User talk:Gaurav4291/Test
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[edit]Ex-Situ conservation method
[edit]- Means offsite conservation
- In this component of biological diversity is restricted from its natural habitat and managed in a controlled environment
- Ex- gene banks, zoos, biological parks, tissue culture
In-Situ Conservation
[edit]- means onsite conservation
- conservation of plants and animals in their natural habitat
- biosphere reserves, National Parks, Sanctuaries
Naupada
[edit]- Famous for Salt fields
- In Andhra Pradesh
Sanctuaries in Rann of Kutch
[edit]- Indian wild ass sanctuary –largest wildlife sanctuary in India
- Narayan Sarovar Chinkara wildlife sanctuary – last remaining habitats of Cheetah in India
- Kutch great Indian bustard sanctuary – heaviest flying bird – smallest sanctuary in India – the bird is in Critically endangered Red list of IUCN
- Banni Grasslands reserve
- Chari-Dhand wetland conservation reserve - located on the edge of banni grasslands
Double coconut palm
[edit]- Largest seed known
- And can survive for long time (1000 years)
- Very rare tree – only 1 in India and is found in only two of the Seychelles islands
- Listed as endangered under IUCN
Sikkim
[edit]- Orchid is the state flower
- Kanchenzenga national park and biosphere reserve – kanchenzenga third highest peak in the world
Assam
[edit]- Manas National Park
- Kaziranga national park
- Dibru-saikhowa NP
- Nameri NP
- Orang NP — Preceding unsigned comment added by Gaurav4291 (talk • contribs) 15:27, 6 June 2016 (UTC)
AQI
[edit]- The AQI has six categories of air quality, viz Good, Satisfactory, Moderately Polluted, Poor, Very Poor and Severe with distinct colour scheme.
- AQI considers eight pollutants (PM10, PM 2.5, NO2, SO2, CO, O3, NH3 and Pb)
Point calimere and wildlife sanctuary
[edit]- In Tamil nadu
- For blackbucks
- Famous for greater flamingos
- It is a tropical dry evergreen forests
- It is a Ramsar site
Ropar wetland
[edit]- Fresh water riverine
- It is a Ramsar site
Bhoj wetland
[edit]- Fresh water system
- It is a Ramsar site
SICOM
[edit]- Society of integrated coastal management
- Estb. Under MoEFCC
- To support in the implementation of ICZM (supported by world bank)
Global Environment facility
[edit]- Partnership of various public and private organisations and civil organisations
- Focus is on environment
Forest Fires
[edit]- Mizoram sees highest number of forest fires
- MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer sensor of NASA is used to monitor forest fires in real time in India
Kadamba tree
[edit]- Is an evergreen tropical tree native to south and south east Asia
Article 8 (j) of the Convention on Biological Diversity
[edit]- On Traditional Knowledge, Innovations and Practices
Biological diversity act, 2002
[edit]- Under this NBA (National biodiversity authority) is established – statutory and autonomous body
- It advises central govt. on preserving biodiversity
- State biodiversity boards advises state govt.
- Biological management commissions – are bodies at local level
USAID Forest-Plus
[edit]- Program to accelerate India’s path to low-carbon economy
- Develop capacity to measure carbon monitoring and storage
- Reducing deforestation and land-use planning
Test2
[edit]Wildlife protection Act,1972
[edit]- Under this Nilgai and wildpig (boar) has been declared as vermins
- Under the act any animal declared as vermin, state authorities can carry out extermination on large scale without attracting penal provisions
Binturong (bearcat)
[edit]- Vulnerable under IUCN
- Can be found in Manas national park
Basel Convention
[edit]- On transboundary movement of hazardous waste and their disposal
Minamata convention
[edit]- Is on mercury – to protect human health
Rotterdam Convention
[edit]- Is on prior consent and responsibilities in relation to importation of hazardous chemicals
Stockholm convention
[edit]- Is on protection of human health from persistent organic pollutants
Cooum River
[edit]- Shortest river to drain into bay of Bengal
- Earlier known as triplicane river
- One of the highly polluted river in Tamil nadu
Wetlands
[edit]- 2 Feb – wetlands day
- On every continent (except Antarctica)
Trophic level
[edit]- Autotrophs or producers – first level
- More number of organisms – at lower levels
Bio-magnification
[edit]- Is the increasing concentration of a substance such as a toxic substance in the tissue of organisms at successive higher trophic levels in a food chain
Bio-Accumulation
[edit]- Occurs at the same trophic level – it is the increase in concentration of a substance
Bio-Concentration
[edit]- It happens when uptake from water if higher then excretion
Bio-diversity hotspot
[edit]- A region which has high biodiversity and is under threat from human activities
Test3
[edit]Test4
[edit]Global Warming
[edit]- Sun is not at all responsible for global warming
- Warming is only due to warming of surface temperature - not stratosphere
Ozone depletion
[edit]- CFC's break and release Chlorine free radical that breaks O3
- Green climate fund is the largest fund
- Clean development mechanism
- National clean energy fund is funded by cess on coal
NAFCC
[edit]- National adaptation fund on climate change
- it is funded only by govt.
- Objective - is to assist states and UTs that are particularly vulnerable to climate change
- NABARD - is the national implementing agency under NAFCC
GHGs
[edit]- HFCs, CO2, CH4, Nitrous oxide, PFCs (Perflourocarbons), Sulphur hexaflouride, Nitrogen triflouride
Test5
[edit]- Bhimbetka caves (vindhyan and satpura range) - one of the richest cave paintings - upper paleolithic, mesolithic and chalcolithic
- In India - cave paintings are found from upper paleolithic era
- Lakhudiyar (Amora) - have hand linked images of human
- Upper paleolithic cave paintings - images are linear, use of green, red, black, white color - animal figures, geometric patterns and humans in stick style
- Harappa and Mohenjodaro sites - Lothal, Dholavira, Balathal, Kalibangan, Daimabad, Ropar, Rakhigari, etc.
Important Buddha Sites
[edit]- Sarnath – First sermon
- Kushinagar – Cremation of Buddha (and last sermon)
- Bodhgaya – attained enlightenment
- Other stupas at Buddha's relics - Rajagraha, Vaishali, Kapilavastu, Allakappa, Ramagrama, Vethadipa, Pava, Kushinagar and Pippalvina.
- Shatrunjay hills - Jain temples
T11
[edit]Landslides
[edit]- Caused by – earthquakes, floods, volcanoes, leaking pipes and sewer reticulation, removal of vegetation and vibrations from heavy traffic and blasting
Soil conservation
[edit]- Methods – Mixed farming, mulching and intercropping
Isotonic and hypotonic
[edit]- Isotonic solution – osmotic pressure on the both sides of semi-permeable membrane is equal – thus water can travel both ways – without affecting concentration of solutes on both sides
- Hypotonic solution – has less osmotic pressure (lower concentration of solute) – thus water flows towards it. A fresh water solution is hypotonic – thus a cell kept in this solution will swell.
- Hypertonic solution – has high osmotic pressure
Diclofenac
[edit]- Damages kidney of vultures
Cites
[edit]- Washington convention
Non-metallic minerals
[edit]- Coal, porphyry, mica are non-metallic minerals
Appalachians
[edit]- East North America
Zirconium
[edit]- Oldest material of terrestrial origin
- Found in western Australia
- Is a metallic mineral
Kalgoorlie
[edit]- Gold mine city – western Australia
Crude oil
[edit]- Kerogen is an important part in the formation of petroleum beneath the earth
- Brent crude is a mixture of 15 oil fields between Nigeria and Dubai
- Brent crude has low sulphur and has less density
- India’s oil basket comprises – Oman-Dubai sour grade and Brent crude in the ratio of 67.6 : 32.4
LPG and CNG
[edit]- LPG is a mixture of Propane and Butane
- CNG only contains Methane
- CNG releases less GHGs than LPG
- CNG is lighter than air – thus disperses quickly
- LPG is highly inflammable – heavier than air – thus settles on ground level
Thorium
[edit]- India has 25% of the world’s total thorium reserves
- India’s 3 stage nuclear programme plans to use this reserve
- India currently has no thorium plants
- Andhra Pradesh has largest reserve in India
Shifting cultivation
[edit]- It adversely affects the recovery of soil fertility
- It results in weed invasion and
- Can be used to combat climate change
Wheat
[edit]- Grows in well drained loam or clay-loam soils
- Needs lot of sunshine
- Is grown as rainfed crop
MIC
[edit]- Methyl isocyanate is an intermediate product in the production of Carbamate pesticides
- Union carbide India ltd. Used MIC as an intermediate product to manufacture plastics, industrial chemical and pesticides
T12
[edit]EEZ
[edit]- Exclusive economic zone – no sovereignty over this only sovereign right
- Surface waters in this region is international waters
- If the continental shelf of the country extends beyond 200 nautical miles, that country can claim EEZ beyond 200 nautical miles – India applied for extending its EEZ to UNCLOS
- Territorial waters – 12 nautical miles – full sovereignty over this
1992 Summit
[edit]- Earth summit –Rio
- Signed documents – Agenda 21, forest principles, CBD and UN convention to combat desertification
Club of rome
[edit]- Group of global think tanks
- In the field of humanity, global warming, well being
- Famous for its book – Limits to growth – on limited availability of natural resources and its impact on economic growth
Land degradation
[edit]- Causes:
- Deforestation, Shifting cultivation without adequate fallow period, overgrazing, unbalanced fertiliser use, overpumping of ground water
Strip cropping
[edit]- Involves growing strips of grass between crops or strips of different crops
- Used to prevent soil degradation
Chir pine
[edit]- Is native to India
- Oak tree was replaced by chir trees for resin and timber
Bhakra dam
[edit]- Concrete gravity dam
Kul irrigation system
[edit]- It is a traditional rainwater harvesting technique
- In this, heads of glaciers are used to draw water in a sustainable manner
- Practiced in trans-himalayan region – mainly in spiti valley
High value crops
[edit]- Vegetables, fruits and flowers, ornamentals, condiments, spices,
- Not pusles and cotton
Rat hole coal mining
[edit]- It was rampant in Meghalaya
- Now banned by NGT and Meghalaya govt.
- Rat hole mining has resulted in increased acidity in near by water sources
Types of Indian silk
[edit]- Kinkkhwab
- Pot-thans
- Himru
- Mashru
NH44
[edit]- Previously NH 7
- From Srinagar to Kanyakumari
- Passes through H.P, Punjab, Delhi, Haryana, U.P, M.P, Maharastra, Tellangana, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil nadu,