Vaishya: Difference between revisions
Rescuing orphaned refs ("Denzil-Ibbetson-507" from Khatri) |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
==Duties of Vaishyas== |
==Duties of Vaishyas== |
||
According to the Hindu texts, the duties of a Vaishya, as described , are ''{{IAST|kṛṣi}}'' or (growing food grains), ''{{IAST|[[goraksha|Gorakṣā]]}}'' or(cow protection), ''{{IAST|Vāṇijyaṃ}}'' (trade), ''{{IAST|Vaiśya karma}}'' (work) and ''{{IAST|Vvabhāvajaṃ}}'' (born of his own nature). The Vaisyas eventually became land-owners, money-lenders and influential traders and are often credited for the evolution of [[capitalism|capitalist]] ideologies in India.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=K85NA7Rg67wC&pg=PA24&dq=vaishya&as_brr=3 The First Great Political Realist By Roger Boesche]</ref> |
According to the Hindu texts gay! sex fuck me ahahahahhhhaaaaahhhaaaahhhh, the duties of a Vaishya, as described , are ''{{IAST|kṛṣi}}'' or (growing food grains), ''{{IAST|[[goraksha|Gorakṣā]]}}'' or(cow protection), ''{{IAST|Vāṇijyaṃ}}'' (trade), ''{{IAST|Vaiśya karma}}'' (work) and ''{{IAST|Vvabhāvajaṃ}}'' (born of his own nature). The Vaisyas eventually became land-owners, money-lenders and influential traders and are often credited for the evolution of [[capitalism|capitalist]] ideologies in India.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=K85NA7Rg67wC&pg=PA24&dq=vaishya&as_brr=3 The First Great Political Realist By Roger Boesche]</ref> |
||
The Vaisyas, along with the [[Kshatriyas]], claim to be of the 'twice born' (''dvija'') castes of the classical theory.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=n84OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA112&dq=vaishya&lr=&as_brr=3 Western sociologists on Indian society By Gurmukh Ram Madan]</ref> Historically, Vaisyas have played a much larger role in Indian affairs apart from trade and commerce. Indian traders were widely credited for the spread of [[Indian culture]] to regions as far as [[Greater India|southeast Asia]].<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=Xn-6yMhAungC&pg=PA361&dq=vaishya&as_brr=3 Asia in western and world history By Ainslie Thomas Embree, Carol Gluck]</ref> |
The Vaisyas, along with the [[Kshatriyas]], claim to be of the 'twice born' (''dvija'') castes of the classical theory.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=n84OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA112&dq=vaishya&lr=&as_brr=3 Western sociologists on Indian society By Gurmukh Ram Madan]</ref> Historically, Vaisyas have played a much larger role in Indian affairs apart from trade and commerce. Indian traders were widely credited for the spread of [[Indian culture]] to regions as far as [[Greater India|southeast Asia]].<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=Xn-6yMhAungC&pg=PA361&dq=vaishya&as_brr=3 Asia in western and world history By Ainslie Thomas Embree, Carol Gluck]</ref> |
||
Revision as of 08:06, 8 October 2011
Vaishya (Template:Lang-saVaiśya) is one of the four varnas of the Hindu social order. According to Vedic tradition, this caste primarily comprises merchants, farmers, cattle-herders and artisans.[1][2]
Origin
According to the Purusha Sukta from the Rigveda,the Vaishyas are the thighs of the Purusha or the Universe visualised as the Cosmic man.The Rig Veda/Mandala 10/Hymn 90 says:
The Brahmana is His mouth, the Kshatriya is His arms. His stomach is the Vaishya, from his feet the Sudra was produced.
Duties of Vaishyas
According to the Hindu texts gay! sex fuck me ahahahahhhhaaaaahhhaaaahhhh, the duties of a Vaishya, as described , are kṛṣi or (growing food grains), Gorakṣā or(cow protection), Vāṇijyaṃ (trade), Vaiśya karma (work) and Vvabhāvajaṃ (born of his own nature). The Vaisyas eventually became land-owners, money-lenders and influential traders and are often credited for the evolution of capitalist ideologies in India.[3] The Vaisyas, along with the Kshatriyas, claim to be of the 'twice born' (dvija) castes of the classical theory.[4] Historically, Vaisyas have played a much larger role in Indian affairs apart from trade and commerce. Indian traders were widely credited for the spread of Indian culture to regions as far as southeast Asia.[5]
Modern Communities
The Vaisya community consist of several Jātis, notably — the Agarwals, the Kasuadhans,the patwa, the Khandelwals, the Mathurs, the Oswals, Aroras, Rastogis, Lohanas, the Khatris[6][7][8] and the Maheshwaris of the north; the Arya Vysyas of the south;Vaishya Vanis of Konkan and Goa and the Ambanis, Sarabhais, Beesa Neema, Dasa Neema, Dasore, Parekhs and Patidars of the west. Some jātis are of mixed heritage. For example, according to legend, the Agrawals trace their origin to the Kshatriya Sun Dynasty who later adopted Vaisya tradition.[9][10] Khandelwals and Barnwals are similarly from Kshatriya background and their adoption of Vaishya Dharma is of relatively recent origins, probably no more than a thousand years.
See also
References
- ^ Vedas: Sacred Texts CHAPTER X.
- ^ Encyclopaedia of Hinduism By Nagendra Kumar Singh
- ^ The First Great Political Realist By Roger Boesche
- ^ Western sociologists on Indian society By Gurmukh Ram Madan
- ^ Asia in western and world history By Ainslie Thomas Embree, Carol Gluck
- ^ Denzil Ibbetson, Edward MacLagan, H.A. Rose A Glossary of The Tribes & Casts of The Punjab & North-West Frontier Province, 1911, Page 507
- ^ People, Gazetteer Ludhiana, Department of Revenue, Government of Punjab (India)
- ^ Gazetteer Amritsar, Department of Revenue, Government of Punjab (India) (First Edition 1976)
- ^ Singh, Kumar Suresh (2004). People of India. Popular Prakashan (Mumbai), Anthropological Survey of India (Kolkata). p. 46. ISBN 8179911004. OCLC 58037479. Retrieved 2007-04-19.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ History of Ancient India - By J.P. Mittal