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Equipment used for carbon capture and storage. This is an example image.

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Current CCS Projects

Industrial-scale projects

As of 2018, the Global CCS Institute reports 43 large-scale projects in the operational, construction, or development stages. 18 of these projects are currently operational around the world, with several more scheduled for operation by 2020. The range of these projects is versatile, covering several industrial sectors including natural gas processing, power, fertilizer, hydrogen and biofuels. In its 2017 report of the global status of CCS, the Global CCS Institute also stated that these projects have sequestered over 220 million tonnes of anthropogenic CO2. To date, the currently operating CCS projects are:

Developing Projects

Port of Rotterdam CCUS Backbone Initiative

Expected in 2021, the Port of Rotterdam CCUS Backbone Initiative aims to implement a "backbone" of shared CCS infrastructure for use by several businesses located around the Port of Rotterdam in Rotterdam, Netherlands. The project, overseen by the Port of Rotterdam, natural gas company Gasunie, and the EBN, looks to capture and sequester 2 million tons of carbon dioxide per year starting in 2020 and increase this number in future years. Although dependent on the participation of companies, the goal of this project is to greatly reduce the carbon footprint of the industrial sector of the Port of Rotterdam and establish a successful CCS infrastructure in the Netherlands following the recently canceled ROAD project. Carbon dioxide captured from local chemical plants and refineries will both be sequestered in the North Sea seabed. The possibility of a CCU initiative has also been considered, in which the captured carbon dioxide will be sold to horticultural firms, who will use it to speed up plant growth, as well as other industrial users.

Alternative carbon capture methods

Although the majority of industrial carbon capture is done using post-combustion capture, several notable projects exist that utilize a variety of alternative capture methods. Several smaller-scale pilot and demonstration plants have been constructed for research and testing using these methods, and a handful of proposed projects are in early development on an industrial scale. Some of the most notable alternative carbon capture projects include:

Shanxi International Energy Oxyfuel Project

The Shanxi International Energy Group (SIEG) is working to construct a 350 MW super-critical coal-fired power plant in Taiyuan, Shanxi province in China. Set for construction in the 2020s, this plant will capture carbon dioxide using oxy-fuel combustion, aiming for the capture of over 2 million tons of carbon dioxide per year. SIEG has been working with the US-based company Air Products since 2010 to perform feasibility testing and adapt its oxy-fuel technology to a proposed plant design. Captured carbon dioxide will be both sequestered and used for other applications. This project has also been included in the U.S.-China Fossil Energy Protocol – Annex II: Clean Fuels, which hopes to promote cooperation between the two nations. Future steps include identifying potential transportation routes and storage sites.

GreenGen IGCC

GreenGen is a three-phase project led by China Huaneng Group (CHNG) to develop and build a 400 MW IGCC power plant in Tianjin, China. Construction of this plant is the third and final phase of this project which was launched in 2005 and is expected completion by 2020. Carbon dioxide will be captured by pre-combustion capture using gasification of coal, with an expected capture rate of 2 millions tons of carbon dioxide per year. Phase 1 of this project was the construction of a 250 MW IGCC demonstration plant for R&D that began in 2009 and was set for completion by 2012. Phase 2, which is still in progress, involves construction of a pilot plant that produces electricity from hydrogen and captures carbon dioxide for industrial use. CHNG has also partnered with American coal company Peabody Energy on this project.

Climeworks Direct Air Capture Plant and CarbFix2 Project

Climeworks opened the first commercial direct air capture plant in Zürich, Switzerland. Their process involves capturing carbon dioxide directly from ambient air using a patented filter, isolating the captured carbon dioxide at high heat, and finally transporting it to a nearby greenhouse as a fertilizer. The plant is built near a waste recovery facility that uses its excess heat to power the Climeworks plant.

Climeworks is also working with Reykjavik Energy on the CarbFix2 project with funding from the European Union. This project, located in Hellisheidi, Iceland, uses direct air capture technology to geologically store carbon dioxide by operating in conjunction with a large geothermal power plant. Once carbon dioxide is captured using Climeworks' filters, it is heated using heat from the geothermal plant and bound to water. The geothermal plant then pumps the carbonated water into rock formations underground where the carbon dioxide reacts with basaltic bedrock and forms carbonite minerals.