User:Ybg16/SCCmec
Introduction[edit]
SCCmec, or staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec, is a mobile genetic element of Staphylococcus bacterial species. This genetic sequence includes the mecA gene coding for resistance to the antibiotic methicillin and is the only known way for Staphylococcus strains to spread the gene in the wild by horizontal gene transfer.[1] SCCmec is a 21 to 60 kb long genetic element that confers broad-spectrum β-lactam resistance to MRSA.[2] Moreover, additional genetic elements like Tn554, pT181, and pUB110 can be found in SCCmec, which have the capability to render resistance to various non-β-lactam drugs.[3]
Classification[edit]
Not all SCCmec elements are identical (in fact, SCC elements without the mecA gene do exist.[4]) As of December 2021, SCCmec elements have been classified into fourteen types (I through XIV).[5] One region is the mec complex including the mecA gene. The other is the ccr gene complex including genes coding for recombinases.[6]
The mec complex is divided further into five types (I through V) based on the arrangement of regulatory genetic features such as mecR1, an inducer.[7] The mec gene complex in SCCmec, comprising mec gene, its regulators (mecR1, mecI), and insertion sequences (IS), is categorized into five classes (A to E). Class A includes mecA, full mecR1, mecI, and IS431. Class B has IS1272, mecA, partial mecR1, and IS431. Class C, with two versions (C1, C2), contains mecA, partial mecR1, IS431, differing in IS431 orientation. Class D includes IS431, mecA, partial mecR1; Class E consists of blaZ, mecC, mecR1, mecI.[7][8][9]
The ccr and mec gene complexes in SCCmec are connected by joining (J) regions, considered non-essential but capable of carrying extra antimicrobial resistance determinants.[10][11] These are categorized as J1, J2, and J3, based on their SCCmec positions. J1, also known as the L-C region, lies between the right chromosomal junction and upstream of the ccr gene. J2, previously the C-M region, is situated between the ccr and mec gene complexes. J3 (formerly the I-R region) is found downstream of the mec gene complex, extending to the left chromosomal junction.[12]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Hanssen, Anne-Merethe; Ericson Sollid, Johanna U. (February 2006). "SCC mec in staphylococci: genes on the move". FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology. 46 (1): 8–20. doi:10.1111/j.1574-695X.2005.00009.x.
- ^ Katayama, Y.; Ito, T.; Hiramatsu, K. (June 2000). "A New Class of Genetic Element, Staphylococcus Cassette Chromosome mec , Encodes Methicillin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 44 (6): 1549–1555. doi:10.1128/AAC.44.6.1549-1555.2000. PMID 10817707.
- ^ Ito, Teruyo; Hiramatsu, Keiichi (1998). "Acquisition of methicillin resistance and progression of multiantibiotic resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus". Yonsei Medical Journal. 39 (6): 526. doi:10.3349/ymj.1998.39.6.526. ISSN 0513-5796.
- ^ Hanssen, Anne-Merethe; Ericson Sollid, Johanna U. (1 February 2006). "SCCmec in staphylococci: genes on the move". FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology. 46 (1): 8–20. doi:10.1111/j.1574-695X.2005.00009.x. PMID 16420592.
- ^ Uehara, Yuki (2022-01-11). "Current Status of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec)". Antibiotics. 11 (1): 86. doi:10.3390/antibiotics11010086. ISSN 2079-6382.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Hiramatsu, K; Cui, L; Kuroda, M; Ito, T (Oct 2001). "The emergence and evolution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus". Trends in Microbiology. 9 (10): 486–93. doi:10.1016/s0966-842x(01)02175-8. PMID 11597450.
- ^ a b Katayama, Y; Ito, T; Hiramatsu, K (Jul 2001). "Genetic organization of the chromosome region surrounding mecA in clinical staphylococcal strains: role of IS431-mediated mecI deletion in expression of resistance in mecA-carrying, low-level methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 45 (7): 1955–63. doi:10.1128/AAC.45.7.1955-1963.2001. PMC 90585. PMID 11408208.
- ^ Shore, Anna C.; Deasy, Emily C.; Slickers, Peter; Brennan, Grainne; O'Connell, Brian; Monecke, Stefan; Ehricht, Ralf; Coleman, David C. (August 2011). "Detection of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Type XI Carrying Highly Divergent mecA , mecI , mecR1 , blaZ , and ccr Genes in Human Clinical Isolates of Clonal Complex 130 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 55 (8): 3765–3773. doi:10.1128/AAC.00187-11. ISSN 0066-4804. PMID 21636525.
- ^ International Working Group on the Classification of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome Elements (IWG-SCC) (Dec 2009). "Classification of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCC mec ): Guidelines for Reporting Novel SCC mec Elements". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 53 (12): 4961–4967. doi:10.1128/aac.00579-09. PMID 19721075.
- ^ "Classification of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCC mec ): Guidelines for Reporting Novel SCC mec Elements". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 53 (12): 4961–4967. December 2009. doi:10.1128/AAC.00579-09. ISSN 0066-4804.
- ^ Liu, Junyan; Chen, Dingqiang; Peters, Brian M.; Li, Lin; Li, Bing; Xu, Zhenbo; Shirliff, Mark E. (December 2016). "Staphylococcal chromosomal cassettes mec (SCCmec): A mobile genetic element in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus". Microbial Pathogenesis. 101: 56–67. doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2016.10.028.
- ^ Lakhundi, Sahreena; Zhang, Kunyan (September 2018). "Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Molecular Characterization, Evolution, and Epidemiology". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 31 (4). doi:10.1128/CMR.00020-18. ISSN 0893-8512.
 | This genetics article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
 | This is the sandbox page where you will draft your initial Wikipedia contribution.
If you're starting a new article, you can develop it here until it's ready to go live. If you're working on improvements to an existing article, copy only one section at a time of the article to this sandbox to work on, and be sure to use an edit summary linking to the article you copied from. Do not copy over the entire article. You can find additional instructions here. Remember to save your work regularly using the "Publish page" button. (It just means 'save'; it will still be in the sandbox.) You can add bold formatting to your additions to differentiate them from existing content. |