Van Cliburn
Van Cliburn (born July 12, 1934) is an American pianist who achieved worldwide recognition in 1958 when, at the age of 23, he won the first quadrennial International Tchaikovsky Piano Competition in Moscow, at the height of the Cold War.
Early years
Cliburn was born Harvey Lavan Cliburn, Jr. in Shreveport, Louisiana, and began taking piano lessons at the age of three from his mother, Rildia Bee O'Bryan (who had been taught by Arthur Friedheim, a pupil of Franz Liszt). When Cliburn was six, he and his family moved to Kilgore, Texas, and at twelve he won a statewide piano competition which enabled him to debut with the Houston Symphony Orchestra. He entered The Juilliard School at age 17, and studied under Rosina Lhévinne, who trained him in the tradition of the great Russian romanticists. At age 20, Cliburn won the prestigious Levintritt Award, and made his Carnegie Hall debut.
Tchaikovsky Competition and beyond
But it was his recognition in Moscow which propelled him to international fame. The First International Tchaikovsky Piano Competition was an event designed to demonstrate Soviet cultural superiority during the Cold War, on the heels of their technological victory of the Sputnik launch only weeks before. Cliburn's luminous virtuosity in his competition finale performances of Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1 and Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto No. 3 earned him a standing ovation which lasted a full eight minutes. The Soviet judges were compelled to ask Premier Nikita Khrushchev for permission to give the first prize to an American. "Is he the best?" Khrushchev asked them. "Then give him the prize!" Cliburn returned home to a ticker-tape parade in New York City, the only time that honour has been accorded a classical musician. TIME put him on their cover, proclaiming him as "The Texan Who Conquered Russia." RCA Victor signed him to an exclusive contract, and his subsequent recording of Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1, became the first classical album to sell a million copies. It was the best-selling classical album in the world for more than a decade, eventually going triple-platinum.
There is another side of the same story, it was rumoured that Khrushchev wanted to soften the Soviet and American relationship after the Stalin period, they decided to give the first prize to Cliburn, although most judges agreed that Liu Sikun, another Chinese contestant, played better[citation needed]. Li Sikun got the second prize instead. A year after the competition (1959), Richard Nixon visited the Soviet Union. Khrushchev's new attitude towards the West as a rival instead of as an evil entity alienated Mao Zedong's China. The Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China, too, would later be involved in a similar "cold war" triggered by the Sino-Soviet Split in 1960.
In 1961 Khrushchev approved plans proposed by East German leader Walter Ulbricht to build the Berlin Wall, thereby reinforcing the Cold War division of Germany and wider Europe.
Other famous concerti Van Cliburn has recorded include the Grieg Piano Concerto, Rachmaninoff's Second Piano Concerto, Beethoven's Fourth and Fifth (Emperor) Piano Concerti, and the Prokofiev Third Piano Concerto.
In 1962, Cliburn became the artistic advisor for the Van Cliburn International Piano Competition. The competition was founded by a group of Fort Worth, Texas music teachers and volunteers, and its prestige now rivals that of the Tchaikovsky Competition.
Cliburn today
Cliburn performed and recorded through the 1970s, but in 1978, after the deaths of his father and manager, began a hiatus from public life. In 1987, he was invited to perform at the White House for President Reagan and Soviet leader Gorbachev, and afterwards was invited to open the 100th anniversary season of Carnegie Hall. He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2003 by President George W. Bush, and, in October of 2004, the Russian Friendship Medal, the two highest civilian awards of the two countries. Now over 70, he still gives a limited number of performances every year, to critical and popular acclaim. He has played for royalty, heads of state from dozens of countries, and for every President of the United States since Harry Truman. Cliburn currently resides in the Fort Worth suburb of Westover Hills.
Trivia
- Cliburn has a street named after him in the Fort Worth, Texas suburb of Keller.
- The American rock musician Andy Pratt was once labelled "Van Cliburn on acid".