User:Sooty Kat/PH-responsive tumor-targeted drug delivery

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Liposomes were first reported as drug-delivery vehicles in the 1960s and are biomimetic nanosomes composed of phospholipid bilayers. Due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, liposomes are a popular choice for pH-responsive tumor-targeted drug delivery.^[1]^[2] The liposome can be modified to facilitate triggered release in response to acidic environmental conditions. These can be prepared by adding pH-sensitive components to fabricate liposomes. pH-responsive liposomes generally consist of weakly acidic amphiphile such as cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHEMS) and cone-shaped lipids such as Dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE).^[3] DOPE adopts a bilayer structure at neutral pH but forms a hexagonal inverted structure, due to the low hydration of their polar head and neutralization of the negatively charged phosphodiester groups when exposed to acidic conditions, such as tumour sites, leading to destabilization and content release, while remaining stable at physiological pH.^[3]^[4] pH-responsive liposomes have some significant advantages, such as low toxicity, simple preparation, and good biocompatibility due to the biocompatible degradable components.

References

^ Zhuo, Shijie; Zhang, Feng; Yu, Junyu; Zhang, Xican; Yang, Guangbao; Liu, Xiaowen (January 2020). "pH-Sensitive Biomaterials for Drug Delivery". Molecules. 25 (23): 5649. doi:10.3390/molecules25235649. ISSN 1420-3049. PMC 7730929. PMID 33266162.
^ Tenchov R, Bird R, Curtze AE, Zhou Q. Lipid Nanoparticles─From Liposomes to mRNA Vaccine Delivery, a Landscape of Research Diversity and Advancement. ACS Nano. 2021 Nov 23;15(11):16982-17015. doi:10.1021/acsnano.1c04996 Epub 2021 Jun 28. PMID 34181394.
^ ^a ^b Paliwal, Shivani Rai; Paliwal, Rishi; Vyas, Suresh P. (2015-04-03). "A review of mechanistic insight and application of pH-sensitive liposomes in drug delivery". Drug Delivery. 22 (3): 231–242. doi:10.3109/10717544.2014.882469. ISSN 1071-7544.
^ Lee, Y.; Thompson, D.H. (2017-09). "Stimuli‐responsive liposomes for drug delivery". WIREs Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology. 9 (5). doi:10.1002/wnan.1450. ISSN 1939-5116. PMID 28198148. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

Paliwal SR, Paliwal R, Vyas SP. A review of mechanistic insight and application of pH-sensitive liposomes in drug delivery. Drug Deliv. 2015;22(3):231-242. doi:10.3109/10717544.2014.882469

Large DE, Abdelmessih RG, Fink EA, Auguste DT. Liposome composition in drug delivery design, synthesis, characterization, and clinical application. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2021;176:113851. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2021.113851

Imtiyaz Z, He J, Leng Q, Agrawal AK, Mixson AJ. pH-Sensitive Targeting of Tumors with Chemotherapy-Laden Nanoparticles: Progress and Challenges. Pharmaceutics. 2022;14(11):2427. Published 2022 Nov 10. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14112427

Lee Y, Thompson DH. Stimuli-responsive liposomes for drug delivery. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2017 Sep;9(5):10.1002/wnan.1450. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1450. Epub 2017 Feb 15. PMID: 28198148; PMCID: PMC5557698.

Abu Lila AS, Ishida T. Liposomal Delivery Systems: Design Optimization and Current Applications. Biol Pharm Bull. 2017;40(1):1-10. doi:10.1248/bpb.b16-00624

[:32-1] Zhuo, Shijie; Zhang, Feng; Yu, Junyu; Zhang, Xican; Yang, Guangbao; Liu, Xiaowen (January 2020). "pH-Sensitive Biomaterials for Drug Delivery". Molecules. 25 (23): 5649. doi:10.3390/molecules25235649. ISSN 1420-3049. PMC 7730929. PMID 33266162.

[2] Tenchov R, Bird R, Curtze AE, Zhou Q. Lipid Nanoparticles─From Liposomes to mRNA Vaccine Delivery, a Landscape of Research Diversity and Advancement. ACS Nano. 2021 Nov 23;15(11):16982-17015. doi:10.1021/acsnano.1c04996 Epub 2021 Jun 28. PMID 34181394.

[:0-3] Paliwal, Shivani Rai; Paliwal, Rishi; Vyas, Suresh P. (2015-04-03). "A review of mechanistic insight and application of pH-sensitive liposomes in drug delivery". Drug Delivery. 22 (3): 231–242. doi:10.3109/10717544.2014.882469. ISSN 1071-7544.

[4] Lee, Y.; Thompson, D.H. (2017-09). "Stimuli‐responsive liposomes for drug delivery". WIREs Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology. 9 (5). doi:10.1002/wnan.1450. ISSN 1939-5116. PMID 28198148. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

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