did so for Pennsylvania. ({{cite book|last1=Hicks|first1=Fredrick|editor1-first=Fredrick |editor1-last=Hicks |title=A Topographical Description of Virginia, Pennsylvania, Maryland and North Carolina, reprinted from the original edition of 1778 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=irTRAAAAMAAJ |year=1904|publisher=The Burrow Brothers Company |location=Cleveland |page=32 |chapter=Biographical Sketch of Thomas Hutchins}})</ref> Other surveyors continued west to the Ohio River. The section of the line between the southwestern corner of Pennsylvania and the river is the county line between [[Marshall County, West Virginia|Marshall]] and [[Wetzel County, West Virginia|Wetzel]] counties, West Virginia.{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}}
The boundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland was resurveyed in 1849, then again in 1900.{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}}
On 14 November 1963, during the bicentennial of the Mason–Dixon Line, U.S. President [[John F. Kennedy]] opened a newly completed section of [[Interstate 95]] where it crossed the Maryland-Delaware border. It was one of his last public appearances before the one in [[Dallas, Texas]], where [[John F. Kennedy assassination|he was assassinated]]. The [[Delaware Turnpike]] and the [[John F. Kennedy Memorial Highway (Maryland)|Maryland portion]] of the new road were later designated as the John F. Kennedy Memorial Highway.
==Systematic errors and experiments to weigh the earth==
{{cleanup|section|date=November 2010}}
Mason and Dixon could only do the work as accurately as they did due to the work of [[Nevil Maskelyne]], some of whose instruments they used.<ref name="davies">{{Cite journal|last=Davies|first=R.D|title=A Commemoration of Maskelyne at Schiehallion|journal=[[Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society]]|volume=26|issue=3|pages=289–294|bibcode=1985QJRAS..26..289D}}</ref> There was keen interest in their work and much communication between the surveyors, Maskelyne and other members of the British Scientific establishment in the [[Royal Society]] in England, notably [[Henry Cavendish]].<ref name="journal">Note the comments on Cavendish's speculation in the introductory notes, and the multiple correspondences with Maskelyne in: {{Cite web|last=Mason|first=Charles|authorlink=Charles Mason|coauthors=[[Jeremiah Dixon|Dixon, Jeremiah]]|title=The Journal of Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon 1763–1768|url=http://www.mdlpp.org/pdf/library/JournalofMasonandDixon.pdf|format=pdf|accessdate=2011-01-05}}</ref><ref name="maskelyne_fellowship">[[Nevil Maskelyne]] was elected a [[List of Fellows of the Royal Society|Royal Society Fellow]] on April 27, 1758; see {{Cite journal|url=http://royalsociety.org/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=4294972811|format=pdf|publisher=[[Royal Society]]|title=List of Fellows of the Royal Society 1660–2007|volume=K–Z|page=238|year=2007|accessdate=2011-01-05}}</ref><ref name="cavendish_fellowship">[[Henry Cavendish]] was elected a [[List of Fellows of the Royal Society|Royal Society Fellow]] on May 1, 1760; see {{Cite journal|url=http://royalsociety.org/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=4294972811|format=pdf|publisher=[[Royal Society]]|title=List of Fellows of the Royal Society 1660–2007|volume=A–J|page=66|year=2007|accessdate=2011-01-05}}</ref>
During such survey work it is normal to survey from point to point along the line and then survey back to the starting point which with no errors would coincide.<ref name="natres">{{Cite web|title=Specifications and Recommendations for Control Surveys and Survey Markers|url=http://www.geod.nrcan.gc.ca/publications/specs/index_e.php#ExpectedAccuracy|publisher=[[Natural Resources Canada]]|page=TABLE E-VI POSITION DIFFERENCES|quote=Double run in straight line by helicopter between control spaced at 80 km.|date=2007-12-27|accessdate=2011-01-06}}</ref> Normally the return errors would be random - i.e. the return survey errors compared to the intermediate points back to the start point would be spacially randomly distributed around the start point.<ref name="taylor">{{cite book|title=An Introduction to Error Analysis: The Study of Uncertainties in Physical Measurements|last=Taylor|first=John Robert|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=giFQcZub80oC&pg=PA94|page=94, §4.1 |isbn=093570275X|year=1999|publisher=University Science Books|accessdate=2011-01-05}}</ref> Mason and Dixon found that there were larger than expected [[systematic error]]s, that is non [[random error|random]], that led the return survey consistently in one direction away from the starting point.<ref name="mentzer">{{Cite web|last=Mentzer|first=Robert|title=How Mason and Dixon Ran Their Line|url=http://www.mdlpp.org/pdf/library/HowMasonandDixonRanTheirLine.pdf|format=pdf|accessdate=2011-01-05}}</ref> When this information got back to the Royal Society members, Henry Cavendish realised that this may have been due to the gravitational pull of the [[Allegheny Mountains]] deflecting the [[theodolite]] [[plumb-bob]]s and [[spirit level]]s.<ref name="journal"/><ref name="schaffer">{{Cite interview|last=Schaffer|first=Simon|subjectlink=Simon Schaffer|date=Thursday 20 May 2010, 21:30|program=[[BBC Radio 4]]|title=The Cavendish Family in Science}}</ref><ref name="tretkoff"/> Maskelyne proposed measuring the gravitational force deflection induced by the pull of a nearby mountain upon a plumb-bob in 1772 and sent Mason (who had returned to England) on a site survey through central England and Scotland to find a suitable location during the summer of 1773.<ref name="maskelyne">{{Cite journal
| last = Maskelyne
| first = Nevil
| authorlink = Nevil Maskelyne
| title = An account of observations made on the mountain Schehallien for finding its attraction
| journal = [[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London]]
| location = [[London]]
| date = January 1, 1775
| volume = 65
| issue = 0
| pages = 500–542
| doi = 10.1098/rstl.1775.0050
| url = http://rstl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/65/500.full.pdf+html?sid=2f665920-c744-467a-ae23-7f25d0281491
| quote = Accordingly Mr. [[Charles Mason]], who had been employed on several astronomical occasions by the [[Royal Society]], was appointed to make a tour through the Highlands of Scotland in the summer of the year 1773, taking notice of the principal hills in England which lay in his route either in his going or in his return.
| accessdate = 2011-01-05
}}</ref><ref name="sillitto">{{Cite web
| last = Sillitto
| first = Richard M.
| title = Maskelyne on Schiehallion
| url = http://www.sillittopages.co.uk/schie/schie90.html
| date = 31 October 1990
| quote = The Royal Society agreed to a proposal that it despatch a surveyor, a Mr [[Charles Mason]] whom they had previously employed on astronomical projects, all the way to Scotland and back, to survey likely-looking mountains, and to select a suitable mountain - ideally it should be a steep-sided cone, or a wedge with its apex ridge running W - E and with steep faces to N and S, and separated from the nearest neighbours to N and S by low land. Mr Mason selected for them a mountain at "the centre of Scotland", [[Schiehallion]] - a wedge, with the summit ridge running nearly W - E, 3547 ft above sea level at its western summit, about 3000 ft at the E-end of the ridge; it presents steep faces to the trench to the N which contains Loch Rannoch and Loch Tummel, and to the deep Gleann Mor to the S. [An approximate altitude for Gleann Mor is 1500 feet, and for the land at the same distance to the north of the ridge is 1600 ft.]
| location = [[The Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgow]]
| accessdate = 2011-01-03
}}</ref><ref name="stanley">{{Cite book | last = Mackenzie | first = A. Stanley | year = 1900
| title = The Laws of Gravitation: Memoirs by Newton, Bouguer and Cavendish; together with abstracts of other important memoirs
| page = 53
| chapter = Account of Maskelyne's experiments on Schehallien
| location = New York
| publisher = American Book Company
| accessdate = 2011-01-03
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=O58mAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA59
| quote = In 1772...The proposal was favourably received by the [[Royal Society|Society]], and Mr. [[Charles Mason]] was sent to examine various hills in England and Scotland, and to select the most suitable (32). Mason found the two hills referred to by [[Nevil Maskelyne|Maskelyne]] were not suitable; and fixed upon [[Schiehallion|Schehallien]] in Perthshire as offering the best situation.}}</ref> Mason selected [[Schiehallion]] at which to conduct what became known as the [[Schiehallion experiment]] which was carried out primarily by Maskelyne and determined the density of the Scottish mountain.<ref name="davies"/><ref name="sillitto"/><ref name="stanley"/> Several years later Cavendish used a very sensitive [[torsion balance]] to carry out the [[Cavendish experiment]] and determine the density of the Earth.<ref name="tretkoff">{{Cite web|url=http://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/200806/physicshistory.cfm|title=This Month in Physics History June 1798: Cavendish weighs the world|last=Tretkoff|first=Ernie|publisher=[[American Physical Society]]|accessdate=2011-01-03}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Star Gazers' Stone]]
*[[Mason and Dixon Survey Terminal Point]]
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
==Further reading==
* Danson, Edwin. ''Drawing the Line: How Mason and Dixon Surveyed the Most Famous Border in America''. Wiley. ISBN 0-471-38502-6.
* Ecenbarger, Bill. ''Walkin' the Line: A Journey from Past to Present Along the Mason-Dixon ''. M. Evans. ISBN 978-0-87131-962-3.
==External links==
*[http://www.mdlpp.org The Mason and Dixon Line Preservation Partnership] Collection of historical articles and pictures
*[http://collection1.libraries.psu.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/digitalbks2&CISOPTR=11034&REC=13 The Evolution of the Mason and Dixon Line] Facsimile copy of this 1902 text available on-line at Penn State's Digital Bookshelf
{{Coord|39|43|0|N|75|47|0|W|type:landmark_region:US_source:nlwiki|display=title}}
[[:Category:Borders of Delaware]]
[[:Category:Geography of Caroline County, Maryland]]
[[:Category:Delaware in the American Civil War]]
[[:Category:Geographic history of the United States]]
[[:Category:Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks]]
[[:Category:Pre-state history of Maryland]]
[[:Category:Pre-state history of Pennsylvania]]
[[:Category:Slavery in the United States]]
[[:Category:History of United States expansionism]]
[[:Category:Pre-state history of Virginia]]
[[:Category:Pre-state history of West Virginia]]
[[:Category:Land surveying of the United States]]
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
[[:Category:Maryland in the American Civil War]]
[[:Category:Pennsylvania in the American Civil War]]
[[:Category:History of the Southern United States]]
[[:Category:Borders of Maryland]]
[[:Category:Borders of Pennsylvania]]
[[:Category:Borders of West Virginia]]
[[:Category:Legal history of Maryland]]
{{Link GA|pl}}
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[[eu:Mason-Dixon lerroa]]
[[fr:Ligne Mason-Dixon]]
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[[ja:メイソン・ディクソン線]]
[[no:Mason-Dixon-linjen]]
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@@@
@@@
^^^^45th parallel north^^^^
{{Location map-line|lat=45}}{{kml}}
The '''45th parallel north''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 45 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[true north|north]] of the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[equator|equatorial plane]]. It crosses [[Europe]], [[Asia]], the [[Pacific Ocean]], [[North America]], and the [[Atlantic Ocean]].
The 45th parallel north is often called the halfway point between the [[Equator]] and the [[North Pole]], but the true halfway point is actually {{convert|16.2|km|mi}} north of the 45th parallel because the [[Earth]] is [[oblate spheroid|oblate]], that is, it bulges at the equator and is flattened at the poles.<ref>http://web.archive.org/web/20060502045609/http://www.go.ednet.ns.ca/~mag/files/midway.htm</ref>
At this latitude the [[sun]] is visible for 15 hours, 37 minutes during the [[summer solstice]] and 8 hours, 46 minutes during the [[winter solstice]].<ref>http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/Dur_OneYear.php</ref>
==Geography==
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 45° north passes through:
:{| class="wikitable" style="width: 67%;"
! width="125" | Co-ordinates
! Country, territory<br/>or sea
! Notes
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|45|0|N|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
| {{FRA}}
| [[Aquitaine]]<br/
> [[Midi-Pyrénées]]<br/
> [[Limousin (region)|Limousin]]<br/
> [[Auvergne (region)|Auvergne]]<br/
> [[Rhône-Alpes]] - passing just south of [[Grenoble]]<br/
> [[Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|45|0|N|6|44|E|type:country|name=Italy}}
| {{ITA}}
| [[Piedmont]] - passing just south of [[Turin]]<br/
> [[Lombardy]]<br/
> [[Emilia-Romagna]] - passing just south of [[Piacenza]]<br/
> [[Lombardy]]<br/
> [[Veneto]] - passing just south of [[Rovigo]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|45|0|N|12|27|E|type:waterbody|name=Adriatic Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Adriatic Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Venice]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|45|0|N|13|44|E|type:country|name=Croatia}}
| {{HRV}}
| [[Istria|Istrian Peninsula]], islands of [[Cres]] and [[Krk]], and the mainland again
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|15|46|E|type:country|name=Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
| {{BIH}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|18|44|E|type:country|name=Croatia}}
| {{HRV}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|19|6|E|type:country|name=Serbia}}
| {{SRB}}
| Passing just north of [[Belgrade]]
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|21|24|E|type:country|name=Romania}}
| {{ROU}}
| Passing just north of [[Ploieşti]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|45|0|N|29|39|E|type:waterbody|name=Black Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Black Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|45|0|N|33|36|E|type:country|name=Ukraine}}
| {{UKR}}
| [[Crimea]] - passing just north of [[Simferopol]], and just south of [[Feodosiya]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|45|0|N|35|24|E|type:waterbody|name=Black Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Black Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|37|13|E|type:country|name=Russia}}
| {{RUS}}
| Passing just south of [[Krasnodar]], and just south of [[Stavropol]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|45|0|N|47|15|E|type:waterbody|name=Caspian Sea}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Caspian Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|51|4|E|type:country|name=Kazakhstan}}
| {{KAZ}}
| [[Mangystau Province]]
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|56|0|E|type:country|name=Uzbekistan}}
| {{UZB}}
| [[Karakalpakstan]] (autonomous republic) - including [[Vozrozhdeniya Island]] in the [[Aral Sea]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|45|0|N|59|50|E|type:country|name=Kazakhstan}}
| {{KAZ}}
| [[Kyzylorda Province]]<br/
> [[South Kazakhstan Province]]<br/
> [[Zhambyl Province]]<br/
> [[Almaty Province]]
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|80|2|E|type:country|name=China}}
| {{PRC}}
| [[Xinjiang]] (autonomous region)
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|45|0|N|93|13|E|type:country|name=Mongolia}}
| {{MNG}}
| [[Govi-Altai Province]]<br/
> [[Bayankhongor Province]]<br/
> [[Övörkhangai Province]]<br/
> [[Dundgovi Province]]<br/
> [[Dornogovi Province]]
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|111|46|E|type:country|name=China}}
| {{PRC}}
| [[Inner Mongolia]]
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|112|31|E|type:country|name=Mongolia}}
| {{MNG}}
| [[Sükhbaatar Province]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|45|0|N|114|7|E|type:country|name=China}}
| {{PRC}}
| [[Inner Mongolia]]<br/
> [[Jilin]]<br/
> [[Heilongjiang]]
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|131|30|E|type:country|name=Russia}}
| {{RUS}}
| [[Primorsky Krai]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|45|0|N|136|37|E|type:waterbody|name=Sea of Japan}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Sea of Japan]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of [[Rishiri Island]], {{JPN}}
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|141|41|E|type:country|name=Japan}}
| {{JPN}}
| Island of [[Hokkaidō]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|45|0|N|142|32|E|type:waterbody|name=Sea of Okhotsk}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Sea of Okhotsk]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|147|31|E|type:country|name=Kuril Islands}}
| [[Kuril Islands]]
| Island of [[Iturup]], administered by {{RUS}}, claimed by {{JPN}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|45|0|N|147|59|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|- valign="top"
| {{Coord|45|0|N|124|1|W|type:country|name=United States}}
| {{USA}}
| [[Oregon]]<br/
> [[Idaho]]<br/
> [[Montana]]<br/
> [[Montana]] / [[Wyoming]] border (approximate)<br/
> [[South Dakota]]<br/
> [[Minnesota]]<br/
> [[Wisconsin]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|45|0|N|87|37|W|type:waterbody|name=Lake Michigan}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Lake Michigan]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Green Bay (Lake Michigan)|Green Bay]] - territorial waters of the United States
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|87|21|W|type:country|name=United States}}
| {{USA}}
| [[Wisconsin]] - [[Door Peninsula]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|45|0|N|87|9|W|type:waterbody|name=Lake Michigan}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Lake Michigan]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Territorial waters of the United States
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|86|9|W|type:country|name=United States}}
| {{USA}}
| [[Michigan]] - [[South Manitou Island]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|45|0|N|86|5|W|type:waterbody|name=Lake Michigan}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Lake Michigan]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Territorial waters of the United States
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|85|47|W|type:country|name=United States}}
| {{USA}}
| [[Michigan]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|45|0|N|83|26|W|type:waterbody|name=Lake Huron}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Lake Huron]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Territorial waters of the United States and Canada
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|81|27|W|type:country|name=Canada}}
| {{CAN}}
| [[Ontario]] - [[Bruce Peninsula]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|45|0|N|81|11|W|type:waterbody|name=Lake Huron}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Lake Huron]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Georgian Bay]] - territorial waters of Canada
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|79|59|W|type:country|name=Canada}}
| {{CAN}}
| [[Ontario]]
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|74|54|W|type:country|name=United States}}
| {{USA}}
| [[New York]] - for about 10 km
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|45|0|N|74|46|W|type:country|name=Canada}}
| {{CAN}}
| [[Ontario]] - [[Cornwall Island (Ontario)|Cornwall Island]]<br/
> [[Quebec]] - running just north of the border with [[New York]], {{USA}}
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|45|0|N|73|54|W|type:country|name=United States}}
| {{USA}}
| [[New York]] - running just south of the border with [[Quebec]], {{CAN}}<br/
> [[Vermont]] - running just south of the border with [[Quebec]], {{CAN}}<br/
> [[New Hampshire]]<br/
> [[Maine]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|45|0|N|67|4|W|type:waterbody|name=Passamaquoddy Bay}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Passamaquoddy Bay]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|67|0|W|type:country|name=Canada}}
| {{CAN}}
| [[Deer Island (New Brunswick)|Deer Island]], [[New Brunswick]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|45|0|N|66|57|W|type:waterbody|name=Bay of Fundy}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Bay of Fundy]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Territorial waters of Canada
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|65|10|W|type:country|name=Canada}}
| {{CAN}}
| [[Nova Scotia]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|45|0|N|61|57|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|1|12|W|type:country|name=France}}
| {{FRA}}
| [[Aquitaine]] - passing just north of [[Bordeaux]]
|-
|}
==North America==
[[File:45th parallel north.png|thumb|250px|[[New Hampshire Historical Markers|Historical marker]] [[List of New Hampshire Historical Markers (51–75)#64. 45th Parallel|marking the 45th parallel]] in [[Coos County, New Hampshire]], [[United States]], [[North America]].]]
In [[North America]], the 45th parallel roughly marks the [[United States-Canadian Border|border]] between the [[United States]] and [[Canada]] between the [[Saint Lawrence River|St. Lawrence]] and [[Connecticut River|Connecticut]] rivers (the northern borders of the [[U.S. state]]s of [[New York]] and [[Vermont]] with the [[Canadian province]] of [[Quebec]]), where the parallel is sometimes called the "Canada line". The actual boundary of Vermont lies approximately {{convert|1|km|ft}} north of the parallel due to a [[cartography|cartographic]] error. The boundary here intersects [[Lake Champlain]], which is shared by the two nations, with most of the lake lying in the United States.
The 45th parallel makes up most of the boundary between [[Montana]] and [[Wyoming]]. It also passes through the U.S. states of [[Oregon]], [[Idaho]], [[South Dakota]], [[Minnesota]], [[Wisconsin]], [[Michigan]], [[New York]], [[Vermont]], [[New Hampshire]] and [[Maine]] and through the Canadian provinces of [[Ontario]], [[Quebec]], [[New Brunswick]] and [[Nova Scotia]].
[[File:45thParallelMinneapolis.jpg|thumb|left|Marker in [[Theodore Wirth Park]], [[Golden Valley, Minnesota]].]]
All of "mainland" New Brunswick lies north of the 45th parallel. The southernmost point in mainland New Brunswick, just north of the 45th parallel, is [[Greens Point]], approximately {{convert|90|km|mi}} southwest of [[Saint John, New Brunswick|Saint John]]. Approximately two-thirds of [[Deer Island, New Brunswick|Deer Island]], plus all of [[Campobello]] and [[Grand Manan]] islands, are south of the 45th parallel.
In [[Michigan]], the [[Old Mission Peninsula]] in [[Grand Traverse Bay]] ends just shy of the 45th parallel. Many guidebooks and signs at the [[Mission Point Lighthouse]] describe it as being halfway between the equator and north pole. When the [[Grand Traverse Bay]] recedes below normal level, it is possible to walk out to the exact line.
Farther west, the line roughly bisects the [[metropolitan area]] of [[Minneapolis-St. Paul]]. In Minneapolis there is a marker in [[Theodore Wirth Park]]. The center line of east-west Broadway Avenue in [[Northeast Minneapolis]] was deliberately laid out by city planners to be coterminous to the 45th parallel (i.e., if you are standing in the middle of the street, you are literally standing on the parallel line). In the [[Western United States]], the parallel passes through the [[Great Plains]] and [[Rocky Mountains]], intersecting the [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] coast in [[Oregon]]. Throughout the United States the parallel is marked in many places on highways by a sign proclaiming that the location is halfway between the North Pole and the Equator.
===Cities and communities===
[[File:45richford.jpg|thumb|250px|Granite marker in [[Richford, Vermont]].]]
In North America, the 45th parallel intersects or slightly bypasses (from west to east):
{{div col}}
*[[Rose Lodge, Oregon]], United States
*[[Keizer, Oregon]], United States
*[[Hayesville, Oregon]], United States
*[[Silverton, Oregon]], United States
*[[New Meadows, Idaho]], United States
*[[Gardiner, Montana]], United States
*[[Faith, South Dakota]], United States
*[[Eagle Butte, South Dakota]], United States
*[[North Eagle Butte, South Dakota]], United States
*[[Gettysburg, South Dakota]], United States
*[[Madison, Minnesota]], United States
*[[Raymond, Minnesota]], United States
*[[Minneapolis, Minnesota]], United States, and several adjacent cities
*[[Colfax, Wisconsin]], United States
*[[Dorchester, Wisconsin]], United States
*[[Suring, Wisconsin]], United States
*[[Leland, Michigan]], United States
*[[Gaylord, Michigan]], United States
*[[Atlanta, Michigan]], United States
*[[Alpena, Michigan]], United States
*[[Bracebridge, Ontario]], Canada
*[[Cornwall, Ontario]], Canada
*[[Champlain (village), New York|Champlain, New York]], United States
*[[Rouses Point, New York]], United States
*[[Alburgh, Vermont]], United States
*[[Richford, Vermont]], United States
*[[North Troy, Vermont]], United States
*[[Derby Line, Vermont]], United States
*[[Rangeley, Maine]], United States
*[[Dexter, Maine]], United States
*[[Traverse City, Michigan]], United States
*[[Windsor, Nova Scotia]], Canada
*[[Lion's Head, Ontario]], Canada
{{div col end}}
==Asia==
Continuing west, the parallel passes over vast stretches of the North Pacific Ocean before passing through [[Rishiri-Rebun-Sarobetsu National Park]] and the adjacent town of [[Horonobe]] on the northern tip of [[Hokkaidō]], the northernmost of [[Japan]]'s main islands. It continues through the northern part of the [[Sea of Japan]], entering the Asian mainland on the coast of [[Primorsky Krai]] in [[Russia]], north of [[Vladivostok]].
At [[Khanka Lake]] it enters northeastern [[China]], cutting across [[Heilongjiang]] and continuing through part of [[Jilin]] and eastern [[Inner Mongolia]]. Transecting southern [[Mongolia]] it passes through the provinces of [[Sükhbaatar Province|Sükhbaatar]], [[Dornogovi Province|Dornogovi]] (and its capital [[Sainshand]]), [[Dundgovi Province|Dundgovi]], [[Övörkhangai Province|Övörkhangai]], [[Bayankhongor Province|Bayankhongor]], [[Govi-Altai Province|Govi-Altai]], and [[Khovd Province|Khovd]]. In northwestern China it passes through the [[Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture]] in [[Xinjiang]] and the oil city of [[Karamay]].
The parallel passes through southern [[Kazakhstan]], intersecting the city of [[Burylbaytal]] at the southern tip of [[Lake Balkhash]] and the city of [[Qyzylorda]] further west. At the border with [[Uzbekistan]] it bisects the [[Aral Sea]] and its toxic [[Vozrozhdeniya Island]] peninsula, site of an abandoned Soviet [[bioweapons]] laboratory. It skirts the northern edge of the [[Ustyurt Plateau]], entering back into Kazakhstan before cutting across the northern tip of the [[Caspian Sea]] and into [[Europe]] and [[Russia]].
==Europe==
[[File:Suncanik Senj 45 paralela 07.jpg|right|thumb|[[Sundial]] at the 45th parallel in [[Senj]], [[Croatia]].]]
In [[Europe]] the 45th parallel stretches between the Caspian Sea coast of the Russian [[Caucasus (geographic region)|Caucasus]] in the east and [[Bay of Biscay]] coast of [[France]] in the west. In Russia it runs from the west coast of the Caspian Sea to the east coast of the [[Black Sea]], through the [[Kalmykia|Republic of Kalmykia]], [[Stavropol Krai]] and its capital [[Stavropol]], and [[Krasnodar Krai]] and its capital [[Krasnodar]]. In [[Ukraine]] it crosses the [[Crimea]] and its capital [[Simferopol]].
Further west it passes through the [[Balkans]]: [[Romania]] (just north of [[Ploieşti]], and through [[Târgu Jiu]]), the [[Serbia]]n autonomous province of [[Vojvodina]], the eastern tip of [[Croatia]], the northern edge of [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], and a section of [[Adriatic Sea|Adriatic]] Croatia. The capital city of [[Serbia]] - [[Belgrade]] is just south of the parallel.
In northern [[Italy]] it parallels the [[Po River]], near [[Rovigo]], passing just south of [[Turin]] before passing into [[France]] in the [[Cottian Alps]].
In southern France, it crosses the [[Rhone River]] just north of [[Valence, Drôme]]. On the [[A7 autoroute|A7 autoroute du Soleil]] it is marked by a [[Service area|Motorway service area]] named "Aire de Pont de l'Isere/Latitude 45'". It then continues across the [[Massif Central]] and into the [[Aquitaine]] region. The city of [[Bordeaux]] is just south of the parallel.
==See also==
*[[45th parallel south]]
*[[44th parallel north]], [[46th parallel north]]
*[[45X90 points]]
==References==
<references />
==External links==
{{Commons cat|45th parallel}}
*[http://www.mnmuseumofthems.org/45th/ The 45th Parallel] at the [http://www.mnmuseumofthems.org/index.html Minnesota Museum of the Mississippi and Other Natural Wonders]
*From the [http://www.go.ednet.ns.ca/~mag/ Minas Astronomy Group]: [http://www.go.ednet.ns.ca/~mag/files/midway.htm Midway from the Equator to the North Pole]
*[http://www.confluence.org/ Degree Confluence Project]
{{-}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:45th Parallel North}}
[[:Category:Lines of latitude]]
[[:Category:Canada–United States border]]
[[:Category:Borders of Montana]]
[[:Category:Borders of Wyoming]]
[[fr:45e parallèle nord]]
[[pt:Paralelo 45 N]]
[[uk:45-а паралель північної широти]]
[[ro:Paralela 45 Nord]]
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