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Manchu Dynasty (A.D. 1644 - 1911)

During the Manchu Dynasty, there were Hmong people who lived in area on the eastern border of the Kweichow province called, Lip’ing. Lip’ing and the Kweichow province was ruled by Prince Ortai.[1] Taxes rose for Hmong farmers and other groups living in the province. Hmong people quickly lost what they owned. From time to time there were small Hmong rebellions but they fail. In 1727, there were campaigns to destroy any more uprisings. General Zhang Kwang Si and his army made way to Bazhai, a Hmong town in the middle of the Kweichow province.[1] After seizing control of Bazhai, they continued to their campaign to Bazhai’s capitol, Guiyang. A year after, they were at Lip’ing, a battle ensued and both suffered casualties. General Zhang Kwang Si was successful in capturing Lip’ing. This battle did not end the rebellions. The Machu Emperor Shih Tsung replaced Prince Ortai with General Zhang Kwang Si. The general led another campaign and defeated remaining Hmong rebel groups. Around 1776, Hmong leaders Shih San-Pao and Shih Liuteng led Hmong guerrilla forces to try and regain control of Kweichow. Imperial troops were went to Kweichow to deal with them. After 14 years, the imperial troops were successfully swayed victory their way. Many problems and battles ensues until the conditions became intolerable. Hmong people migrated out to Kwangsi.[1]

[2]

  1. ^ a b c Quincy, Keith (1988). Hmong: History of a People. Cheney, Washington: Easter Washington University Press. pp. 52–58. ISBN 0-910055-24-6.
  2. ^ Lee, Bo (9/13/2017). "Hmong Parents: What Do They Think About Bilingual Education" (PDF). {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)