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Bibliography Kristian Hvidt, Flight to America: The Social Background of 300,000 Danish Emigrants (New York, 1975), is a detailed and illuminating scholarly study of Danish emigration from 1868 to 1900. Hvidt, Danes Go West: A Book about the Emigration to America (Copenhagen, 1976), is a popularized account that includes the European background and statistics in Flight to America but revises some points of view and adds new information.

Thomas Peter Christensen, A History of the Danes in Iowa (Solvang, Calif., 1952), contains an excellent summary of Danish immigrant history and is the definitive history of Danes in the most Danish of states.

The main studies of Danish-American Lutheranism are Paul C. Nyholm, The Americanization of the Danish Lutheran Churches in America (Copenhagen, 1963); John M. Jensen, The United Evangelical Lutheran Church (Minneapolis, Minn., 1964); and Enok Mortensen, The Danish Lutheran Church in America: The History and Heritage of the American Evangelical Lutheran Church (Philadelphia, 1967). Arlow W. Anderson, The Salt of the Earth: A History of Norwegian-Danish Methodism in America (Nashville, Term., 1962) treats another Scandinavian religious group. The story of the two Danish-American colleges is told in William E. Christensen, Saga of the Tower: A History of Dana College and Trinity Seminary (Blair, Nebr., 1959), and Thorvald Hansen, We Laid Foundation Here: The Early History of Grand View College (Des Moines, 1972). Hansen, School in the Woods (Askov, Minn., 1977), recounts the troubled history of the first Danish-American Lutheran seminary, and Enok Mortensen, Schools for Life: A Danish-American Experiment in Adult Education (Askov, 1977) is the history of Grundtvigian folk schools in America. articles on Danish-American history, a survey of Danish-American literature, and a bibliography. The most complete bibliography is Enok Mortensen, Danish-American Life and Letters |Des Moines, Iowa, 1945). The main U.S. archives are at Grand View College, Des Moines, Iowa, and Dana College, Blair, Nebr. Church materials are collected in the archives of the Lutheran Church in America at the Lutheran School of Theology, Chicago. Danish collections are in the Danes Worldwide Archives, Alborg, and also at the Association of Danes Abroad, Copenhagen.

Dorothy Burton SkArdal