User talk:Wd14bt/the cultural and linguistic backgrounds content of the Context section

Welcome to Wikipedia editing. Best wishes with your project. --LynnMcCleary (talk) 21:35, 8 September 2014 (UTC).

Initial Discussion and Critique

Hello everyone, if you have some questions or thoughts about this topic, please, you can share here. Thank you. Wd14bt (talk)

Hello everyone, the article does not have any information about "Cultural and Linguistic Backgrounds". As a result, this articles is not good source to acquire information. In this process is necessary to find another sources (articles and books) to have information about the topic. I will try to find some articles, which are related with this topic, to review and summarize, so they can be used to add information in this page. As soon as possible that I find the articles, I will add the links here. Thank you. Wd14bt (talk) — Preceding undated comment added 03:40, 16 September 2014 (UTC)

Hey group, For the article Interpersonal Communication under the subheading Context where our topic is found there is no information about this topic and therefore it makes this article a bad source of information on this specific topic. I agree with wd14bt that in order to edit this article to put in details about Cultural and Linguistic Background we will all need to find creditable sources that relate to this topic and have information on it so we can add information on it. Then we can take the time to add in our ideas all together on our talk page, edit them together and move them onto the Interpersonal Communication article. Kd14hf (talk) 20:58, 16 September 2014 (UTC)

Hi everyone, our group don't really have a sub topic to edit on " Cultural and Linguistic Background" because its empty therefor we really need to find some resources to look at. Jf13jo (talk) 15:56, 16 September 2014 (UTC)

I took some time to reread over the Interpersonal Communication article a few times and found that under the subheading Identity Management Theory there is a subsection that generally relates to how culture influences how people control their identity and how others recognize the difference in cultures and find different ways to display themselves in order to communicate. It states how people find different ways to deal with how different cultural relations occur. I found this interesting toward our topic of Cultural and Linguistic Background in relation to interpersonal communication and thought that this might be a subsection for us to refer to as well. Kd14hf (talk) 21:33, 16 September 2014 (UTC)

hey guys the online library can be use to find excellent source for our topic. I totally agree with Wd14bt that we need to come up with our source fast and quick and I think the sooner we have the source the more time we could put into this article. 'Cultural and Linguistic Background' sounds very interesting since we live in a very diverse country and I am really excited about this topic User:Jf13jo Jf13jo (talk) — Preceding undated comment added 04:00, 17 September 2014 (UTC)

Hey everyone, This article does not have any information about our topic "Cultural and Linguistic Backgrounds." While reading the "Interpersonal Communication" page under "Identity Management Theory" I found information about how culture influences peoples identity and effects how they communicate with each other as "Kd14hf" pointed out earlier. I believe this could be a good reference point for us when we begin to edit our article. Also, in Chapter 2 of "Interplay" on page 8 there is more in depth information about how culture and norms shape our identities and perception of others. This subsection also looks at culture differences in the use of language, context and silence. I believe that this is also a creditable resource to gather information from as well. Cf13za (talk) 19:28, 17 September 2014 (UTC)

Maybe you'll want to edit two parts of the article - this and the context section? It's up to you. Whatever will be coherent and improve information about culture and interpersonal relationships. LynnMcCleary (talk) 18:36, 23 September 2014 (UTC)

Hello everyone, I agree with all thoughts because they are important and necessary to use in this context. As a result, let's meet and make a schedule how to write the sub-points about this subject. Thank you. Willian Dullius (wd14bt) (talk) — Preceding undated comment added 20:01, 20 September 2014 (UTC)

Lynn's comments re: initial discussion and critique

This is a good start. I like that some of you have looked beyond the missing information. You do need to figure out how your new content will be coherent with what is already on the page. What's already there can give you some ideas about what you may want to achieve in terms of the good article criteria. What you might do similarly or differently in your approach. I don't see any comment or critique of the context introduction. That is highly relevant to your assignment. Does this introduction contribute to the article reaching good article status? Why? LynnMcCleary (talk) 18:36, 23 September 2014 (UTC)

I agree with Lynn that there should be a critique done on the context introductory paragraph and an edit done on it. However we will have to work with other groups who also have a topic under this heading in order to get to an agreement on how we want this paragraph to be set up. Kd14hf (talk) 18:20, 25 September 2014 (UTC)

Please the signature editing symbols to sign your posts. I'm pleased that you're all identifying yourselves but in order to be able to track who contributed what, when, and link this to our course page, I need you to be logged in and use the signature that adds your name and the date. You can either click on the short cut (at the bottom of the edit box or the pencil at the top of the edit box) or you can type in 4 tildes (the ~ symbols). Thank you. This would be greatly appreciated. LynnMcCleary (talk) 18:36, 23 September 2014 (UTC)

Goals

Doing some research will help you decide what to include in your edits. You also need to agree on goals or objectives for your editing. It's time for you to come together with these goals before you do too much research. --LynnMcCleary (talk) 18:38, 23 September 2014 (UTC)

Credible Sources

Hello guys,

Muñoz, C. C., & Luckmann, J. (2005). Transcultural communication in nursing / Cora C. Muñoz, Joan Luckmann. Clifton Park, NY : Thomson/Delmar Learning, c2005. This book has a whole chapter on major health beliefs it also discusses how cultural similarities affect behavior. Cultural diversity; in other words, describe factors other than culture that dedicate how each individual within a culture haves which also explain alot in this book.Jf13jo (talk) 17:17, 14 October 2014 (UTC)

Gudykunst, W. B., Ting-Toomey, S., & Chua, E. (1988). Culture and interpersonal communication / William B. Gudykunst and Stella Ting-Toomey with Elizabeth Chua. Beverly Hills, Calif. : Sage Publications, c1988. This book link culture to interpersonal communication theoretically. It present a theoretical framework that linked cultural variability to situational factors in interpersonal communication. Jf13jo (talk) 17:17, 14 October 2014 (UTC)

Giffin, K., & Patton, B. R. (1971). Fundamentals of interpersonal communication [by] Kim Giffin [and] Bobby R. Patton. --. New York : Harper & Row, [1971]. This book speak about different cultures having different norms of human interaction and also how one can develop better interpersonal communication. (jf13jo) Jf13jo (talk) 02:08, 1 October 2014 (UTC)

Jf13jo, please add the citations for the sources (see the information I posted in the forums section of Sakai). You need a couple of sentences for each source to let the group know how it might contribute to your group's learning.LynnMcCleary (talk) 15:33, 29 September 2014 (UTC)

Hello everyone. Below are my references.

1- Communicating with culturally and linguistically diverse patients in a acute care setting: nurse's experiences by Jane Cioffi. It has some concepts about cross-cultural nursing practice; link: http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy.library.brocku.ca/eds/detail/detail?vid=2&sid=6e13dace-e076-4caa-b75f-3094ad1d2b2f@sessionmgr112&hid=115&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ==#db=a9h&AN=9142857

2- Communicating for Better Care by Marina Burke, Jeremy Boal, and Ruth Mitchell. It has some concepts about health professionals to communicate with their clients; link: http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy.library.brocku.ca/eds/detail/detail?vid=4&sid=6e13dace-e076-4caa-b75f-3094ad1d2b2f%40sessionmgr112&hid=109&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.29746230

3- Nurse-patient interaction and communication: A systematic literature review by Steffen Fleischer. It has some concepts about communication (definition), nurse-patient relationship and communication, and structures of communication. link: http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy.library.brocku.ca/eds/detail/detail?vid=6&sid=6e13dace-e076-4caa-b75f-3094ad1d2b2f%40sessionmgr112&hid=109&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#db=psyh&AN=2009-16742-005

These specification are simple, so I will post later my summary about these articles. Thank you. Willian Dullius (wd14bt) (talk) 21:08, 29 September 2014 (UTC)

Willian Dullius (wd14bt), the first source is a research study - making it a primary source, not a secondary source. You could perhaps find more sources from the reference lists of your other sources or your group mates might have suggestions from their reference lists. Another option is to ask me or a librarian for assistance. LynnMcCleary (talk) 01:16, 8 October 2014 (UTC)

Hey guys, theses are my sources for the article and a brief description of what I found useful from them:

• My first source is a book called Interpersonal Communication: A Cultural Approach. There were multiple chapters that I found useful from this book which included information on the different ways that Culture affects relationships, communication, listening, and conflict. It also discusses how language and culture are interdependent on one another, which means that they are connected and influence one another. These are two of the main topics in are article, linguistics (the study of language) and culture. Chapter 1 began by attempting to define interpersonal communication by dividing it into different sections to fully explain it. One of the sections they used to define interpersonal communication was the word "context" which is the heading for our specific topic. They give us a brief explanation as to what this word means and I thought this could be useful for the opening paragraph of the "context" section.
  • — Corbin, C. White, D. (2008). "Interpersonal Communication: A Cultural Approach." Sydney, NS. Cape Breton University Press

• My second source is another book called "A Cultural Approach to Interpersonal Communication". From this source I looked at chapter two and found a specific article which talks about the different parts of linguistics that make up the structure of it in relation to communicating. I thought that this might be useful when defining linguistics and defining language and trying to determine how language has an influence on how people have interpersonal communications with one another. They look at it as a linguistic triangle and divide it into three different sections which all have a connection and influence each other.
  • —Monaghan, L. Goodman, J.E. (2007). A Cultural Approach to Interpersonal Communication. Malden, MA. Blackwell Publishing

• My third source is another book which is called Communication Between Cultures. This source goes into very great detail about cultures and the relationship between culture and communication. What I thought would be useful from this book was that they attempt to define culture and they also explain the different elements that culture has in relation to communicating. As well it has information on the characteristics of culture in relation to this topic as well. I thought this would give us an understanding into the cultural background of communication and we could use it to relate to our topic of interpersonal communication.
  • —Samovar, L.A. Porter, R.E. McDaniel, E.R. (2009) Communication Between Cultures. Boston, MA. Wadsworth CENGAGE Learning

If you have any concerns with any of my sources please reply back to me here and let me know, as well if any of you happen to have the same sources as me let me know as well so we can communicate to find other sources.
Kd14hf (talk) 17:29, 30 September 2014 (UTC)

Hello guys below are the sources that I found to be good credible sources.

My first source is a book called "Intercultural Interaction." The main focus of this book is different approaches that can be taken to Intercultural Communication. What I found helpful about this was it went in depth about communication across cultures. I think it would give us a good understanding of the different kinds of communication in cultures. Also the book talks about developing competence about intercultural communication which could help us have a better understanding of our topic before we start editing our page.

• • —Spencer-Oaty, Helen, and Peter Franklin. Intercultural Interaction. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. Print.

My second source is an book titled "Intercultural communication: a contextual approach." This book is very helpful for our page because it talks about the cultural context of communication. I think this would help us understand the context section on interpersonal communication better as well as help us apply context to our topic of culture and linguistics. The book also gives a good definition of linguistics which could help us have a greater understanding of our topic.

• • —Neuliep, James W. Intercultural Communication: A Contextual Approach. 4th Ed. ed. Los Angeles: Sage, 2009. Print.

My third source is an online academic journal called "Theorizing Difference In Intercultural Communication: A Critical Dialogic Perspective." This article is helpful for our page because it goes into detail about different aspects that effect communication in cultures. This could help us gain different perspectives on what aspects in culture effect interpersonal communication when we begin to edit our page. Also it provides different definitions of intercultural communication that we could use on our wiki page.

• • —Xu, Kaibin. "Communication Monographs." Theorizing Difference in Intercultural Communication: A Critical Dialogic Perspective Vol 80.No. 3 (2013): 379-97. Print.

These are the sources that I found helpful for this assignment. If anyone has any concerns please let me know.

Cf13za (talk) 14:39, 1 October 2014 (UTC)

Some suggestions from Lynn for the group You have some great sources here. You have the potential to get overwhelmed and sidetracked. Just try to keep your reading focused on information that's relevant to add about context of communication. I advise you to think about the communication model we learned about the first week. Also, think about what context means. The book Communication for nurses: How to prevent harmful events and promote safety was identified by Kh13zl in another group. Pages 24 and 25 have information about context. It's available on Google books http://books.google.ca/books?id=HW_2AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA24&lpg=PA24&dq=communication+context+includes&source=bl&ots=mNXXrV05tQ&sig=ZYceN4YJIrV9KOetfyBr_5UdWSc&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uYw0VN6lNNH_yQSxsoKYBQ&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q=communication%20context%20includes&f=false LynnMcCleary (talk) 01:48, 8 October 2014 (UTC)

Professor suggestions for summarizing and collaborating

Willian Dullius (wd14bt), Kd14hf, Jf13jo, Cf13za you’ve got some great sources. Some of your sources are written for academic audiences typically well beyond first year of university. You may want to find other sources when you start summarizing. Your reference lists in your existing sources might be good for that.

As I’ve already mentioned, I think you have the potential to get overwhelmed or take on more than is necessary for this assignment. Setting goals would help – though you need some openness to changing them if your learning from your reading suggests that something else would be more relevant or more manageable. I have some suggestions for you for your next steps – to help you keep your work manageable and within the scope of this assignment. Keep your expectations of yourselves reasonable. You may need to find sources that are easier for you to understand. You cannot summarize entire books, so you’ll have to focus on parts that you think are most relevant and easy to comprehend.

See the course page for information about your tasks due October 22.

Thinking about the communication model we learned about the first week of class might help you focus and organize your information.

Your summaries should be between 250 and at most 400 words for each source. Try not to make them long. If there aren’t 250 words worth of information in your source, don't blather on to fill space. I am looking for summaries I can understand and that are logical and coherent. You'll need to really focus in on the heart of the relevant findings. You should be aiming to tell your group members what the key messages are in your sources and how you think the information fits or doesn't fit with the article (it's okay if you logically determine that it wouldn't add to the article). If there is repetition within your sources, you should note that. Hopefully there is. Each summary should have a citation that is acceptable for Wikipedia and that has the information needed for a reader to verify your interpretation by finding your source. Links that only work within the university aren’t user friendly for me or your group members. If there is information that you can’t paraphrase, indicate quotes with quotation marks and page numbers.

When you've got your summaries done, hopefully there will be some themes and repetition among your summaries. Your job then is to collaboratively decide on what deserves to be suggested as an edit for the article and craft summaries of what your group found that could be incorporated in the article. That might be citations for information that is already there or new information. Discuss why your new information is relevant to the article. You need to collaborate on this. One way to help with collaboration is to name each other in your discussion. Use threaded discussion. Headings might help you to organized your discussion and get you to something you can justify adding to the Wikipedia article.

I can copy your article over to your sandbox so you can practice editing before you make any suggestions to the editors of the wikipedia article. If you want me to do that, let me know by email or by using my user name in a response to this post. As always, I'm available to guide you.

Don’t forget that you need to work on the introduction for the context section. You can’t leave it as is with no citations. You can come up with something as a group and suggest it. You’ll eventually have to negotiate with the other groups who are working on this section – but you need to take a stab at it yourselves.

Don't forget to sign your posts. I look up your contributions by user name for grading. If you don't sign your posts, you won't get credit for them when I'm grading.LynnMcCleary (talk) 00:35, 10 October 2014 (UTC)

Summaries and Discussion

Hello everyone, I am posting my "summary" from the articles. I am not sure if it is correct, so we need to have a meet (when possible) to talk about all summaries. Thank you.

1- In the article “Culture’s Effects on Pain Assessment and Management by Mary Curry Narayan (2010) describe some aspects in the process to treat and manage a client during the process of pain. Although illness demonstrated some specific aspects to care, cultural and linguistic aspects of the patient must be considered relevant all the time. As a result, the cultural paradigms draw the correct methods to understand and act in all situations, which can be demanded. Indeed, culture has an important influence in the process of prevention - promotion diseases and treatment- care - helping the illness process so that these factors must be influenced by the person’s beliefs. According to Narayan (2010) an example of the cultural influences in the process to attend a client is that “it influences how each person experiences and responds to pain, including when and how to ask for treatment (pg. 40).” Nevertheless, nurses must be conscious about the client cultural aspects because it will manage the client’s care. Also, before, during, and after the treatment/care some cultural aspects can do some influences to decrease the environmental aspects between a nurse - patient. Some of these aspects are: “language and interpretation problems”, which has focus in the language deficit, where second language demonstrate a barrier in the treatment although it cannot be a problem if it has a translate or health professional who speaks the client’s language; “nonverbal communication problem”, which is a fundamental key factor in the treatment because body language does a roll process all time to care; “underreporting”, which describes the client’s thoughts about a correct personality/comportment during the treatment because some clients think that a good patient is who does not bother the health professional for simple aspects. This fact can be interpreted how a cultural factor where some communities have this fact in the educational process (Narayan/2010). In fact, culture is an important part of a person’s identity where the person grow up understanding the general aspects of the life with his/her thoughts/views, so Narayan (2010) reinforces the principles of the patient-centered care movement such as “1- understand the patient as a unique person; 2- explore the patient’s experience of illness and pain (if present); 3- perceive the illness management from the patient’s perspective; and 4- promote shared decision making and adapt care to meet the patient’s need and expectations (pg.43).” To understand the key factor, it promotes the correct and adequate method to help the client. Likewise, people can change their cultural norms when it is necessary because nurses teach their clients so there must make an informed choice. This choice increases the evaluation of the treatment and a successful promotion the client’s process. Another fact in this process is to use the LEARN, which is a fundamental method to use in the client’s attainment, means five factors in the process to cure a patient, so these factors are to listen, explain, acknowledge, recommend, and negotiate. It demonstrates to be a simple, although this method is fundamental because the nurse can understand different fact, in the client’s culture, which can contribute to treat or had contributed to the illness is present.

2- In the article “Nurse-patient interaction and communication: A systematic literature review” by Steffen Fleischer, Almuth Berg, Markus Zimmermann, et al. (2009) demonstrates different concepts in the process of communication. It involves more than cultural and linguistic aspect, but all the factors present in the client. Also, communication can be seen as a dynamic, complex, and context-related ongoing multivariate process in which the experiences of the participants (for example the nurse and client) are shared. In addition, culture does a strong process of dependence on communication, which helps in the process of exchange information in the objective to transmit ideas, feelings, and specific situation present in the person’s mind. Therefore, communication constitutes an important part of the quality of nursing care and predominantly influences patient and resident satisfaction; it is a core element of nursing care, a fundamentally required nursing skill. All the processes are developed during the process of care, and these factors are compiled by nurses daily because it needs to have time and amend day by day. Still, language can be expressed in different aspects although the most common process is the verbal and nonverbal communication. Hence, body language does a key factor in the process to communicate and interact which other. For example, the nurse-patient relationship is primarily mediated by verbal and nonverbal communication, so both aspects need to be understood. Although client can have a lack of knowledge in the language process, it can difficult in the process of communication (Fleischer, Berg, Zimmermann, et al., 2009). Instead, these facts are reinforced by Fleischer, Berg, Zimmermann, et al. (2009) “a minimal mutual compatibility of the communicators’ realities like language has to be existent to achieve a successful exchange of information between nurse and patient (pg. 350).” In fact, culture does a key role in the communication, which works in the language communication. Nurses should understand these facts about the culture and methods to communicate, so they can promote a correct and satisfied treatment for the client in the process to care.

3- In the article “Communication for Better Care – Improving nurse-physician communication” by Marina Burke, Jeremy Boal, and Ruth Mitchell (2004) explains the factor where communication is more than a client and health professional, so this process is fundamental between health professionals (nursing and physicians). When a deficit the communication among providers occurs, it develops conditions for acrimony, frustration, and distrust, which can lead to inferior care and a greater risk of error. It can be seen an unfamiliar factor although lack of communication must develop problems in the process to care. Burke, Boal, and Mitchell (20014) emphasizes “it is important to note that there are many problems related to communication and collaboration that can only be fixed with broader changes in systems (pg. 43).” The language problems between professionals and, also, clients must be avoided. As a consequence, some aspects, which are necessary, promote better communication are: 1- health professionals are a unique team; 2- nurses and physician are equal when it comes to care the client, so superiority must be avoided; 3- nurses and physicians talk face to face, so this process promotes better communication and minimize situations not understood; and, 4- good news about the client’s process must provide an evaluation in the process of care and environment present. These are simple methods to promote better care and communication in general life process, so every professional needs to understand and begins promoting it.

Please, if you have some questions or/and thoughts to add, let me know. Thank you. Willian Dullius (wd14bt) (talk) 20:22, 15 October 2014 (UTC)

Here is what I found would be useful to our topic, if anyone has any comments or suggestions on what we should or should not use from my summaries please feel free to comment. I also agree with User:Wd14bt that we should meet together to further discuss what to include.

• A book written by Samovar, Porter, and McDaniel in 2009 called “Communication Between Cultures” makes an effort to define the concept of culture and the different aspects that make up culture as well as explain the relationship between cultures and communication amongst people. Samovar, et al. first begin by stating how “communication is contextual”(p. 18) and can be divided into the different contextual subsections such as culture, environment, time, and others; all of which influence how we communicate with others and how we perceive the messages being said while communicating. The subsection Cultural Context is said to be one of the largest components of communication because there is a large variety of cultures worldwide in which all do not follow the same practices in relation to communicating. Touching as a sense of greeting, for example is a form of communicating in some cultures that is seen differently in other cultures that are against touching. Next, Samovar, et al. begin to explain the definition of culture how they see it and they found that the definition written by Triandis was favoured which states “Culture is a set of human-made objective and subjective elements that in the past have increased the probability of a survival and resulted in satisfaction for the participants in an ecological niche, and thus became shared among those who could communicate with each other because they had a common language and they lived in the same time and place.”(As seen by Samovar, et al. (2009), p. 23) This definition of culture was favoured because it signifies the fact that culture is human-made. Lastly, Samovar, et al. states the five major elements of culture that affect communication between human beings, which are history, religion, values, social organizations, and language. Differences between these elements helps to establish people from different cultures and how they may differ in communicating. (p. 24-26)

I really think the 5 major elements part of this summary are interesting. I think they should be included on the actual page because they are important factors when looking at things that affect the communication process. They also give a good, clear definition of what culture means to different people. Cf13za (talk) 21:50, 24 October 2014 (UTC)

• An article written by Robin T. Lakoff called “The Triangle of Linguistic Structure” is found in the book “A Cultural Approach to Interpersonal Communication” edited by Monaghan and Goodman, which uses a triangle diagram in attempts to define the components of linguistics. According to Lakoff, “The essential properties of language are form, meaning, and function”, however they can not be seen as individual concepts when looking at language and communicating, they all influence one another.(p.128-129) The first component, form, includes phonology and lexicon, meaning that it focuses on the sounds and words while communicating and the relationship between words and the sentences that can be put together from those words that make sense. Thus meaning that form is connected to the second component, which is meaning. In cultures we have established specific meanings for words and sentences that are put together. For example the word “table” has been agreed upon specifically to mean a hard object used to place objects on when communicating with others. The last component, which is function, and by this they mean that the words and sentences that are put across from one person to another and have been put together with meaning are connected to understand why a person is communicating. Or in other words, “what they hope to achieve by talking, the relation between the form they choose and the effect they want it to have”(p. 130).

• The book “Interpersonal Communication: A Cultural Approach” written by Corbin, and White in 2008 begins by attempting to define the words “interpersonal communication”, which to them means “communication between people” (p. 15). This could mean both between two people, which is the most common form of interpersonal communication but it can also occur between groups of three or more people. However, in bigger groups there may be instances where interpersonal communication is occurring between one or two people within that group. Another aspect of interpersonal communication is context, the word context meaning “the environment or situation in which the interaction takes place. That includes the time and the place and the background of the participants.” (p. 18). There are also different forms of context that relate to how people communicate, such as the history that people bring into the conversation and as well as the cultural context that people bring in. According to Corbin, and White these contexts “profoundly shape our interactions.” (p. 19) In relation to this, people must expect that there are going to be differences between these contexts amongst different groups of people because people get their sources of information from different places and different people. Most people attempt to find relationships with people based off of things that they have in common, such as culture and language. However, we live in a time where multiculture is an important factor and people must understand that not everyone will have the same language, values, beliefs as them and they might think slightly different things when communicating. Thus “the more different our cultural backgrounds are, the more different our communication styles will be.” (p. 32) Next, Corbin and White begin to explain the different affects culture has on our communication and interactions with other people. To begin they state that culture influences are self-disclosure, and as well as our trust for other people. In some cultures it is seen as good to expressive themselves and to create conflict with others. Where in others, people withhold telling people certain aspects about themselves. (p. 73) Next, they state that culture has an influence on our listening skills, for some people the language barrier from culture to culture causes it to be different to listen and understand what is being said. As well as in some cultures eye contact is not always essential and those that do use it may find it hard to talk or listen to someone who is not looking at them. (p. 106) Lastly, they state that culture and language are linked closely to one another, that people have created their own languages within their cultures in order to establish what is important to them. These languages can be used but when it comes to someone from outside of that culture they may not understand what it means. In most cases “when you change a language, you change a culture.” (p. 114).

Kd14hf (talk) 19:02, 19 October 2014 (UTC)

I think this is important to add into our section especially the part that says culture influences self disclosure. Self disclosure is a big factor in nursing, as well as in communication so I think it would enhance the page. I also like how this article talks about language in cultures. Understanding and listening to languages and the way people speak, it a vital part to communication, and when editing the page it is important to add languages role in communication. Cf13za (talk) 21:50, 24 October 2014 (UTC)

Here are my summaries. If anything is unclear, or needs to be discussed further let me know. I agree we should all meet up and talk about our summaries.

This source is Chapter 2 in the book Intercultural Communication: a contextual approach. Neuliep, James W.. "Chapter 2 ."Intercultural communication: a contextual approach. 4th ed. London: Sage, 2009. 38-43. Print.

According to this chapter the cultural context of communication is one of the most important ways that we communicate. Culture is the framework for how we organize our thoughts, emotions and behaviors in relation to the environment. According to Neuliep (2009) cultures teaches one how to think, how to feel and how to act. He argued that this was the basis for then learning how to interact with others about culture. In others words, learning these skills are the basis for communicating with people with different cultures. Neuliep (2009) went on to say that culture influences our thoughts, feelings and actions, and when we are communicating we should be aware of this. It is important to understand a persons background, and ideas and beliefs when we try and interpret their behaviors. People from others cultures come together and exchange thoughts, values, emotions and behaviors that were cultivated by culture. These messages are transmitted to other people and we must decode it and communicate back to them appropriately either with non verbal or verbal communication. Therefore it is important to understand how people interact in cultures so that we can cultivate an appropriate response. Cf13za (talk) 15:23, 20 October 2014 (UTC)

I think that understanding that cultural context is important in relation to communication is an important comment that should be made within our article because culture is a major element in everyday life and there are differences amongst people everywhere. Therefore learning how to communicate with people from other cultures is important. In that sense, I also think that the end of this summary which states that decoding messages and learning how to communicate properly using both verbal and non verbal behaviour is something that should be interpreted into our article.Kd14hf (talk) 00:52, 23 October 2014 (UTC)

This next source is a academic journal that I found. Bearskin, R. L. Bourque. "A critical lens on culture in nursing practice." Nursing Ethics18.4 (2011): 548-559. Print.

This article goes into depth about cultural competence. Bourque (2011) goes into detail by saying that understanding culture in important in the nursing field. It is important to understand the skills, knowledge and attitudes required to provide care to someone with cultural differences. She stated that many nurses are not sensitive to other people with other cultures and that leads them to say some destructive things to the patient. It is important to be understanding to the patient that his/ her beliefs might be different from ones own believes and nurses must be sensitive about this so that they can communicate more efficiently. Bourque (2011) stated that professionals must learn how to communicate effectively with people of other cultures to promote ethically sound care. In addition culture has a strong dependence on communication. It is essential that we are able to communicate with individuals who have different beliefs so that we understand their thought process, and to understand them on a more personal level. Bourque (2011) stressed the importance of cultural safety which is the recognition of social, economic and political positions of individuals. She said that nurses must pay attention to this to ensure that professionals are aware of how to communicate with them. She said this can be done in stages the first stage is cultural awareness, then cultural knowledge, cultural skill, cultural encounter, and then cultural desire. It is important to understand these stages so that you can work effectively in cross cultural situations. Cf13za (talk) 15:23, 20 October 2014 (UTC)

Smith, Linda S.. "Reaching for cultural competence." Nursing 43.6 (2013): 30-37. Print.

In this article Smith (2013) argued the importance in cultural competence when communicating with individuals. This means understanding that every person is unique in their own beliefs, thoughts and ethics and we must understand this before engaging in personal communication with them. While engaging in communication with a individual, or specifically a patient it is important to ask about the patients beliefs, values, attitudes and assumptions so that you are able to adapt and respond appropriately. In nursing, Smith (2013) argued that cultural competence means respecting the role that culture plays in their health. She stated that nurse should complete a cultural competence self assessment that asks yourselves about what we did when communicating to provide good patient care. Overall it is most important to understand that each patient is unique, and we must recognize this when communicating with them. Cf13za (talk) 15:23, 20 October 2014 (UTC)

I think that the beginning of this summary would be really important for our article when thinking about cultural competence and commenting on the fact that people are unique for specific reasons and that those differences should be recognized when engaging in interpersonal communication. Kd14hf (talk) 00:52, 23 October 2014 (UTC)

These are my summaries 1) A book called culture and interpersonal communication written by Gudykunst/Ting-Toomey in 1998 discusses communication as the exchange of message and dialogue with one or more person. People communicate by phone, text messages, hand gesture and body movement to get their comments and responds across.Communication can be affected by the way we speak and our cultural backgrounds. The book emphasize one side of the reciprocal relationship between communication and culture in a vacuum. This book use a social cognitive approach to the interpersonal communication Miller and steinberg(1975) assume that when people communicate, they make predictions about the effects or outcomes of their communication behaviours; that is they chose among various communication strategies on a basis of predictions about how the person receiving the message will respond. When Interacting with others rules emerge that govern communication (pg. 21). If the interaction is based on the cultural or sociological data, the rules generally are understood by member of the culture or group. It should be noted that the sender and receiver of the communication do not always agree on the issue intentionally. Two potential communication problem result when the intended receiver of a message fails to attribute meaning behavior when the sender did not intend to communicate.( Steinberg and miller, 1975). Even though these problems exist, they should label “communication.” The way people deal with each other is called interpersonal relationship.

I think the emphasis on how many different channels there are for people to communicate is an important fact that should be added, because people interacting from different cultural backgrounds and those with different languages can communicate from more than just face-to-face but from things such as the phone, email, etc. And there can still be communication differences from those channels. I also think that commenting on the fact that the way we speak and the language we speak and the culture we are from affects the way we speak to others in interpersonal communications. Kd14hf (talk) 00:52, 23 October 2014 (UTC)

2)A book written by Cora Munoz & Joan Luckmann in 2005 called Transcultural communication in Nursing. Communicating with patients from different cultures may be complicated by the nurse lack of knowledge, bias, ethnocentrism, prejudice, stereotyping and perception and expectation. There are several ways nurses learn more about specific cultures. first of all.you could attend workshops and seminar that provide valuable information about transcultural nursing, bais, ethnocentrism, prejudice and stereotyping are barriers to transcultural communication because each act to distort our perception of other cultures(Urden, Stacey, & Lough, 2001). In this book bias is define as the tendency to view one`s own cultural values as better than the cultural values of other people. According to Agar (1996), it is possible for nurses to completely overcome their personal biases to consciousness and then try to control those biases when working with patients (karoko,1992).(pg 161-165) Overcoming the tendency to stereotype people from different cultures is also very important. Catch yourself before you make statement such as “all black do this…,”” Mexican always do that..,” and ”native american s never understand this.” In addition, gently correct other nurses when make stereotypical statement about patients with different racial or ethnic backgrounds. The book went deeper on ways of overcoming language barriers. Communication between nurses and patient speaks about how difficult it can be to explain hospital policies and questioning patients of medical history and assessing symptoms.

3)The book fundamentals of interpersonal communication by Kim Griffin and Bobby R.Patton has a whole section on complying with culture norm. This section went in depth on different cultures and they having their own way of interactions. Compliance with cultural norms. Formal, informal, and technical is a very important use of interpersonal communication in order to fulfill social expectations.It is very important to acknowledge the presence of others. To get benefit from a relationship from others with communication can be very difficult because of our culture or even the way in which we speak. most people think that their culture is the right way to behave or communicate, so they normally think others as being obnoxious. Interpersonal communication is used to fulfill social expectation by acknowledging the presence of others, acknowledge the nature of social situation,clarifying the nature of a relationship with another person, and complying with cultural norms in a given situation. Negotiating with others are example of interpersonal communication.Negotiation is to meet one needs for personal development, personal enjoyment, and for fulfilling social expectation. A lot of people think that when one speak a different language they are not intelligent as they are. These factors are due to the fact that they are unable to understand them. Most people speak English but sometimes they have an accent. If communication is concerned with the process of sending and receiving messages,intrinsic to human communication is concerned the attempt to interchange meanings. Aspect communication is important because arguments or disagreements may arise simply because one can use a word one way and someone can receive it in a different way because of cultures. Jf13jo (talk) 03:28, 21 October 2014 (UTC)

--SUMMARIES DISCUSSIONS---

I agree with Wd14bt , culture does a strong process of dependence on communication, which helps in the process of exchange information in the objective to transmit ideas, feelings, and specific situation present in the person’s mind. we all have wonderful sources and I am excited to merge the best of the best from the summaries. Jf13jo (talk) 03:02, 25 October 2014 (UTC)

Hello everyone, we have finished to do the summary and added it in the user page. It is almost done, so now it is necessary to move to main page. If necessary to do some changes, let's do it. Thank you. Willian Dullius (wd14bt) (talk) 18:55, 4 November 2014 (UTC)

Revised Edits

Hello guys, Kd14hf Jf13jo Wd14bt thought I'd just post in here some of the ideas I have for the last and final edits of the page. I was looking at the feedback given to us on the actual page, and a lot of it included getting rid of some unneeded information. I think that the first paragraph could be taken out because interpersonal communication was already defined on the article page therefore we are just repeating ourselves. Also,Lynn's comment about organizing it by culture and then linguistics would be a better idea. I think we should first shorten the culture definition then state all the information that we have about communication in culture then talk about linguistics after, this would probably make it easier for people to read. Lastly, I think it would be a good idea to get rid communication with other health professionals sub heading because as Lynn pointed out it doesn't fit in with the topic. These are my suggestions so let me know what you think! Cf13za (talk) 02:24, 19 November 2014 (UTC)