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Dr. Magnus Hirschfeld (right) and Karl Giese (left), 1934.

Magnus Hirschfeld

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Career

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Dr. Magnus Hirschfeld was a German physician,sexologist, clinician, and homosexual rights activist.[1] In 1919 Berlin, Hirschfeld founded Institut für Sexualwissenschaft (Institute for Sexual Science), a private sexology research institute.[2] Hirschfeld's theories and research would become theoretical precursors[3] to concepts such as non-binary gender identity, and same-sex love.[4] In 1910 during the Weimar period, Hirschfeld coined the term "transvestism" to describe the act of cross-dressing, as a way to distinguish the act from notions of homosexuality.[5]

Transvestitenschein (Transvestite Pass)

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In 1908-1909 Hirschfeld and psychoanalyst Karl Abraham implemented the first Transvestitenschein (Transvestite Pass).[6]Hirschfeld created

Karl Abraham, 1920.

the pass as a form of protection against the incrimination and arrest of cross-dressers from local police authorities as well as providing individuals unimpeded travel.[7]The implementation of the Transvestitenschein (Transvestite Pass) paved the way for further progression amongst transgender rights, such as the ability for legal name change.[8] This was one of the first forms of trans recognition of state-legitimacy.[9]Along with Transvestitenschein (Transvestite Pass) Hirschfeld's institute began offering other services for transgender individuals such as sexual health services, including medical transitioning. [10]

  1. ^ "Magnus Hirschfeld", Wikipedia, 2023-11-24, retrieved 2023-11-27
  2. ^ "Institut für Sexualwissenschaft", Wikipedia, 2023-11-20, retrieved 2023-11-27
  3. ^ Sutton, Katie (2011-04-01). "The Masculine Woman in Weimar Germany: Chapter 1 — "Which One Is the Man?": The Masulinization of Women's Fashions". JSTOR. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  4. ^ Mancini, Elena. "The SAGE Encyclopedia of Trans Studies: Hirschfeld, Magnus". Sage Knowledge. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  5. ^ Sutton, Katie (2011-04-01). "The Masculine Woman in Weimar Germany: Chapter 1 — "Which One Is the Man?": The Masulinization of Women's Fashions". JSTOR. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  6. ^ Sutton, Katie (May 2012). ""We Too Deserve a Place in the Sun": The Politics of Transvestite Identity in Weimar Germany". JSTOR. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  7. ^ Sutton, Katie (May 2012). ""We Too Deserve a Place in the Sun": The Politics of Transvestite Identity in Weimar Germany". JSTOR.
  8. ^ Nunn, Zavier (September 22, 2022). "Trans Liminality and the Nazi State". Oxford Academic.
  9. ^ Nunn, Zavier (September 22, 2022). "Trans Liminality and the Nazi State". Oxford Academic.
  10. ^ Nunn, Zavier (September 22, 2022). "Trans Liminality and the Nazi State". Oxford Academic.