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User:Vansam823/Brownfield land

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User:Vansam823/Brownfield land Draft

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Lead

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The definition of brownfield land varies and is decided by policy makers and/or land developers within different countries. [1][2] The main difference in definitions of whether a piece of land is considered a brownfield or not depends on the presence or absence of pollution.[1][3] Overall, brownfield land is a site previously developed for industrial or commercial purposes and thus requires further development before reuse.[1][4]

Old lead:

The definition of brownfield land varies between the governing bodies of different countries public sectors, policy makers, and land developers within different countries. [1][2] The main difference between the definition is whether or not pollution is present at the site.[1][3] Overall, brownfield land is any previously developed land from industrial or commercial usages. It was not converted back to its original state requiring remediation efforts before being reused. [1][4]


I don't think the quote from the NPPF needs to be there as it's just for England. If this is a general definition, quoting one country in the lead seems unnecessary, especially since the article splits into sections for different countries. Each definition can be applied to these sections and it is.

Examples of post industrial brownfield sites include abandoned factories, dry cleaning establishments, gas stations, etc. [5][6] Copied from Brownfield land


Landfills are specifically excluded from the definition of PDL - and hence brownfields - in England. Copied from Brownfield land

  • This is excluded in the NPPF document because it is for the development of houses and it is not excluded from the term itself.
  • will probably get rid of this, as again it is specific to England and only for house development.


Typical contaminants include hydrocarbon spillages, solvents and pesticides, as well as heavy metals like lead, asbestos, petroleum, etc. [5][7] Copied from Brownfield land




Many contaminated post-industrial brownfield sites sit unused because the cleaning costs may be more than the land is worth after redevelopment. Previously unknown underground wastes can increase the cost for study and clean-up. Depending on the contaminants and damage, acquisition, adaptive re-use, and disposal of a brownfield can require advanced and specialized appraisal analysis techniques. [8] Copied from Brownfield land



Infobox

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Article body

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Definition by Country

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Canada

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The Government of Canada defines brownfields as "abandoned, idle or underutilized commercial or industrial properties [typically located in urban areas] where past actions have caused environmental contamination, but which still have potential for redevelopment or other economic opportunities."[9][10] Copied from Brownfield land

  • changed from environment of Canada to federal government of Canada. I could not find anywhere that specifically states it was environment Canada that defines it.

United States

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The term brownfields first came into use on June 28, 1992, at a U.S. congressional field hearing hosted by the Northeast Midwest Congressional Coalition. Also in 1992, the first detailed policy analysis of the issue was convened by the Cuyahoga County, Ohio Planning Commission. [11] The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defined brownfield not simply as a possible improvement site which has been previously improved, but one that may also have impediments, such as "the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant".[12] Copied from Brownfield land

United Kingdom

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In the United Kingdom, brownfield land and previously developed land have the same definition under the National Planning Policy Framework [13][14]. The government of the United Kingdom refers to them both as: "Land which is or was occupied by a permanent structure, including the curtilage of the developed land (although it should not be assumed that the whole of the curtilage should be developed) and any associated fixed surface infrastructure" [14][15] They exclude land that: "is or has been occupied by agricultural or forestry buildings; has been developed for minerals extraction or waste disposal by landfill purposes where provision for restoration has been made through development control procedures; land in built-up areas such as private residential gardens, parks, recreation grounds and allotments; and land that was previously developed but where the remains of the permanent structure or fixed surface structure have blended into the landscape in the process of time." [14][15]


References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f Jacek, Guillaume; Rozan, Anne; Desrousseaux, Maylis; Combroux, Isabelle (2021-05-18). "Brownfields over the years: from definition to sustainable reuse". Environmental Reviews. doi:10.1139/er-2021-0017.
  2. ^ a b Loures, Luis; Vaz, Eric (2018-02-01). "Exploring expert perception towards brownfield redevelopment benefits according to their typology". Habitat International. Regional Intelligence: A new kind of GIScience. 72: 66–76. doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2016.11.003. ISSN 0197-3975.
  3. ^ a b Tang, Yu-Ting; Nathanail, C. Paul (2012-05). "Sticks and Stones: The Impact of the Definitions of Brownfield in Policies on Socio-Economic Sustainability". Sustainability. 4 (5): 840–862. doi:10.3390/su4050840. ISSN 2071-1050. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  4. ^ a b Alker, Sandra; Joy, Victoria; Roberts, Peter; Smith, Nathan (2000-01-01). "The Definition of Brownfield". Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. 43 (1): 49–69. doi:10.1080/09640560010766. ISSN 0964-0568.
  5. ^ a b Trouw, Michael; Weiler, Stephan; Silverstein, Jesse (2020-01). "Brownfield Development: Uncertainty, Asymmetric Information, and Risk Premia". Sustainability. 12 (5): 2046. doi:10.3390/su12052046. ISSN 2071-1050. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  6. ^ Loures, Luis; Vaz, Eric (2018-02-01). "Exploring expert perception towards brownfield redevelopment benefits according to their typology". Habitat International. Regional Intelligence: A new kind of GIScience. 72: 66–76. doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2016.11.003. ISSN 0197-3975.
  7. ^ Green, T. L. (2018-04-01). "Evaluating predictors for brownfield redevelopment". Land Use Policy. 73: 299–319. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.01.008. ISSN 0264-8377.
  8. ^ Chen, I-Chun; Chuo, Yu-Yu; Ma, Hwong-wen (2019-04-01). "Uncertainty analysis of remediation cost and damaged land value for brownfield investment". Chemosphere. 220: 371–380. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.116. ISSN 0045-6535.
  9. ^ Canada, Environment and Climate Change (2012-07-19). "About contaminated sites". www.canada.ca. Retrieved 2023-02-20.
  10. ^ Canada, Environment and Climate Change (2012-07-19). "Action plan for contaminated sites". www.canada.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-24.
  11. ^ "Brownfields Program Achievements Linked to Early Success" (PDF). EPA. October 2006. Fact sheet. EPA 560-F-06-267.
  12. ^ US EPA, OLEM (2014-01-08). "Overview of EPA's Brownfields Program". www.epa.gov. Retrieved 2023-02-20.
  13. ^ "Brownfield land registers". GOV.UK. Retrieved 2023-02-20.
  14. ^ a b c "National Planning Policy Framework" (PDF). GOV.UK. Retrieved February 9, 2023.
  15. ^ a b "National Planning Policy Framework - Annex 2: Glossary - Guidance - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. Retrieved 2023-02-20.
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