User:WillieBean10/sandbox

Draft: Lyrics do not only elicit the emotion of fear, but elicit many emotions such as sadness, despair, happiness, excitement, and so on. Lyrics in music even have the ability to persuade the listener to change their behavior, help with interpersonal issues and problems, create discussions between listeners, and inspire the listener to think a little deeper about their own feelings, emotions, problems, and any difficulties that they may be dealing with.

Along with the idea of lyrics creating a certain emotion within the listener, is the subject of how lyrics have changed over times. Lyrics have long been used in songs that have had to do with love and so the lyrics helped to elicit feelings of closeness and foster relationships, but more recently in modern times, it has been shown that lyrics in music are beginning to create more antisocial behavior in its listeners. An interesting fact regarding music and emotions is how music has been used to help with mood regulation. In fact, as mentioned in the article already, music is used as a form of therapy, but an intriguing fact regarding music and emotions, is that music therapist often use music to help in the treatment of many mood and personality disorders, often having their patients analyze the lyrics in the music as one of the "most common interventions".

Assignment due 4/20/24:

Summary/Evaluation:

For my first reference, "When Words Matter: A Cross-Cultural Perspective on Lyrics and Their Relationship to Musical Emotions", this references how lyrics are related to musical emotions and their perspective on their importance to emotions in musical compositions. In the reference, it states, "Lyrics in music have been considered to serve a number of different functions. Studies have demonstrated that, in certain situations, lyrics facilitate the exploration of feelings, problems, and difficulties (Hargreaves et al., 2002), or might reinforce the connection between genre subcultures and attitudes (Stack & Gundlach, 1992). Lyrics may also increase the availability of prosocial beliefs, lead to elevated interpersonal empathy, and foster helping behavior (Greitemeyer, 2009a, 2009b); facilitate intense discussion of feelings and personal ideas (Gardstrom, 1987), especially between adolescents (Mark, 1988); create a symbiosis between the music and the lyrics’ content (Stratton & Zalanowski, 1994); help overcome everyday problems (Gibson et al., 2000); and often have the potential to influence people’s behavior (Ballard et al., 1999; North & Hargreaves, 2008). Thus, listeners might seek for lyrics that seem rich, thoughtful, persuasive, and emotional, when choosing which music to listen to (Stratton & Zalanowski, 1994)." I find this reference will be extremely helpful when making my changes to my chosen article.

In my second reference, "Pop Psych: The Impact of Music and Lyrics on Emotion", this reference purpose and audience is aimed at a younger audience, as the paper was written by a college student, and peer reviewed, and makes a lot of good points that are in relation to my article when it comes to pop music and how lyrics in modern times affect it's listeners, such as, "Lyrics in pop music are as diverse as the genre itself. While they no doubt have the ability to foster meaningful relationships and bring about positive social change (Belcher & Haridakis, 2013), they have become far more aggressive and antisocial over time (DeWall, Pond, Campbell & Twenge, 2011). Specifically, modern lyrics are using fewer words that describe prosocial companionship (e.g., ‘us’, ‘ours’), while words associated with antisocial behaviour (e.g., ‘hate’, ‘kill’) are appearing in higher frequency (Interiano et al., 2018). Pop lyrics also tend to address themes such as sex, drugs, violence and misogyny, yet somehow manage to slip under the radar of public scrutiny (Ballard et al., 1999). When coupled with an irresistible score, listeners are often more likely to accept the legitimacy of an otherwise controversial message (Sellnow & Sellnow, 2001)."

In my third reference, "Using Machine Learning Analysis to Interpret the Relationship Between Music Emotion and Lyric Features", this reference uses science and includes studies done by numerous sources and experiments as well. The reference goes over the differences of positive and negative emotions related to musical composition and lyrics in music. As it states in the reference, " Ali & Peynircioglu (2006) investigated differences in melodies and lyrics conveying the same and mismatched emotions and confirmed the dominance of melody in music emotional information processing. Additionally, they observed that lyrics can strengthen the perception of negative emotions but weaken the perceived positive emotions. A computational study (Hu, Downie & Ehmann, 2009) found that negative emotion classification accuracy was improved by adding lyric information, while the opposite effect was obtained for the classification of positive emotions. In contrast, the results of Laurier, Grivolla & Herrera (2008) showed that lyrics can facilitate the recognition of happy and sad musical emotions but not angry and violent emotions. Explanatory studies were also conducted instantly following the observed phenomena. Pieschl & Fegers (2016) advocated using short-term effects on cognition and affect to explain the power of lyrics. By comparing music with and without lyrics, evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging also indicated the importance of lyrics for negative musical emotions (Brattico et al., 2011). Following the work of Brattico et al. (2011), neural mechanisms have been continually studied in recent years (e.g.,Greer et al., 2019; Proverbio, Benedetto & Guazzone, 2020). In sum, although subtle conflicts exist in different studies, the substantial role of lyrics in music emotion perception is consistent."

Rhetorical Notation: Genre, Purpose, Audience, Exigency:

With this reference, "When Words Matter: A Cross-Cultural Perspective on Lyrics and Their Relationship to Musical Emotions", I feel that it addresses the importance of lyrics in music and their psychological effect on the listener. I find this reference brings up many good points that will make the reader really think about how lyrics in music not only affect their emotions, but their actions and behaviors as well.

With this reference, "Pop Psych: The Impact of Music and Lyrics on Emotion", I found that the author was able to really show the impact that certain types of lyrics have on a listener. The peer reviewed paper brings up many points when it comes to how lyrics affect a listener in modern pop music versus how lyrics had affected a listener before music in modern history became more controversial.

With this reference, "Using Machine Learning Analysis to Interpret the Relationship Between Music Emotion and Lyric Features", I found that the authors were able to make good points about when it comes to lyrics in music and use science behind their findings which I find will help me in my article's changes that I plan to make. I found this article in the NMC library and found that using the certain words and phrases that had to do with my article was extremely helpful in finding this reference. This reference adds a more investigative approach to lyrics in music and contains many different sources within the reference that are scholarly and I believe Wikipedia will accept as useful and correct information.

Wikipedia Citation Application:

For my first reference, "When Words Matter: A Cross-Cultural Perspective on Lyrics and Their Relationship to Musical Emotions", I feel my chosen article can benefit from this reference as it will add how lyrics in music can influence behavior in the listener and how certain types of lyrics can bring about different emotions in the listener. I will use this reference to add to the article why lyrics are important because of how they can influence the listener in a multitude of ways, depending on the type of music and lyrics they are listening to.

For my second reference, "Pop Psych: The Impact of Lyrics and Music on Emotion", I feel my chosen article will benefit from citations from this reference by explaining to the reader how lyrics have changed in music over time and how the change in musical styles, especially pop music in modern times, have an effect on a listener's emotions. I will use this reference to explain to the reader how the use of certain words in lyrics can create certain emotions in listeners and in return, are able to affect the listener's behavior and mental awareness of their feelings.

For my third reference, "Using Machine Learning Analysis to Interpret the Relationship Between Music Emotion and Lyric Features", I feel my chosen article will benefit from it by its use of many scholarly citations within the article, which will add validity to the changes I plan to make in the article I have chosen to add changes to. I plan to use this reference to show the reader how lyrics can psychologically affect a listener and add the use of the studies that have been done and explained throughout the article to, again, add validity to the changes made and show that there have been numerous studies done on lyrics and their effects on a listener's emotions, therefore showing the reader the importance of lyrics in music.

Bibliography

• Barradas T, Goncalo and Sakka, Laura S. 16 June, 2021. When words matter: A cross-cultural perspective on lyrics and their relationship to musical emotions. Sage Journals. /journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/03057356211013390#body-ref-bibr31-03057356211013390https:/

• "POP PSYCH: The Impact of Music and Lyrics on Emotion" (PDF). [digital.library.adelaide.edu](^2^). {{cite web}}: Empty citation (help): Empty citation (help): Empty citation (help): External link in |website= (help)

• Xu, Liang, et al. "Using machine learning analysis to interpret the relationship between music emotion and lyric features." PeerJ Computer Science, vol. 7, 15 Nov. 2021, p. e785. Gale OneFile: Computer Science, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A714861928/CDB?u=lom_nwmichcoll&sid=bookmark-CDB&xid=8660366f. Accessed 18 Apr. 202<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2021-11-15 |title=Peer