User talk:Gaurav4291/INDIA2016
CH1 – Land and People
[edit]Western Himalayas
[edit]- From Kashmir to Kumaun
- Vegetation – Temperate zone (pines, chir, other conifers)
- On going higher – deodar, blue pine, silver fir and spruce
- Alpine zone – silver fir, silver birch and junipers
Assam Region
[edit]- Vegetation – evergreen forests, tall grasses, bamboo trees
Andaman
[edit]- Vegetation – evergreen forest, mangrove,
Ganga belt
[edit]- Rich in alluvial soil – wheat, sugarcane , rice cultivation
India represents 2 realms and 3 biomes
[edit]- Realms – Palearctic and Indo-malayan
- Biomes – tropical humid forest, Tropical dry/deciduous forest and warm desert/ semi deserts
Biomes
[edit]- A biome is a formation of plants and animals that have common characteristics due to similar climates and can be found on different continents
Realms
[edit]- It is a large regional unit defined on a number of factors
- Factors – physical, political, cultural
Ch2 – National symbols
[edit]Satyamev Jayate
[edit]- From mundaka Upanishad
- Meaning – truth alone triumphs
CH4 – Agriculture
[edit]Agriculture
[edit]- Is the source of livelihood for 55% of population
Krishnonnati yojana
[edit]- Umbrella scheme for a number of scheme
- 1. National food security mission – to increase production of rice, wheat and pulses.
- And a number of more
CH5 – culture and tourism
[edit]Classical dance
[edit]Bharatnatyam
[edit]- Tamilnadu
- Originally known as dassiyatam
- Handed down by teachers (nattuwanars)
- Temple dancers – devadasis
- Instruments – Mridangam, violin, flute and talam
Khatakali
[edit]- Kerala
- Elaborate costumes and makeups
Kathak
[edit]- North India (influence of Mughal)
- To tell a story
- Traditionally stories were of Radha and Krishna
- Instruments – Pakhwaj (kind of tabla)
Mohiniyattam
[edit]- Kerala
- Shows love and devotion to god
Others
[edit]- Manipuri – lyrical style of dance
- Kuchipudi – Andhra Pradesh
- Odissi
- Sattriya –Assam
CH6 – Basic economic data
[edit]National Income
[edit]Niryat bandhu scheme
[edit]- Mentoring first generation entrepreneurship
CH12 – Environment
[edit]Biodiversity
[edit]CBD
- Convention on biological diversity
- Goals
- 1. Conservation of biological diversity
- 2. Sustainable use of its components
- 3. Fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources
Cartagena protocol
- Adopted under CBD
- It is on biosafety
- Objective – safe handing, transfer and use of living genetically modified organisms
Nagoya protocol
- Under CBD
- It is on access and benefit sharing
- To be implemented through biological diversity act
Biological diversity act
- For conservation, sustainable utilization, fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from use of biological resources
- NBA – national biodiversity authority (Chennai) is established under this act – to implement its provisions
National Park
[edit]- NOTE: DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NATIONAL PARKS AND WILD LIFE SANCTUARIES
- The boundaries of national parks are well marked, whereas the boundaries of wildlife sanctuaries are often not well marked. In India the areas under national parks are strictly reserved for the conservation and preservation of wildlife, with no scope for human activities.
- All human activities are completely banned in the area under the national parks, whereas in wildlife sanctuaries, some human activities like timber extraction, forestry and cultivation are allowed, provided they do not have direct adverse impact on the wildlife.
- In most countries, only national or federal government can constitute national parks, but in India, state governments have the power to constitute national parks.
- In fact, national parks can only be constituted or abolished through state legislation, whereas wild sanctuaries are created through an order of a competent authority, who can be the chief conservator of forests or a minister of a state. Thus, it is evident that national parks have greater degree of permanency than a wildlife sanctuary.
- In wildlife sanctuaries private ownership rights can continue as long as wildlife conservation is not adversely affected, but in the national parks there are no private ownership rights.
- Both can be formed out of reserved of protected forests.
Biosphere Reserve
[edit]• A Biosphere Reserve is an ecosystem with plants and animals of unusual scientific and natural interest. It is title given by UNESCO to help protect the sites. The plan is to promote management, research and education in ecosystem conservation. This includes the sustainable use of natural resources.