User:Tokoyaki28/sandbox
Indian is a country owns more than 400-odd languages and 3000-odd dialects...[1]. While the most spoken language in India is Hindi, also, it is the fourth most spoken language in the world. There are ~551 million Hindi speakers in India according to recent statistical data[2].
On September 14th, 1949, the Constituent Assembly adopted Hindi in Devanagari script as India union's official language. At the fifteenth anniversary of the Constitution of India, the government of India announced that Hindi and English can be used for all official purposes according to several terms of the Constitution in January 26th, 1965. Article 343 (1) [3]declares that the official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script. Ever since then, the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government attempted to promote the use of Hindi by imposing the language on non-Hindi speakers[4][5].
The Official Language Act is an Act created for languages which might be used by the State and the Union for official purposes.
According to Article 343(1) and Article 343(2) the Constitution states that Hindi in Devanagari script and English shall be the Official Language of the Union, and for use in Parliament.[8] Article 343(3) shows that the parliament shall continue use English as the proved language for official purposes even after 25 January 1965. [8]Hence, in section 3(2), the Official Languages Act 1963 (the Act was amended in 1967) enpowered the continuing use of English for official purposes after 25 January 1965. The Act statesdown that Hindi and English are compulsory for certain specified purposes, namely, Agreements, Administrative, General Orders, Rules, Notifications, Press Communiqués , Contracts, Licences, Permits, Tender Notices and Forms of Tender, and other Reports, .
The Official Language Rules
[edit]In 1976, Official Language Rules were framed under the provisions of section 8(1) of the Official Languages Act, 1963. [7]
- The rules apply to the Central Government appointed offices, as the office of a Commission, Committee or Tribunal, and are co-operated with Central Government owned companies.
- Procedural and Official literatures that are related to Central Government Offices shall be prepared both in Hindi and English including manuals, codes and contract etc.. The forms, registers' headings, name plates, borad of notice and other items related to stationery shall also be written or published in both Hindi and English.
- People from a Central or State Government Office in Region "A", which comprises the States of Bihar, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh and the Union Territories of Delhi and Andaman and Nicobar Islands, shall use Hindi to communicate.
- People from a Central or State Government Office in Region "B", which comprises the States of Gujarat, Maharashtra and Punjab and the Union Territory of Chandigarh, Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli, shall ordinarily communicate in Hindi.
- People from a Central or State Government Office in Region "C", which comprises the States and the Union Territories other than those referred to in clauses Region "A" and "B", shall use English to communicate.
- Individuals from Central Government Offices and Central Government Offices shall use Hindi when communicating with others from the Offices of the State Governments/Union Territories.
- According to section 3(3) in the Act, the officers who sign documents have the resonsiblity of ensuring the documents are issued in both Hindi and English.
- The administrative head of each Central Government Office has the responsibility of ensuring that the provisions of the Act, the Rules and directions issued under Sub-Rule-2 are properly complied with and to devise suitable and effective checkpoints for this purpose.
Policy
[edit]The Department of Official Language prepared an annual programme to promote the Official Language Resolution, 1968. The programme aimed to ensure that the offices of the Central Government would use Hindi while making originating correspondence, sending faxes, and using telex. [10]The Regional Implementation Offices also requires a quarterly progress report which, provide achievements with regard to the said targets, from the offices of the Central Government. An Annual Assessment Report is made based on the Quarterly Progress Reports, which is laid on the Tables of both Houses of the Parliament and copies endorsed to State Governments and the Departments of the Central Government[10][11]
To monitor the process of Official Language Policy of the Union, eight Regional Implementation Offices are established at Bangalore, Bhopal, Cochin, Delhi, Guwahati, Ghaziabad, Kolkata and Mumbai[12]
Education
[edit]Making Hindi as a compulsory subject
[edit]In April 2017, the president of India gave approval to the recommendation made by a Parliamentary panel stated that the Human Resources Development (HRD) Ministry should make Hindi a compulsory subject. The HRD then made efforts for monitoring Hindi teaching in all Central Board for Secondary Education schools and other Central Schools until Class 10.[14]
After the strong opposition in the southern state of Tamil Nadu, Ramesh Pokhriyal, the new Minister for Human Resource Development, resolved the policy which made Hindi compulsory in non-Hindi speaking states.[15]
Training programs set for standard use of Hindi
[edit]The Department of Official Language manages to set training programs in the Hindi language, according to the Hindi Teaching Scheme, in 2018, language training in Hindi has been imparted through 119 full- time and 49 part-time centres throughout the whole country. Similarly, the Department of Official Language provided training programs for Hindi Stenography and Hindi Typing through 23 full-time and over 30 part-time centres. In different parts of the country, there were up to 200 centres for Hindi training.[10]
Academic and administrative support to the Hindi Teaching Scheme is provided by Five Regional Offices of Hindi Teaching Scheme, that is located at Chennai, Delhi, Guwahati, Kolkata and Mumbai; the Hindi Teaching Scheme covered regions in the East. West, North-Central, South and North-East. To meet the increasing demand of Hindi training in the North Eastern region, in Guwahati, a new Regional Headquarter has been established, and new Hindi training centres have been set at Agartala, Aizwak and Imphal.[10]
The Kendriya Hindi Prashikshan Sansthan
[edit]The Kendriya Hindi Prashikshan Sansthan was built in 1985; it worked as a subordinate office of the Department of Official Language. The Kendriya Hindi Prashikshan Sansthan provides courses in Hindi and the courses include Hindi language learning, Hindi typing and Hindi stenography, as also training through correspondence in Hindi Typewriting. In 1988, sub-institutes of the Kendriya Hindi Prashikshan Sansthan were opened in Bangalore, Kolkata and Mumbai. In 1990, the sub-institutes were established in Chennai and Hyderabad. Up to then, Hindi typing on computers has been imparted at almost all centres throughout the whole country.[16]
The Central Translation Bureau
[edit]The Central Translation Bureau was established in March 1971. It was set to translate different types of non-statutory literature, manuals forms, etc., for Offices of the Central Government and Public Sector Undertakings, Banks in India, Departments and Ministries.[17][18]
Public magazines for Hindi popularization
[edit]Rajbhasha Bharati was a quarterly magazine brought out by the Department of Official Language to encourage official language writing in areas of literature, technology, science and so on. The magazine aimed to make wide publicity for the use and propagation of Official Language Hindi. Efforts were made by different Central Government Offices in different regions in India. So far 111 volumes of Rajbhasha Bharati and more than 112 issues have been published successfully[19]
An annual programme created for the implementation of the Official Language policy. The use of Official Language in different Departments or Ministries will be reported and then assessed by the Department of Official Language. The assessment report would be read by both the houses of Parliament. Films information, Posters, schedules and social media., are also brought out to give information regarding the activities relating to the propagation and progressive use of Hindi as the Official Language.[19][20]
Technical changes
[edit]The Department of Official Language set up a Technical Cell to facilitate the use of Official Language with the help of Mechanical and Electronic equipment in 1983. Changes include the development of ''Language application tools", renew computer training programs and seminars on bilingual computing are made by the Cell.[19]
Details of the changes:
[edit]By running LILA Rajbhasha program, the Cell adds a self-learning package through the medium of Bangla, English, Kannada, Malayalam, Tamil and Telugu. Also, an English to Hindi translation aid tool has been added to the MANTRA Rajbhasha.
Over 100 training programs are created to help for the use of Hindi on the computer every year.
Technical seminars are held for the users and manufacturers to impart training for the use of Hindi software, etc.[20]
Committees set for official use of Hindi
[edit]The Central Official Language Implementation Committee
[edit]The Central Official Language Implementation Committee was constituted in 1976 and was headed by the Secretary. It checks the status of the official use in Hindi in the Union and helps train the employees use Hindi. It generates implementation of instructions that were issued by the Department of Official Language and suggests measures for removing the shortcomings and difficulties noticed in implementing these instructions.[21][22]
The Committee of Parliament on Official Language
[edit]According to section 4 of the Official Languages Act, 1963, The Committee of Parliament on Official Language was constituted in 1976. The Committee consists of members of the Lok Sabba and the Rajya Sabba, and 10 people for each. The Committee was set to check periodically if the members in the Official Language of the Union use Hindi. The data shows that so far it has submitted 8 parts of its reports to the President, and the Presidential Orders on seven parts of its report have been issued and work is in progress on the eighth part.[23]
The Kendriya Hindi Samiti
[edit]The Kendriya Hindi Samiti was constituted in the year 1967. It is managed by the Prime Minister. The use of The Kendriva Hindi Samiti is to ensure the propagation and progressive use of Hindi as Official Language of the Union. The Samitis review the progress in the use of Hindi in related offices in the Ministries and Departments and give suggestions about the measures to promote the use of Hindi.[24]
Town Official Language Implementation Committees
[edit]Town Official Language Implementation Committees are set to check the progress of official use in Hindi and the members could exchange experiences. The committees are built in different areas and there are more than ten Central Government offices. The statistics show that up to now, there are over 255 Town Official Language Implementation Committees built all over the regions in India.[25]
The Debate about Hindi Imposition
[edit]
The debate on national language in India was mainly between Hindi, Hindustani and Urdu.
Considering regional languages like Tamil, Marathi, Punjabi, etc, are used in less than one province, they were found not suitable owing to geographical restrictions[26].
See Also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ Rao, S.Srinivasa. "India's Language Debates and Education of Linguistic Minorities". Economic and Political Weekly. 43: 63–69 – via https://www.jstor.org/stable/40277928?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.
{{cite journal}}: External link in|via= - ^ "What Language Is Spoken in India?". WorldAtlas. Retrieved 2019-05-14.
- ^ "The Constitution Of India. Ministry of Law & Justice" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-06-21.
- ^ Kuchi, Lakshmana Venkat. "M. Karunanidhi (1924-2018): A Legacy of National Relevance". The Hindu Center. Retrieved 2019-05-13.
- ^ "Hindi Imposition by Indian Government and Opposition in Tamil Nadu". www.tamiltribune.com. Retrieved 2019-05-14.
- ^ "The Official Language Act, 1963". knowindia.
- ^ a b "Official Language Rules, 1976 | Department of Official Language | Ministry of Home Affairs | GoI". www.rajbhasha.nic.in. Retrieved 2019-05-17.
- ^ a b India, Parliament of. Official Languages Act, 1963.
- ^ INDIA. Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. 2015. pp. 125–135. ISBN 8123020066, 9788123020068.
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: invalid character (help) - ^ a b c d Division, Publications (2018-02-26). India 2018: A Reference Annual. Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. ISBN 9788123027630.
- ^ India, Parliament of. Official Languages Act, 1963.
- ^ Dwivedi. India 2008. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. ISBN 9780070221772.
- ^ "Profile - The Union - Official Language - Know India: National Portal of India". knowindia.gov.in. Retrieved 2019-06-09.
- ^ Staff, Scroll. "Prakash Javadekar denies New Education Policy draft proposes to make Hindi compulsory till Class 8". Scroll.in. Retrieved 2019-05-17.
- ^ "India language row forces bill revision". 2019-06-03. Retrieved 2019-06-09.
- ^ "केंद्रीय हिंदी प्रशिक्षण संस्थान, Central Hindi Training Institute, Department of Official Language, Government of India". chti.rajbhasha.gov.in. Retrieved 2019-06-07.
- ^ "केंद्रीय अनुवाद ब्यूरो, Central Translation Bureau, Department of Official Language , Government of India". ctb.rajbhasha.gov.in. Retrieved 2019-06-07.
- ^ "Official website of Central Translation Bureau | National Portal of India". www.india.gov.in. Retrieved 2019-06-07.
- ^ a b c "राजभाषा भारती अंक - 152 जुलाई - सितम्बर, 2017 | राजभाषा विभाग | गृह मंत्रालय | भारत सरकार". www.rajbhasha.gov.in. Retrieved 2019-05-17.
- ^ a b "होम | राजभाषा विभाग | गृह मंत्रालय | भारत सरकार". rajbhasha.gov.in. Retrieved 2019-06-06.
- ^ "Home | Department of Official Language | Ministry of Home Affairs | GoI". www.rajbhasha.nic.in. Retrieved 2019-06-07.
- ^ "TOLICs | Department of Official Language | Ministry of Home Affairs | GoI". www.rajbhasha.nic.in. Retrieved 2019-06-07.
- ^ "Committee of Parliament on Official Language". rajbhashasamiti.gov.in. Retrieved 2019-06-07.
- ^ "Constitution of Kendriya Hindi Samiti and Departmental Hindi Advisory committee | Department of Official Language | Ministry of Home Affairs | GoI". rajbhasha.gov.in. Retrieved 2019-06-07.
- ^ "TOLICs | Department of Official Language | Ministry of Home Affairs | GoI". www.rajbhasha.nic.in. Retrieved 2019-06-07.
- ^ Mishra, Salil (2005). "The Urdu that was Hindi". The Times of India. New Delhi: Editorial Opinion Page.